جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Borago officinalis » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Transcriptomics studies speed up the basic and applied research on the identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of medicinally significant primary and secondary metabolites as well as plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The adequate quality and quantity of RNA are essential for successful transcriptomics investigations such as RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarrays. It is extremely difficult to isolate RNA from medicinal plants with high levels of polyphenols and polysaccharides, such as Borago officinalis. Moreover, isolating nucleic acids from tissues exposed to stressful conditions of heavy metal toxicity such as cadmium is challenging due to the increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary metabolites. Any RNA-seq experiment requires high-quality RNA because the isolated RNA should meet stringent quality control requirements in order to be sequenced on the various platforms. In the present study, we evaluated different RNA extraction methods to obtain an efficient protocol for isolating high-quality total RNA from borage tissue exposed to cadmium stress.

The borage seedlings were grown in hydroponic containers containing half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution in a growth chamber. Borage seedlings were exposed to 162 μM Cd using cadmium nitrate (Cd (NO3)2.4H2O) at 5-6 leaves stage and sampled at 48 h after treatment. The roots and leaves were subjected to five RNA isolation methods, including phenol/chloroform-based method, CTAB-based method, SDS-based method, RNX-plus protocol, and modified RNX-plus method to obtain an efficient protocol for isolating high-quality total RNA. The concentration and purity of the RNAs extracted using the abovementioned protocols were determined using gel electrophoresis and NanoDrop spectrophotometer. The quality and integrity of selected total RNA were approved with cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR, Bioanalyzer System, and transcriptome sequencing. After evaluating the extraction methods, a quick, simple and efficient instruction based on the modified RNX-Plus extraction method was afforded.

The results showed that the modified RNX-plus method was a fast and efficient protocol for the isolation of RNA from the borage leaf and root when compared with other methods. The method overcame the limitations posed by poor quality and low concentration of isolated RNA from borage samples exposed to cadmium stress. The A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios of the RNA extracted using the modified RNX-plus method were 2.1 and 2.07, respectively, revealing its high purity. The key factors in the optimized protocol that resulted in removing the impurities were included the increasing ratio of extraction buffer to the amount of the powdered plant sample, using the optimized volume of chloroform, raising the RNA precipitation time at -20°C, washing RNA with lithium chloride and washing again with ethanol. Also, the yields of 333±15 and 463±43 ng μl-1 of RNA with RNA integrity (RIN) numbers of 8.6 and 9.05 were obtained from roots under cadmium stress and control conditions using the described optimized method, respectively.

In general, the results of this study showed that the modified RNX-Plus method is convenient, fast, and effective for the isolation of total RNA from borage root and leaf tissues that contain different levels of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, and no solution is needed to be prepared before, except for ethanol and Lithium chloride. Since the RNA extracted from this procedure was successfully used for cDNA library construction, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing, it can be considered as a simple and efficient method for the isolation of RNA from medicinal plants.

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments included five levels of seed moisture (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and eight temperature levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) and 12 storage levels (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 day). The results showed that with increase in storage time, percentage and seed germination rate, length decreased, and also the abnormal seedlings, amount of proline seedlings and activity of peroxidase enzymes were increased. The highest germination and seedling growth were obtained in the control treatment and 7 days after storage with 10% seed moisture after 7 days of storage. The lowest germination percentage was seen 84 days after storage with %15 seed moisture at 15°C. The maximum length of seedlings was obtained at 25°C temperature and 20% humidity with 7 days of storage. The results showed that at the temperature of 25 degrees, the peroxidase enzyme activity was the highest at the beginning of the storage period (28 days of storage), but with the continued influence of adverse conditions during storage, the enzyme activity decreased significantly. The results showed that the lowest amount of proline was obtained at a temperature of 15°C with a humidity level of 25% and at the 28th day of storage. Based on the results, with increasing storage time, the moisture content of seeds and the storage temperature of the quality of Borago officinalis seedlings are reduced. Since these seeds contain oil, it should be considered to be sufficient to store, survive and maintain its maximum quality.

Environmental pollution with heavy metals has spread in the world. The impact these pollutants on the human health and food chain, as one of the factors of economic and health concerns, needs more attention. Cadmium (cd) as one of the most important heavy metals compared to other metals is rapidly absorbed and accumulated in plant tissues, and its transfer to the food chain is the result of widespread contamination of the soil with cadmium. Nano-silicon (Si) is more effective than usual fertilizers in protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of drug production that humans have used for many years, and their importance is expanding day by day. Many secondary metabolites of Borago officinalis and its products are consumed in the world pharmaceutical markets, so it requires special attention to improve the quality of culture, production efficiency, and health. This attention requires increasing knowledge about the physiological mechanisms of this plant affected by environmental factors such as cadmium stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nano-silicon on alleviating the detrimental effects of cadmium stress on physiological properties such as antioxidant enzyme activity in Borago officinalis.

Treatment was performed by adding cadmium in the form of cadmium nitrate (Cd (NO3)2) and nano-silicon in hydroponic cultures of borage plants at the 7-8 leaf stage. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were cadmium at three levels (0 (control), 25 mg L-1, and 75 mg L-1) and nano silicon at two different levels (0 and 1.5 mM). One day, one week, and two weeks after treatment, plant leaves were sampled and the amount of cadmium accumulation and biochemical and physiological properties were measured.

The results showed that the accumulation of cadmium in the aerial parts of the borage plant was significantly increased with increasing the cadmium concentration in the hydroponic medium. The utilization of nano-silicon significantly reduced the amount of cadmium absorption and accumulation in borage plants.Cadmium nitrate increased the amount of hydrogen peroxide compared to the control. The use of nano-silicon significantly reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide under cadmium stress at one and two weeks after treatment. One of the important consequences of increasing the concentration of heavy metals in plants is increasing in the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals in the cells. This reactive oxygen species leads to the oxidation and destruction of macromolecules such as protein, DNA, cell membrane damage and ion leakage.With increasing the concentration of cadmium, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in the cells were significantly increased. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels were significantly reduced by nano-silicon treatment. Heavy metals such as cadmium lead to the production of hydroxyl radicals, followed by lipid peroxidation. With increasing the lipid peroxidation, the cell membrane is destroyed and malondialdehyde levels increase. In the present study, the amount of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced under the influence of nano- silicon treatment. Proline accumulation in plants may also be a biomarker of cadmium stress, because proline can scavenge free radicals and protect the cells from their damaging effects.With increasing the concentration of cadmium, the activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes was increased. In addition, the activity of these enzymes was reduced with the utilization of nano-silicon. The highest activities of these enzymes were recorded under cadmium concentration at 75 mg l-1 and the lowest activities of these enzymes were related to the treatment of nano-silicon and control. Increasing the level of antioxidant activity can sweep ROS produced by heavy metals, and protects the cell from the damaging effects of oxidative stress, which increases the plant's tolerance to environmental stresses, including heavy metals. The use of nano-silicon positively reduces cadmium accumulation in the plant maybe by maintaining the photosynthetic capacity and regulating the uptake and transfer of cadmium under cadmium stress conditions. On the other hand, nano-silicon reduces the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) may be through the reduction of cadmium uptake and accumulation in the plant cells and tissues as well as increase in the efficiency of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.

The results of the present study showed that the accumulation of cadmium in the borage tissues under cadmium stress was reduced due to the application of nano-silicon. In other words, the use of nano-silicon improved the physiological characteristics of the borage plant by reducing the uptake and transfer of cadmium nitrate. This reduction in the amount of uptake and accumulation of cadmium nitrate in plant tissues is important for the health of agricultural products and human communities.

To investigate the effects of hydropriming and foliar application of chitosan and humic acid on physiological and yield characteristics of borage, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Medicinal Plants Research center of Samian Ardabil in 2017. Treatments were seed priming in two levels (non-priming (control) and hydropriming for 48 hours), and foliar application in four levels (control, 0.5 g.L-1humic acid 1 g.L-1 chitosan and combination of humic acid and chitosan). Results showed that hydropriming significantly improved the grain yield (1.23 fold) and yield components of borage plants compared to control; may be through the increasing in the photosynthetic pigments content. Foliar application of humic acid, chitosan and combination of humic acid and chitosan, significantly increased the flower yield in the plants obtained from primed seeds. Although hydropriming increased the 1000-grain weight and grain yield, the foliar application caused a further increase these traits, so that, in the plants from primed seeds, the foliar application of humic acid and utilization of humic acid and chitosan were significantly increased the 1000-grain weight (1.22 fold) and biological yield (1.69fold) compared to control, respectively. These results indicate the synergistic effects of hydropriming and utilization of humic acid on borage growth and yield characteristics under field condition.

Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is an annual plant and belongs to the Boraginasea family, that afford curative properties. This plant has deep roots and can absorb soil, water and nutrients from the depths of the soil, and is therefore somewhat resistant to drought. Increasing people's tendency toward medicinal plants to treat diseases has conduct to and essential the cultivation of medicinal plants globally and in Iran. Water deficit stress is one of the most important non- biological stresses that reduces water absorption by root system. Water deficit is considered as the most important limiting factor for non-living plant growth and yield that, in addition to a negative effect on yield, causes exacerbates other stresses, in particular the stress of the deficiency of nutrients in the plant. Drought stress is one of the most important limiting factors yield in the world. Today, phenolic compounds and plant growth regulator has been proposed, to reduce the negative effects of stress. Thus, this experiment carried out in order to Effects of salicylic acid on yield and nutrient uptake borage (Borago officinalis L.) under interrupting irrigation conditions.

A field study was conducted as a split plot arrengement based on randomized complete blocks design (RCB) with four replications at farm at experimental field of Khouzestan Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Iran during 2017-2018 cropping season. Three interrupting irrigation (stress at stemming stage, stress at flowering stage, stress at seed fill stage and control) as main plat and four application of salicylic acid including of 0, 69, 138 and 207 mg.L-1 as sub plots comprised experimental treatment. With reach each of these stages, from stem emergence to flowering initiation, from flowering initiation to seed fill interrupting irrigation and from seed fill initiation to beginning seed harvesting interrupting irrigation was carried out. This continued until the end of the physiological stages. Salicylic acid application was carried out during two stages during vegetative period (stem emergence and flowering initiation) simultaneously with applying moisture stress treatment. After applying the respective treatments, traits were measured at full flowering stage. Grain yield, oil percentages, ash contents of flower and leaf, nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in two parts of the flower and leaf of Borage were measured. Analysis of variance and comparison of means was performed by SAS software and test LSD, 5% level probability .Respectively.

The result of analysis of variance showed that interrupting irrigation and salicylic acid had significant effect on grain yield, oil percentages, ash contents of flower and leaf ash and nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in two parts of the flower and leaf. Also interaction effect of interrupting irrigation and salicylic acid on flower ash, potassium flowers, and leaf, phosphorus and sodium flowers was significant. Mean comparison test showed that with interrupting irrigation in stemming and flowering stages, only the concentration of sodium and potassium elements and oil percentages increased significantly. Maximum grain yield in the control treatment was 633.43 kg. ha-1. Foliar application with 207 mg.L-1 salicylic acid increased 50% grain yield. Salicylic acid increased all the traits studied, other than sodium. Consumption of 138 mg.L-1 salicylic acid in interrupting irrigation condition increased 36% of flower ash and 38% of leaf phosphorus, due to non-consumption of salicylic acid and drought stress. The highest amount of potassium of flower and leaf were obtained by application 138 and 207 mg.L-1 salicylic acid in interrupting irrigation stress at flowering stage and maximum flowering sodium without application salicylic acid with interrupting irrigation in this stage.

The results suggested salicylic acid application in borage can increase uptake of macro nutrients required for plant growth and reduce the negative effects of drought stress damage.

To evaluate of phosphorus fertilizer and planting density effect on flower production and other characteristics of medicinal plant borage (Borago officinalis. L), a split plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Mehriz in 2008-2009. Treatments included four levels of phosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha as main factor and three planting distance 20, 40 and 60centimeter as the sub factor were considered. Each experimental unit consisted of 6 line cultivated over 8 m. In this experiment, the traits: number of days to flowering, plant height, average number of flowers per plant, flower yield per unit area and total biomass were studied. The results showed that different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and planting density were effective on the above characteristics. Effect of rows distance and phosphorus fertilizer on flower yield was significant at the 1% level. The flowers yield per unit area increased with decreasing distance between the rows, so that the row spacing of 20 cm with 778.4 kg/ha had the highest yield. The highest flower yield (with 682.9 kg / ha) was belong to the highest levels of phosphorus (150 kg/he) fertilizer.