جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تغذیه آبزیان » در نشریات گروه « شیلات »

In aquaculture, providing economical, nutritious, and environmentally friendly feed has always been one of the biggest challenges. Earthworms, with their high protein content featuring balanced amino acids, as well as suitable fats, minerals, and vitamins, are an optimal option for replacing expensive and scarce protein sources such as fish meal currently in use. Cultivating these worms is simple and low-cost, and given their wide tolerance range of environmental factors, their cultivation is feasible in many areas without the need for special facilities. Another advantage of earthworms is that they are a byproduct of producing organic fertilizer (vermicompost). Vermicompost is made from animal manure or household and agricultural waste, making its production environmentally friendly. Additionally, organic fertilizer can be used to fertilize earthen ponds. Processing and utilizing earthworms in aquaculture feed has been a constraint that has hindered their commercial use. This article presents the nutritional value of earthworms, as well as methods of processing and utilizing them in aquaculture diets.

The aquaculture industry is increasingly facing the challenge of fungal toxins and harmful compounds in fish feed. These toxins, which are mainly called mycotoxins, can cause a wide range of negative effects on the health and performance of aquatic animals. Some of these problems include reduced growth, weakening of the immune system, damage to the liver and kidneys of aquatic animals, and finally their death. Contamination with mycotoxins in aquatic food not only endangers their health, but consumption of contaminated aquatics may be a way for mycotoxins to enter the human food chain and threaten food security and public health. The most important mycotoxins in agricultural products and fish feed are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. To use crops in aquaculture production, efforts should be made to control their contamination with fungi and mycotoxins. Toxin binders have emerged as an innovative solution to deal with these threats and play a vital role in improving aquatic health, and growth, reducing losses, meat quality, reducing breeding costs, and sustainability in aquaculture.

The growth and development of the aquaculture industry in recent decades has also led to the development of the aquatic feed industry. High-quality animal protein, lipids and other nutrients are essential for intensive aquaculture. Fish meal is used as an essential ingredient in fish nutrition that will not be available in sufficient quantities in the future. Increasing fishing pressure has reduced marine fish stocks; Therefore, reducing the dependence of aquaculture on marine resources in order to develop the sustainability of this industry in the future is essential. Therefore, using plant protein sources such as cereals and legumes in aquatic feed can be effective in achievng this goal. However, plant foods can provide a natural and suitable substrate for the growth of fungi. Crops may be infected with the fungus during harvest or storage. Under adverse environmental conditions, at temperatures above 27 ° C and more than 60% humidity and lack of proper ventilation, fungi grow rapidly and can endanger aquatic health by producing mycotoxins. In addition, the accumulation of mycotoxins in the edible tissue of fish can be dangerous to consumers' health. Therefore, it is necessary to know the different types of mycotoxins and understand how they are transferred from food to farmed aquatic animals and ultimately to human consumers. Aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin, trichotoxins, zearalenone, and fumonisins are the most important known mycotoxins in aquatic feed. These toxins can cause many pathological damages to aquatic animals, such as reduced growth performance, changes in haematological parameters, histological damages, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and genetic damages. Therefore, in this article, we introduce these compounds and show their effects on aquatic health.

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology in many industries, including aquaculture sector. Although these nanoparticles are widely used in the aquaculture, the increase in their production and use has raised many concerns about their potential toxicity to human health and the environment. Therefore, the present study aims to review the benefits and disadvantages of nanotechnology in aquaculture. This work will provide a comprehensive review to better undestanding of decision-makers in aquaculture section. In this study, the role of nanotechnology and its benefits in various sectors of the aquaculture industry, such as nutrition, reproduction, water purification, fishing and health control of diseases are discussed, and then, the negative effects and toxicity. The use of these materials in rearing systems was evaluated from an ecological and environmental point of view.

Dietary formulations for carnivorous aquatic animals have high levels of protein and fat. This set of nutritional needs is provided by fish powder and fish oil. The supply of these items requires high cost and, on the other hand, in the long run due to the reduction of the amount of fishing and fishing with unpredictable supply problems. Subsequently, the consumption of these items is associated with an increase in the use of aquaculture products in the manufacture of food. These factors have inevitably led to the use of alternative protein sources in aquaculture. The high fat and protein content of terrestrial animal sources has made them suitable for use in aquatic resources. These useful supplies are from several key nutrients, including lysine, amino acids, histidine, arginine and phosphorus. The results showed that poultry by-product meal has nutritional composition and feeding value similar to that of fish meal for fishes. Feed utilization may be reduced slightly (~5%) at high use rates. Meat and bone meal has somewhat lower feeding value than PBM due to deficiency in amino acid content and digestibility. At high rates of substitution, amino acid balance and supplementation must be carefully examined. Diets should be formulated with adequate level of essential fatty acid, regardless the source of protein ingredient.

Aflatoxins are a group of fungal metabolites that are produced by the growth of fungi on food. These toxins cause illness in animals and humans, and are important in economic and humans health. In this investigation, inhibitory effects of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil were evaluated on the growth of Aspergillus flavus in fish food. A gas chromatograph apparatus linked to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used to identify the effective components in Satureja hortensis essential oil after extraction. Essential oils against Aspergillus flavus incubated in PDA media and antifungal properties of essential oil Satureja hortensis was investigated. About of 300g of food samples was weighted and samples were sterilized by autoclave. Fungal suspension (3cc) was spraied into the feed samples, and various concentrations of essential oils (0, 300, 400, 500, 600ppm) added to samples. The samples were incubated at temperature of (±SD) 28±2°C. After 20-40 and 60 days period, randomly, some sampled were taken from containers and the production of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was measured in the laboratory. This result confirms that 500ppm concentrations of oil savory have antifungal properties against Aspergillus flavus.