جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شکل فیزیکی" در نشریات گروه "علوم دام"

In order to investigate the effect of alfalfa physical shape and barley grain processing on yield, ruminal parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Dalagh fattening lambs, 30 male lambs of 3.5±1.2 months old with an average live weight of 17±1.1 kg were used.This experiment was performed in factorial form (3×2) based on a completely randomized design with two factors including: physical form of forage and processing of barley grain in 98 days with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Experimental diets included: 1- Chopped alfalfa with whole barley grains 2- Chopped alfalfa with ground barley grains 3- Chopped alfalfa with flaky barley grains 4- Pellet alfalfa with whole barley grains 5- Pellet alfalfa with barley grains Grinded 6- Pellet alfalfa with barley flakes. The daily feed and its residue were weighed and recorded daily for each animal. Rumen fluid sampling was performed on day 84 at 3 hours after feeding. From day 70 of the experiment, the volume of urine produced by each animal was recorded daily for 6 days.The results showed that alfalfa forage in the form of pellets increased the dry matter consumption, increased daily weight, increased propionate content, increased nitrogen, increased microbial protein and decreased acetate and pH (P <0.05). Also, flaxseed and ground barley processing compared to whole barley grain increased daily weight gain and increased propionate, nitrogen and microbial protein levels and decreased ammonia and pH (P <0.05).Keywords: Physical form, Processing, Rumen parameters, Microbial protein, Fattening lambs.

The trend of changes in the situation of agriculture and animal husbandry in Iran during the last half century has been such that the livestock population has increased significantly and As a result, the nutritional needs of livestock have also increased. In Iran, sheep breeding is a major part of livestock activities. Irregular grazing has caused incessant erosion of pastures and Rising demand for meat has led producers to move from a grazing system to a dense production system, or in other words, a sheep fattening systemt providing food in a fattening period accounts for about 65 to 70 percent of the cost of raising and maintaining livestockt Therefore, physical and chemical processes can increase the nutritional value of feed and improve production efficiency.

In order to investigate the effect of physical form of alfalfa fodder and barley grain processing on yield and nutrient digestibility in fattening lambs of 30 Dalagh breed, 3.5±1/2month-old male lambs with an average weight of 17 ± 1.1 were used. These experiments were statistically analyzed in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with two factors. The experimental variables include: physical form of forage and barley grain processing. In the 98-day period (14 days of habituation and 84 days of the main period) with 6 treatments and 5 replications, the experimental diets were equal in terms of protein and energy content. Consumed feed and the rest of feed were weighed daily and the animals were weighed on an empty stomach every two weeks, after 16 hours of hunger using a digital scale And all statistical analyzes of this design were performed in SAS software version 1/9.

There was a significant difference between different treatments in terms of weight gain. The treatments that used pellet alfalfa in comparison with chopped alfalfa had a higher final weight of 42.81 compared to 41.50 and also had a higher daily weight gain in the whole period of 297.49 compared to 282.94. The dry matter consumption of the whole period in the treatments receiving pellet alfalfa was 1933.49 gr and higher than the treatments receiving chopped alfalfa 1883/76 gr and also the use of pellet alfalfa improved the feed conversion ratio in the third month. Feed digestibility was higher in pellet alfalfa treatments and digestibility of dry matter, netrul detergent fiber and crude protein were statistically significantly different in different treatments. Barley grain processing had a significant effect on end-to-end weight gain and end-of-period weight was reported to be significantly higher than ground barley and whole barley grain in treatments receiving flake barley, respectively. Also, the daily weight gain in the whole period in the treatments receiving barley flakes and ground and whole barley grains were 294.05, 289.40 and 287.20, respectively. Treatments receiving flake barley, ground barley and whole barley grain had higher digestibility of crude protein from 63.96, 62.98 and 61.95, respectively, from right to left.

Forage processing of alfalfa and barley grains means that in the whole processing of feed of fattening lambs, it increases the feed consumption and increases the daily weight and in total a higher final weight in fattening lambs, Also, animal feed processing improves feed efficiency and increases digestibility.

This Experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of physical form of the concentrate and buffer type on the rumen and blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis in fattening Dalagh lambs. Twenty eight lambs with an average of 28±2.7 kg and 5 month age were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included: 1- pelleted concentrate+sesquisodium carbonate, 2- pelleted concentrate+sodium bicarbonate, 3- mash concentrate + sesquisodium carbonate and 4- mash concentrate+sodium bicarbonate. Sampling from rumen fluid and blood sampling was carried out on days 42 and 84 of experiment. On day 70 of the experiment, 3 lambs were transferred to the metabolic cages for sampling and collecting urine. The results showed that ruminal pH was higher in the treatment of mash concentrate +sesquisodium carbonate in three hours after feeding (P<0.05). The experimental treatments had no effect on ruminal ammonia concentration, protozoan number and microbial population (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentration of blood minerals except calcium. Calcium concentration was higher in pelleted concentrate+sodium bicarbonate and mash concentrate + sesquisodium carbonate than other treatments (P<0.05). Purine derivatives and total excretion and absorption of purine derivatives from urine and the amount of microbial protein synthesis in rumen significantly increased in pellet concentrate and sodium bicarbonate (P<0.05).

This trial was performed to determine the effects of different levels and physical forms of corn and wheat grains in the starter diet on performance, some of serum metabolits, fecal score, diarrhea and digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch in Holstein dairy calves. Fourty eight calves (40.1±3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to four different treatments consisting of control (corn grain milled), the ratio of 50:50 whole grain corn and wheat, the ratio of 50:50 milled grain corn and wheat, and whole grain corn. After birth, all calves were fed enough amounts of colostrum for the first 3 days and then recieved 4 kg of milk in entire trial. Starter consumption was measured daily and body weight was recorded at day of birth, weeks 3 and 6 and at the weaning time. Results showed that starter intake and average daily gain were highest in calves fed starter containing whole grain corn and wheat and were the lowest in calves fed starter including corn grain milled (P<0.01). Overall, different treatments had no significant effects on feed efficiency measured at different stages. Although, there was tended to significant (P=0.06) in the entire period. Blood glucose and BHBA were the highest and lowest respectively, in calves fed whole grain corn and wheat. Furthermore, this group had greater ruminal pH compared to the other groups (P<0.01). There was no differences in fecal score and days having diarrhea between groups. Apparent digestibility of starch and ADF were significantly higher in calves fed a blend of corn and wheat grain compared to their fed alone corn. It was concluded that using a mixture of whole grain corn and wheat in starter diet could be a proper alternative to fine ground corn in Iranian dairy calf rearing systems.