جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « FCR » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

In order to investigate the effects of Aqueous extract of phenolic compounds in green hulls of two varieties Pistachios green hull Kaleghochi and Fandoghi on performance and carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters and immune response of broiler, a total of 220 male day old chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 20 experimental units in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replicates and 11 birds each. Treatments were 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg of water extract of Kaleghochi and 200 and 400 mg/kg of water extract of fandoghi. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured at the end of each of three nutrition periods including starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and end (25-46 days). Two birds of each replicate were slaughtered and bleed to measure the blood biochemical parameters and immune system at 24 and 46 days. Results were indicated that the body weight gain and feed intake were higher in 400mg/kg Kaleghochi pistachio hulls extract as compared to control. The FCR were decreased when birds fed 400mg/kg Kaleghochi pistachio hulls extract. There were no significant differences among treatments for relative weight of carcass organs except for abdominal fat. The both pistachio hulls extract decreased the abdominal fat, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL (P<0.05). The enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase was decreased when birds fed both pistachio hulls extract. The pistachio hull extract improved the immune response against SRBC as compared to control. It is concluded that supplementation of Kaleghochi and/or Fandoghi pistachio hulls extract may improve the performance, immune response, decrease abdominal fat and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens.

Most parts of Iran are located in arid and semi-arid areas which animals undergo feed shortage due to poor natural vegetation. Metabolic modifiers such as anabolic steroids, somatotropin, beta agonists, vitamins and minerals, fed in extra-nutritional levels, increase growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass leanness, profitability of livestock production and decrease carcass fatness. Moreover, heat and transportation stress results in decreased feed intake, body weight, average daily gain and reproductive performance of animals. Chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) are micronutrients which could be considered as metabolic modifiers. It has been reported that dietary Se supplementation improves reproductive performance, oxidative stress, immune system, as well as growth performance of the animals. Cr supplement, as a constituent of low-molecular-weight Cr-binding substance (LMWCr) or chromodulin, also increases glucose tolerance by potentiating the action of insulin. However, there are a few information regarding the effects of organic Se and Cr supplements on performance and blood metabolites of ewe lambs under transportation stress. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of feeding selenium-methionine (Se-Met) and Chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplements on growth performance and blood metabolites of ewe lambs.
Twenty-four Baluchi ewe lambs with mean body weight of 24.2 ± 0.4 kg and 4 months old were allocated randomly to 4 dietary treatments including (1) control diet (no Se or Cr supplementation), and control diet supplemented with (2) Se-Met (1.5 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM)), (3) Cr-Met (0.8 mg kg-1DM) and (4) Se-Cr-Met (1.5 mg of Se-Met plus 0.8 mg of Cr-Met kg-1DM).The whole experimental period divided into two periods of adaptation (2 weeks) and data collection (9 weeks). A transportation stress was applied by transporting the animals in a truck in a bumpy road for 30 minutes in 8th week of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at commencement and the end of experiment. For transportation stress, blood samples were obtained just before the lambs were loaded and unloaded from the truck. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer and cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS software. A mixed model with fixed effects of treatment, time and random effect of lamb within treatment × time were used. A paired T-test was used to compare the blood metabolite concentrations pre-transportation with post-transportation stress.
The results indicated that, feeding ewe lambs diets contained organic Se and Cr supplements improved average daily gain )ADG( and feed conversion ratio (FCR: control, Se, Cr, and Se-Cr were 5.99, 5.41, 5.22, 5.45 respectively). Lambs in Cr-Met group showed the highest feed intake and live weight gain compared those in the control. Blood glucose concentration decreased in Cr-Met fed lambs in comparison with control animals. Feeding Se-Met and/or Cr-Met supplements had no effect on blood urea, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein and albumin concentrations. Based on the findings, blood glucose and cortisol concentrations were increased in response to transportation stress. Feeding Cr reduced the concentration of blood cortisol. It seems that the beneficial effects of Cr are associated with its role in carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Chromium potentiates insulin action by enhancing its binding to target cell receptors and also by improving its post-receptor signaling. Insulin increases protein synthesis, efficiency of amino acid transport, and carbohydrate and lipid utilization and reduces protein degradation. Selenium supplements also improve feed efficiency by increasing triiodothyronine activity and enhancing antioxidant status. Moreover, Cr can prevent the deleterious effects of transportation stress.
It could be concluded that feeding ewe lambs with organic selenium (0.8 mg kg-1) and chromium (1.5 mg kg-1) supplements may improve feed to gain ratio and ameliorate the changes in blood glucose and cortisol concentrations in response to transportation stress.

This study was performed in order to study of the effectiveness applying Copper Sulfate, Potassium Permanganate and one of the new antiseptic material namely Desogerm 2A on mortality rate, rearing period and food conversation rate(FCR) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Total number of 10000 Rainbow Trout with average weight of (21±2 gr) classified to 4 different groups (3 treatments and 1 control group) were exposure to Desogerm2A, Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate. The experimental treatments were immersed with concentration of 20,2,2 (ppm), for one hour every 15 days short time bathing until final weight (255±5 gr) at water temperature around (13.5 ± 0.5 cº). All treatments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. Therefore, the results suggested the lowest values of FCR and rearing period which were estimated to be 1.3:1 and 160 days, respectively. The value of average mortality rate percentage (0.723±0.036) was related to group1(Desogerm 2A), too. Additionally, the FCR results indicated the significance decrease for treatment group1 in comparison with other group (p<0.05). The results showed a decreased significant outcome of growth periods among treatments and control group. Also, the value of this parameter showed significant difference among treatment groups (p<0.05).