جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سیتوکروم b" در نشریات گروه "علوم دام"

Investigation of mitochondrial genome sequence of cytochrome-b region within population can be a good indicator for diversity in the studied population. A recent study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity in Kurdish horses and phylogenetic relationship of between Kurdish horse with other horse breeds in the world using cytochrome-b region. Blood samples were collected from 30 Kurdish horses and total DNA was extracted by modified salting out method. Cytochrome-b sequences were amplified by primers pairs with 1029 bp length and then were sequenced after purifying. The sequences were trimmed to 882 bp using BioEdit software. The samples were aligned with the horse reference sequence with access number (X79547) using Clustal-W package. Haplotype and polymorphic site numbers, Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were estimated using DNASP4 software. Phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA7 software by neighbor joining method. 7 haplotypes with 7 polymorphic site were identified. Whole haplotypes were belonged to K haplogroup. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.784±0.001 and 0.00218±0.001, respectively. The compositional frequency of consensus sequences was including: A base, 21.27%; C base, 32.77%; G base, 13.15% and T base, 26.87%. According to the phylogenetic analysis, Kurdish horses were genetically more closely related to Japanese and Chinese breeds and one Polish and Saudi Arabian breeds which shows that Kurdish horse has genetic similarities with Asian and some European horse breeds.

Camels play a major role in the life of people in parts of Africa and Asia, especially in the desert areas. Today, camels are important for sustainable livestock production species in many arid regions of the world. Camels are economically important in terms of meat, milk and wool production in the desert. Due to climate change, camel as a desirable animal for arid areas, requires more extensive scientific view. According to FAO statistics, about 95% of 35 million humped camels worldwide are single-humped camels. The cytochrome b sequence is part of the mitochondrial DNA, passing from mother to offspring’s, can be used to elucidate genetic diversity and evolutionary history within and between different species. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity using cytochrome b sequence in Turkmen camel and its genetic relationship with one and two-humped camels. In addition, the genetic relationship of within and between different species of camels has been objected. After preparing a blood sample from the abdominal vein of Turkmen camel, DNA extraction was performed using salting out method. Turkmen camel sequencing was performed using Illumina HighSeq 2000. Sequencing creates 150 bp reads of the genome sequence. The reads were assembled by Denovo method using CLC software and the contig of containing the cytochrome b gene was isolated based on the reference gene, NC_009849. Relevant data were obtained to compare the CYTB reference gene in new (Lamini) and old (Camelini) world species of camels. To study the genetic diversity of the camel species, a total of 42 one-humped camels, 31 wild tow-humped camels, 121 domestic tow-humped camels, and wild lamas including 31 guanicoe (Lama guanico) And 6 vicogna-vicogna (vicogna vicogna) and domestic llamas including 6 lama glama and 5 alpaca (Lama pacos) were compared. The alignment of CYTB gene sequence samples of different species was performed using CLC Genomics Workbench 12 software. Then the number of gaps, the number of differences and identities were obtained. A phylogenetic tree was drawn to investigate the genetic relationships between and within species. Sequences of Turkmen camels and other Iranian and Arabian one-humped camels along with other species were analyzed for alignment using CLC software. Phylogenetic tree of DNA and proteins sequences of the gene was performed using Neighbor Joining method with Jukes-Cantor protein distance size with 1000 bootstrap replications. DNA extraction based on spectrophotometry was 304 ng/μl and was suitable for sequencing. After sequencing, 589,326,158 readings of 150 base-pairs containing more than 88 billion bases were obtained. Assembling of the obtained reads produced 235978 contigs from which the contig of containing cytochrome b gene was selected based on the reference gene. The sequence of other camel species was extracted from the database and used based on the fact that the data contained the entire cytochrome b gene, which corresponds to 1140 bp of the reference gene. There is the biggest difference between new world of wild and domestic camels. There was a minimal difference between Arabian and Turkmen camels with 100% similarity, followed by Lama Glama and Lama Guanico, as well as between wild and domestic two-humped camels. The Turkmen camel was completely similar to the Arabian camel and had the greatest difference with wild two-humped camels. In the study of Di Rocco et al. (2010) it was shown that the difference of cytochrome b sequence between wild camels (VV and L Cuanicoe) was 6.4%, which in this study was 6.3% which could be due to the larger number of samples in this study. The phylogenetic tree of cytochrome b protein sequence showed that the llamas and one and two-humped camels are located in different branches of the tree. According to the results of DNA phylogenetic tree, llamas were on one side and two-humped camels were on the other side of the tree and one-humped camels were located between them. There was a great diversity within the population of llamas. Some domestic one and two-humped camels are associated with wild two-humped camels. The results indicate that wild two-humped female camels were mated with domestic one and two-humped males that resulted one and two-humped domestic camels phenotype. The same is true of llamas, with domesticated Lama Glama and Lama Pacos locating among the wild species of Lama Guanicoe and Vicogna vicogna phylogenetic branch. Ming et al. (2016) demonstrated that domestic and wild two-humped camel species are genetically distinct from each other. In this study, it was shown that the domestic and wild two-humped camels is phylogenetically close to each other and distanced from one-humped camels. Based on the cytochrome b sequence, Cui et al. (2007) were concluded that one and two-humped camels separated before migrating to Eurasia. Similarly, in this study, it has been shown that one-humped camels are separated from two-humped camels, then wild and domestic two-humped camels are separated from each other. As a result, there is a greater phylogenetic distance between llamas and humped camels. Iranian one-humped camels can be classified into four genetic groups, two of which are originated from wild and domestic two-humped camels and the other two groups are among the one-humped camels. Iranian domestic two-humped camels were also phylogenetically divided into four genetic groups.

In order to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles coated by clinoptilolite on cytochrome P450 gene expression in broiler chicken’s liver an experiment consisting of (1) control diet, (2) clinoptilolite, (3) clinoptilolite coated with silver nanoparticles, (4) organic acids and (5) clinoptilolite coated with silver nanoparticles and organic acids in normal and heat stress conditions was designed. Liver biopsy was obtained on 21 and 42 days of experiment. Results of this study demonstrated there were no interaction between experimental treatments and heat stress conditions in chickens. As well as the expression levels of  both isoforms of CYP450 gene  in clinoptilolite treatment on day 21 and silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite with organic acid treatment on day 42 of experiment in normal conditions, were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment (C) in chicken liver tissue (P<0.05). Level of CYP2C18 on  day 42 of experiment in heat stress condition in silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite treatment was significantly increased in comparison with control (C) treatment (P<0.05). Whereas, the level of CYP2C23b gene expression on day 42 of experiment was not significantly different with control treatments (P>0.05) in heat stress conditions. In conclusion, results showed that the expression level of CYP2C18 isoform in liver tissue of broiler chickens was higher in comparison with CYP2C23b isoform.  The liver, as a metabolism organism in the body, identified clinoptilolite and silver nanoparticles as inorganic, chemical and exogenous substances and increased the expression level of cytochrome P450 gene acts as a biomarker for the existence of exogenous and inorganic substances in the body.

Preservation of genetic diversity in population of Marghos goat is very important. Studying cytochrome b region of mitochondrial genome in within breeds can give useful information about genetic diversity of the population. The purpose of current research was genetic and phylogenetic investigation of mitochondrial genome cytochrome b region in Marghos goat. In order to, blood samples were collected from 40 Marghos goats. After extracting DNA, fragment 892 bp of cytochrome b region genome mitochondrial amplified by primers was designed and fragment amplified after purification was sequenced. Four different haplotypes were determined based on four single nucleotide polymorphism sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity were estimated in Marghos goat population 0.1 and 0.00239 respectively. Using the UPGM phylogenetic test results showed that the Marghos goat population is separate group from other Asian goat breeds. The reason for this gap may be due to the geographic distance between the distributions of in Marghos goat with other breeds goats.