جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "tannin" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

The salinization of soils and the optimal use of this vast area, the search for a suitable solution for the cultivation of a suitable crop is a priority of research. The cotton plant is semi-tolerant to salinity, but depending on the extent of species diversity, the yield alone cannot provide a reasonable indication of stress tolerance. Therefore, the study of biochemical and physiological characteristics of different species should provide comprehensive information on the cultivation and distribution of different species at different salinity levels.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of different cotton species at different salinity levels. 8 species of Delinting cotton seeds, including G. herbaceum, G. arboretum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, were grown in three replicates in large nylon pots using a randomized complete block design with three non-salinity levels (less than 4 dSm-1), medium salinity (8-9 dSm-1), and high salinity (12-13 dSm-1).

The results showed that at high salinity, non-phenolic compounds and phenolic content were highest and lowest, respectively, in the seed coat of Dr. Omumi and Golestan cultivars. At high salinity, the phenolic content of the seeds was highest in the Golestan cultivar. The lowest amount of tannin in the seed of Sepid cultivar was at salinity of 8 to 9 dSm-1, which decreased by 3.9%, 8.7% and 5.6%, respectively, compared to Dr. Omumi, Barbadens and Kerman indigenous cultivars at this salinity. Arbariums had the highest and lowest glycine-betaine concentrations at 8 to 9 dSm-1 and Mehriz at 12 to 13 dSm-1, respectively. At moderate salinity, protein concentration was highest in seeds of Mehriz variety. The protein concentration in the seeds of Golestan variety at both salinity levels and Dr. Omumi variety in non-saline environment increased significantly compared to the other varieties. At high salinity, the leaves of the Golestan cultivar had the lowest wax concentration among all cultivars, while at medium salinity the greatest wax accumulation was observed in the seed coat of the Golestan cultivar. The Golestan variety showed the highest proline concentration in the leaf at high salinity. The highest and the lowest proline content in the root were observed in Termez 14 at high salinity and in Dr. Omumi at medium salinity. At 8-9 dSm-1 salinity, Mehriz and Barbadens cultivars had the highest seed and fiber weight, respectively, while the lowest seed and fiber weight was recorded in Arbarium cultivar.

At 12-13 dSm-1, the cultivars Arbarium and Bomi-kerman had no bolls. It appears that the Golestan cultivar is the most tolerant to salt stress compared to other cultivars because it contains more proline, tannin, phenol, and wax. The varieties Bomi-kerman and Sepid, which stop flowering at high salinity, are also sensitive to 12-13dSm.-1

In this study, different genotypes of faba bean were evaluated for Tolerance index and biochemical compounds under drought stress. 21 Genotypes of faba bean were studied based on RCBD design with three replications in two irrigation treatments (including normal irrigation and drought stress) during two cropping years (2018-2019) at Gorgan Agricultural Research Station. Based on the potential (Yp) and stress (Ys) yields, drought tolerance including Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Tolerance Index (TOL), Stress Susceptibility index (SSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Yield Index (YI) and Yield Stability Index (YSI), stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI) were calculated for each genotype. According to data combined analysis, drought stress has significant effect on all studied traits. In drought stress, seed hull tannin, Endosperm tannin, and starch were 31.5, 19.7 and 1.96% more than normal conditions, respectively. Genotype×drought interaction showed the G-faba-66, G-faba-65, G-faba-62, G-faba-294, G-faba-292, G-faba-523, G-faba-525, and G-faba-20 genotypes in normal irrigation and the G-faba-67, G-faba-66, G-faba-75, G-faba-72, G-faba-65, and G-faba-62 genotypes in drought stress had the highest seed yield. G-faba-65 genotype showed the highest resistance to drought stress based on Tolerance index and biochemical compounds content.

In recent years, Querqus trees especially those which are located in the Lorestan province, in the Central Zagros forests, have faced to the Oak decline phenomenon. Different natural and unnatural factors can make this phenomenon to occur. Quercus brantii, the dominant species of the Lorestan forests, is suffered from this phenomenon and it has been degraded in wide range. Quercus brantii contain different type of secondary compositions. Secondary compositions in the leaves react as a defensive mechanism against stress maker conditions. In present study, to investigate the effect of oak decline on the secondary compositions such as total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger, condensed tannin and antioxidant of the leaves of Quercus branti, some sample of the leaves from affected trees in the Lorestan forests were gathered. After different tests on the leaves of Quercus brantii, the analysis of the acquired data was conducted using the factorial experiment and independent t-test. The rate of total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger and condensed tannin in the affected tress in the regions of Miankooh, Maleshaban and Abolvafa had a significant difference with the healthy trees but the rate of antioxidant did not show a significant difference. Moreover, the rate of condensed tannin in the regions of Miankooh and Abolvafa were significantly greater than the other areas. Stressful conditions such as oak decline, cause changes in the amount of secondary compounds in leaves. Studying these changes can help diagnosing and controlling the prevalence of stressful conditions.

There are two types of faba bean varieties - tannin and low tannin (zero tannin). Tannins are anti-nutritive compounds that affect quality and digestion. This study was performed to evaluate the performance of genotypes zero tannins genotypes whit tannin genotypes.
This experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2015-2016 in agricultural research station of Gorgan, in RCBD with three repetitions. 11 different faba bean genotypes (five tannin genotypes, five zero tannin genotypes, and Barakat as control genotype) were evaluated in the terms of agronomic traits of plant height, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grian yield and green pod yield, biological yield and harvest index.
The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference between genotypes in terms of plant height, number of pod per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, green pod yield and harvest index. The results of mean comparisons showed that GF-311 and GF-332 both from tannin genotypes had the most seed yield (6746 and 6426 kg ha-1 respectively). The minimum seed yield (3540 kg ha-1) was referred to GF-98 zero tannin. The green sheath yield varied from 15080 to 33067 kg. The least amount was referred to GF-98 (zero tannin) and the maximum amount was referred to GF-20 (control). The yield of biomass varied from 29000 to 57333 kg ha-1. The GF-247 genotype (no tannin) had the maximum and GF-98 (zero tannin) had the minimum yield. According to mean comparisons, the maximum weight of 100-seed with 158.33 gr belonged to GF-21 (tannin group) and the minimum with 102 gr belonged to GF-249 (zero tannin). The results of group comparisons showed no difference between two groups of tannin and zero tannin in terms of plant height, green pod yield and biomass yield. Generally, the tannin genotypes considering traits including, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index were better than none tannin genotypes.
In this study, tannin genotypes considering the most of studied traits had a significant predominance to zero tannin genotypes. As a result, if the goal of faba bean production is to obtain high yields, using tannin genotypes in Gorgan climatic conditions is preferred. On the other hand, according to the results of this survey, the seed yield of zero tannin genotypes was similar to Barakat genotype and because none tannin genotypes had higher quality and are better than Barakat genotype, in case of repeating these results (similarity of performance of zero tannin and tannin genotypes) in future experiments, expansion and harvesting is justified in the region

IntroductionBean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the richest seeds in legumes. It has special importance in the diet because it contains 20-25 percent protein, 60 percent carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fiber, antioxidants, trace minerals and amino acids containing Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe). Mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Azotobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp. are able to increase uptake of nutrient elements particularly when they are applied with others. P solubilizing fungus and bacteria facilitate uptake of slowly diffusing nutrient ions such as phosphorus (P), Zn, Fe and increase their availability usually by increasing volume of soil exploited by plants, spreading external mycelium, secreting organic acids, production of dehydrogenase and phosphates enzymes and reducing rhizosphere acidity. Despite the high nutritional value of bean, it contains some antinutritional factors that caused to decrease this nutritional value with reducing the digestion and absorption of protein, minerals and trace elements. The main is phytic acid (PA), phenolic acid, tannin and trypsin inhibitors. PA has the ability to form bonds with divalent cations such as Fe, Zn, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The high chelating capacity of PA reduces strongly availability of these elements and causes disturbances in the human gastrointestinal system. PA, phenolic compounds, tannin, and trypsin inhibitors can form bond with protein, fiber, carbohydrates, polysaccharides and other macromolecules and hence reduce enzyme activities, absorption and digestion of proteins and minerals. The main objective of this farm study was to evaluate the effect of P and Zn bio-fertilizers on decrease of antinutritional factors and improve seed quality in two cultivars of bean in Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiari province.
Material & MethodsThis field experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of this research consisted of two cultivars of Chiti bean (Talash and Sadri), four levels of P (P0: Control, P1: Chemical fertilizer on the basis of soil test, P2: 50 percent of recommended P bio-fertilizer (P), and P3: bio-fertilizer (P)), three levels of Zn (Zn0: Control, Zn1: 50 kg ha-1 Zinc sulphate, and Zn3: bio-fertilizer (Zn)). Bio-fertilizer (P) treatment consisted of using inoculum of P solubilizing bacteria from Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5 and three species of mycorrhizal fungi from Glomus species (Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae). Bio-fertilizer (Zn) treatment consisted of using inoculum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MPFM and Pseudomonas fluorescent strain 187. Grain inoculation (5%) was done in shadow and after drying, inoculated grains were immediately cultivated. Two g of mycorrhizal fungus was applied under the grain hole just prior to sowing. Chemical fertilizers were applied from TSP at a rate of 100 and 50 kg ha-1 in P1 and P2 respectively, 50 kg ha-1 ZnSO4.7H2O in Zn1. After harvesting, seeds were prepared to measure antinutritional factors after grounding and passing from 60 mesh sieve. Phytic acid was measured by Haug and Lantzsch (1983), phenolic acid and Tannin by Makkar et al. (1993) and trypsin inhibitors by Kakade et al. (1974). Statistical analysis was done with SAS statistical software. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare means.
Results & DiscussionThe results revealed that there were not significant difference between two cultivars on studying factors. The least of these characteristics except of phytic acid (PA) were obtained from Sadri cultivar. The effect of P treatment was significant on studying parameters, in a way P2 treatment in comparison with control treatment caused to decrease PA (11.5%), phenolic acid (35%), Tannin (38%) and trypsin inhibitors (25%). The effect of Zn treatment was also significant on studying parameters. The minimum of studying factors were obtained from Zn1 and Zn2 treatments. The effect of interaction between P and Zn was significant on these anti-nutritional factors except the trypsin inhibitors. The least rate of PA, phenolic acid, tannin were obtained 3.90 g kg-1, 3.13 and 2.45 mg GAE g-1 sample respectively from P2Zn1 and the rate of trypsin inhibitor 4.70 mg TI g-1 sample from P2Zn2. In this study, the dual inoculation with phosphate and Zn bio-fertilizers caused to increase nutrient uptake and improve in seed enrichment especially nutrients with antioxidant capacity such as Zn and Fe. It can be done with increasing mycorrhizal symbiosis, root colonization phytosiderophores secretion, organic acids and chelated compounds production. Our results were similar to findings of other researches. Reducing in antinutritional factors related to production of enriched seeds with using phosphate and Zn bio-fertilizers.
ConclusionThe results of this research revealed that individual and dual using of phosphate and Zn bio-fertilizers caused to decrease antinutritional factors in two studied cultivars of bean. Microorganisms used in biological treatments caused to increase the availability and uptake of nutrient elements such as N, P, Fe and Zn. It can be done with increasing mycorrhizal symbiosis, root colonization and enhance secretion of siderophore compounds, organic acids and chelate compounds. Also, plant hormones and enzymes promoting growth increased with using of these bio treatments. Application of bio-fertilizers in this study caused to decrease antinutritional factors in both cultivars with increase of growth and nutrient uptake and seed bioenrichment with iron (Fe) and Zn Seed bio-enrichment with Fe, Zn and other nutrients caused to indirectly decrease in PA and other antinutritional factors. In this research, the best treatment was using of mycorrhizal fungi with Azotobacter inoculant and 50 kg ha-1 TSP and 50 kg ha-1 ZnSO4.7H2O, (P2Zn1 treatment).

Saffron is a spice derived from the flowers of Crocus Sativus L. and it is known as one of the most valuable medicinal plants worldwide. In this study, the extract of petal and stamen were obtained from saffron wastages with methods of maceration and ultrasonic with water, ethanol and methanol as solvent. First, phytochemical screening of natural compounds was investigated. Then the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins were measured, respectively, with the Folin-Ciocalteu, Aluminum chloride and PVPmethods. Mineral elements of plant were compared by atomic absorption and emission. The existence of phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, steroids, tannins, phytoestrol and carbohydrates in the saffron waste were confirmed using qualitative measures. Our results clearly indicated that the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins using water as the solvent is more effective than the use of other solvents. Moreover, the amount of anthocyanin in frozen sample was more than dried sample in situ of ethanol as solvent. It was shown that potassium had the maximum amount of mineral element, while manganese had the minimum amount of mineral element in petal and stamen of saffron.

One of the main aims of biosaline agriculture is the production of high quality forages by halophyte plants. Kochia is a halophyte plant which has a proper capability for forage production. Evaluation of nutritive value and anti-nutritional compounds of Kochia ecotypes under saline irrigation was the goal of this experiment. Three saline irrigation waters (5.2, 10.5 and 23.1 dS m-1) and three Iranian kochia ecotypes (Birjand, Borujerd and Sabzevar) were assigned as the main and sub plots, respectively, in a split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The results showed that in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaf and whole aboveground organs were not affected by salinity, while in vitro stem dry matter digestibility increased under the severe salinity conditions. Organic matter digestibility of leaf, stem and whole plant at 10.5 dS m-1 were higher than other salinity levels. Crude proteins in whole plant increased by salinity but there were no significant difference among ecotypes. Increasing salinity levels decreased the percentage of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in whole plant. Percentage of whole plant NDF in Sabzevar ecotype was more than other populations, but there were no significant differences among populations in whole plant ADF. The total phenol and tannin content showed an increasing trend with increased salinity levels, though it was not significant among salinity levels. Total phenol and tannin accumulation in Sabzevar population was more than other populations. Generally, kochia forage quality is comparable with other common forage crops at the beginning of anthesis stage and there were no differences between the forage quality of studied populations up to the salinity level of 23.1 dS m-1.