جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "متابولیت های ثانویه" در نشریات گروه "شیلات"

Many marine invertebrates, such as sponges, produce secondary metabolites that have some pharmaceutical uses. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial properties and the effect of seasonal variations on methanolic extracted from sponge Niphates furcata against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosus using broth dilution method. The experiment results showed that methanolic extracts of sponge extracted in summer did not show any antibacterial effect on E. coli and P. aeruginosus and did not have the ability to inhibit the growth of the mentioned bacteria, and naturally the concentrations determined could not have any bactericidal effect on the gram-negative bacteria of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosus. In winter, this extract had an inhibitory effect on all four gram positive and gram negative bacteria used in this study, In contrast to methanolic extract from summer, methanolic extract of winter season on Escherichia coli had a bactericidal effect, although it did not show any bactericidal effect, similar to that of summer on Pseudomonas aeruginosus. Comparison of the data shows that the methanolic extract of Niphates furcata sponge has a more severe inhibitory effect on the bacteria than in the winter, although the comparison of the bacterial pathogenic effects in both summer and winter shows similar results, and the concentrations have not shown any bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aerosinosis.

Steroids are one of the most important and abundant secondary metabolites of marine sponges. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of steroidal fractions derived from the Persian Gulf sponge Axinella sinoxea. Extraction was first done by Acetone and then the fractions were separated through column chromatography with silica gel. Identification of steroidal fractions were done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Then, antibacterial properties of steroids were identified and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were investigated by tubular dilution. Two types of steroids including Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol,(3β-24Z) and Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol,(3β,22E,24S) were determined. The extracted steroids showed different results regarding the growth inhibition and bactericidal effect on Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio harveyi) and Gram positive (Micrococcus roseus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria at different experimental doses. In conclusion, promising results were found regarding the antimicrobial effects of the extracted steroids of the marine sponge from Larak island A. sinoxea. These findings reveal the necessity of more comprehensive investigations for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and antibiotic materials from the  bioactive compounds.

Sea cucumber is one of the most important species of Echinodermata, belongs to the category of Holothuroidea. Their well-known bioactive compounds have anti-cancer, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-arterial, and wound-healing effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of methanolic extract on the muscular body wall of sea cucumbers Holothuria leucospilota on Albino rats was investigated. Sea cucumbers were collectted from the Hengam island, dried and extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were evaluated by lipoxygenase enzymes inhibition test in in vitro conditions. In in vivo experiments, the animals were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats, including: control, treated with carrageenan, treated with MEHL extract (100/200 mg / kg) and aspirin 10 mg/kg. In order to evaluate the inflammation, carrageenan test was used in Hind paw edema method. In in vitro experiments, methanolic extract (MEHL) with 43.75± 2.83 and ethyl acetate and hexane extract showed 12.92 ± 1.22 and 9.74 1.57 percent inhibition of lipoxygenase enzymes, respectively. Methanolic extract (MEHL) Holothuria leucospilota was selected for further in vivo testing. In animal experiments, MEHL, with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg, inhibited hind paw edema at 3 and 4 hours, with 13.62 ± 1.3 and 35.15 ± 2.5 and , 18.41 ± 1.7 and 45.22 ± 3.2 percent, respectively. Holothuria leucospilota methanolic extract contains anti-inflammatory compounds that have shown better anti-inflammatory effects compared to the anti-inflammatory drug acetylsalicylic acid.

Development of natural and environmentally friendly antifouling agents is a suitable alternative to solve the global marine fouling problem. In the current study, antibacterial, anti-micro algal, anti-barnacle and antifouling activity of non-polar, semi-polar and polar extracts from three parts of the sea cucumber, Stichopus herrmanni, body (i.e. body wall, digestive tract and respiratory tree) were studied. The inhibitory activity assay of n-hexan, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were evaluated against five bacterial strains, two microalgae species and barnacle larvae. In order to investigate the antifouling performance, the extracts were added to a resin epoxy coats and exposed in the sea water for the duration of three months. Based on Results, the ethyl acetate extract of the body wall with the lowest MIC against S. aureus (0.500 mg/ml) and I. galbana (0.125 mg/ml), and the lowest LC50 against barnacle larvae (0.061 mg/ml), showed the best inhibitory activity. After three months treatment, the coated panels containing 4% extract of ethyl acetate from body wall had the lowest final weight (189.67 ± 5.51 g) and lowest fouling cover percentage (74.76%) among all the panels (P<0.05). Regarding the high antifouling activity of ethyl acetate extract from the body wall of the sea cucumber S. herrmanni, it is recommended as a potential natural alternative for the antifouling coats.

Sponges are the most primitive multicellular eukaryotic organisms and sessile without defense organs therefore, they produce different secondary metabolites to protect themselves from predators and pathogens in their environment. This study aims to evaluation of cytotoxic properties of hexane and dichloromethane parts of methanol extract of the sponge (Ircinia mutans), collected from Larak Island. Hexane and dichloromethane parts were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction from methanol extract then tested by MTT colorimetric assay on three cancer cell lines MOLT-4, MCF-7 and HT-29. The hexane part with IC50 value 11.53 ± 1.3, 41.64 ± 3.5 and 14.57 ± 1.5 μg/mL, and the dichloromethane part with IC50 value 12.51 ± 0.8, 26.6 ± 2.2 and 7.47 ± 0.97 μg/mL respectively, on three mentioned cell line showed moderate to strong cytotoxic activity on all three cancer cell lines. The results also indicate that the dichloromethane part has stronger cytotoxic activity than the hexane part. This study's findings showed the potential of Persian Gulf sponges as valuable sources of new anti-cancer compounds.