جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sustainability » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

Based on the goals of sustainable development, a new socio-economic system has emerged, which is known as the shared economy. A shared economy shares resources among people and helps to reduce negative environmental and social effects and costs. Also, the agricultural sector in Iran is prone to negative stability. Therefore, it is necessary to consider strategies to promote and implement the shared economy in the field of agriculture. This study aims to identify the barriers of implementation a shared economy in agriculture in the central plateau of Iran.

This research method is descriptive-survey and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical sample of this research is 15 experts and farmers in the shared farming fields in the central plateau of Iran, who were selected based on judgmental sampling. In this research, based on the review of the research literature, the barriers to establishing shared farms were identified. Then, based on the opinion of the experts, the identified barriers are localized and a decision tree was formed. Next, the matrices of pairwise comparisons were formed at each level of the decision tree. Finally, the barriers were ranked and prioritized based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method using Expert Choice version 11 software.

Based on the results of the research, the barriers to the implementation of shared farms in the central plateau of Iran were prioritized into four groups economic, social, technical, and stakeholders' barriers. Also, based on the results, in order, capital cost, lack of incentives, lack of willingness to change, lack of technology, and lack of communication platforms are identified as the most important sub-barriers to the implementation of shared farms in the central plateau of Iran.

Based on the results of the research and prioritization of the main and sub-main barriers to the implementation of shared farms, economic barriers and in particular, the capital cost, is the most important barriers to the successful implementation of shared farms in the central plateau of Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that the revenue model and the calculation of ROI are carefully calculated and estimated before the start of the shared farming process and explained to the partners. Also, considering the importance of the lack of incentives as a barrier, it is suggested that in order to promote the culture of shared farming and its successful implementation, material incentives (such as financial support and provision of facilities) and spiritual incentives (such as Appreciation of successful shared farming businesses and social incentives) should be more considered.

One of the development policies tailored to the conditions of rural areas is sustainable agricultural tourism. Most countries of the world have considered this type of tourism as a new strategy for the development of rural areas, but the sustainability of agricultural tourism in Iran, especially in Mazandaran province, is doubtful. This descriptive-correlation study was conducted to explain the sustainability of agricultural tourism in the west of Mazandaran province and the variables affecting it. The statistical population of the study was 72 farmers with agricultural tourism sites in the west of Mazandaran province who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was based on theoretical foundations and three Delphi stages through interviews with 21 experts in the field of agricultural tourism in various organizations that were purposefully selected, 86 indicators in the terms of social, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions were identified. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cranach's alpha. The Prescott-Allen five classes were used to evaluate the degree of stability. The results showed that the situation of agricultural tourism in western Mazandaran is unstable. This sustainability in social, cultural and environmental dimensions is almost unstable and economically moderate. Tonekabon city had better stability in three dimensions of social, cultural and environmental than Ramsar and Chalous cities, but this difference was not significant according to ANOVA test. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that the three variables of farm size, history of activity in the field of agricultural tourism and income had the greatest impact on farmer's views regarding the sustainability of agricultural tourism. In order to develop agricultural tourism, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles of sustainability and its various dimensions in order to avoid harm in the direction of sustainable development while enjoying its benefits

in order to improve production situation and income of farmers tends to Cooperatives as a link among rural producers, government and consumers and are suitable tools to achieve the goals of sustainable development. In this study, according to the role of cooperatives in achieving sustainable agricultural development, first the sustainable development index in economic, social, institutional and environmental dimensions among a sample of members of agricultural cooperatives in Sirjan using different items in Likert spectra were evaluated. Then, the factors affecting different dimensions of stability were investigated using Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE).Results shows different dimensions of economic, social, environmental and institutional sustainability are 0.50, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.47, respectively. According to the results of regression estimation, the variable of participation in educational-extension classes has a positive effect on various dimensions of the sustainable development index and interest in agricultural activities on social, institutional and environmental dimensions. In addition, the history of membership in cooperatives affects the social and institutional dimensions. Due to the importance of the role of education in improving the sustainability, it is recommended that agricultural cooperatives prioritize the provision of productive education tailored to the needs of farmers. Despite the severe instability in the institutional and economic dimensions, the government should try to implement supportive policies to strengthen and develop cooperatives so that they can invest in improving the state of infrastructure. Also, by creating sustainable employment and income, strengthen their interest in farming and staying in this high-risk job and bring more sustainability

The purpose of current applied research was to explain the promotional educational factors affecting the sustainability of the supply chain of healthy agricultural products. The research was conducted with a mixed exploratory perspective. The participants of the research in the hierarchical analysis section included 45 experts related to the research topic who were involved in extracting, ranking and weighting the criteria and sub-criteria of sustainable supply chain and determining the importance of educational-extension methods in sustainability of supply chain of healthy agricultural products. Also, in the quantitative section, the statistical population of the study consisted of all farmers participating in training and extension courses related to supply chain management supported by the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam Province in 2020 and 2021 years. The sample size was determined using the sampling table of Bartlett et al. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the apparent and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a group of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by the sequential alpha (α = 0.98). The results of hierarchical analysis showed the most important factors for the sustainability of the supply chain of healthy agricultural products were economic, social, and environmental factors. Also, Result and Method demonstration method was the most appropriate extension training method for the sustainability of the supply chain of healthy agricultural products. Logistic regression analysis revealed that promotional educational factors confirmed 72% of variance of the stability of the supply chain of healthy agricultural products.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of sustainability of livelihoods of rural households in Selseleh city under drought conditions. This research is applied in terms of purpose and data collection. The statistical population of the study was the heads of rural households in Selseleh county (N = 10888). Using Krejcie and Morgan table, the statistical sample size was estimated 379 cases. In order to select the samples, a multi-stage sampling method was employed. The analytical framework used in this study was a sustainable livelihood framework. Stability radar method was used to calculate the level of stability. The results of the research showed that out of the five livelihood capitals, four human, natural, social, and financial capitals are of average level of sustainability. In addition, the results revealed that physical capital is in a potential sustainability state. The final results of measuring the level of sustainability among the sub-counties of Selseleh city indicated that with the highest and lowest scores, Firouzabad and Honam were the most and the least sustainable sub-counties in the studied region, respectively. Based on the findings, it is suggested that more planning be done in order to increase the financial capital and improve the access of rural households to financial resources such as low interest loans and long-term installments. Also, the necessary measures should be taken into consideration to correct the current process of allocating drought credits so that the less fortunate and poor households can benefit from such facilities in a fair way.

This study examined the major effective factors on sustainability and continuity of private extension services from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province based on the Structural Equation Modeling. The population of this study comprised public sector experts who worked in Agricultural Extension Services Centers in Qazvin and Zanjan provinces (N=241). The study sample consisted of 148 public sector experts selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and content validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software based on Partial Least Squares approach. The findings showed that the infrastructure, education & extension, and economic factors had the most positive and significant effect on the sustainability and continuity of private extension activities from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province, respectively. Due to the impact of the infrastructure factor, the organization of private extension network by the Agricultural Jihad Organization at first and the implementation of supportive policies to set up consulting start-ups such as information, education and culture to accept the culture of private promotion in the region, and accept A portion of the private promotion fee is offered.

Social capital is seen as the cornerstone of the endogenous development of a society in general and rural society in particular. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the canonical correlation between social capital dimensions and sustainability components of pluriactive rice farmers' activity in the Haraz plain watershed of Iran. It was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey study in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included all pluriactive rice farmers in the plain. Due to the lack of proper database, the snowball sampling method was used for sampling; finally, 182 concerned farmers were identified and participated in the study. The results showed that the relationship between the canonical variables of social capital and sustainability of pluriactive rice farmers' activity was 0.41; also, 17 percent of the variance of the sustainability of pluriactive rice farmers' activity was explained by the social capital canonical variable.Therefore, the higher the level of cognitive and structural components among pluriactive rice farmers, the higher the level of ecological, social and economic sustainability.

Planning for sustainable tourism development in the villages, following the increase in tourists in rural areas, is necessary. In this regard, this study aimed at estimating the carrying capacity of the local community towards the development of rural tourism. The data analysis was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included experts related to the subject of research and residents (local community) of Kandolus Village of Noshahr County in Iran. Method of determining the carrying capacity of the local community was adapted from the Battelle environmental evaluation system frequently used for environmental impact assessment and the limits of acceptable change. Two maps including Barometer of Tourism Sustainability (BTS) and AMOEBA of Tourism Sustainability Indicators (ATSI) were also used to show the level of sustainability of the tourism destination. The study results showed that based on the classification of sustainability barometer of Prescott-Allen and according to the obtained parameter (0.609), the carrying capacity of the local community was relatively stable within the range of 0.61-0.80 category.

Nowadays, wetlands are indispensable ecosystems and play a crucial role on the stability of cosystems in future. Considering the importance of sustainable management of the saline wetlands and their impacts, participatory patterns of sustainability management of the saline wetlands in the plain of Masileh in Qom province is discussed in this paper. The population of this study includes all experts in Agriculture Organization of Qom province, Qom Regional Water Company and all Environmental Protection Department experts, Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Qom, as well as the Subsidiary Department of these organizations that are located in Qom and Qomrud counties (the area of the Masileh Plain). The sample of the study are 251 experts, based on Cochran, selected through simple random sampling. Two section questionnaires were utilized for data collection, including participatory management section and sustainability section. The reliability of Questionnaire was measured through pre-test and analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Meanwhile, the research committee confirms the validity of the questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test and path analysis were used through SPSS and Lisrel softwares for analyzing the data. The results showed that social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability have significant and positive effects on the participatory management. In addition, the role of interest groups (consultation, intervention in planning, intervention in decision-making, motivation, independence, communication and individual rights) have significant and positive effects on the social, environmental, and economic sustainability.

Environmental crises, degradation of natural resources and reduction of social, economic and environmental capital in the fields of agriculture and natural resources show that man in the face of nature, has gone beyond the limits of morality. This study aimed to analyze ethical considerations among farmers in Sonqur County of Kermanshah province in Iran using the theory of fuzzy logic. The statistical population of the study consisted of farmers in eight sub-districts of the county (N=18917); and among them, based on Morgan’s sampling table, 375 farmers were selected as the sample in a two-stage cluster sampling method. The fuzzy logic method and MATLAB software were used to classify the sub-districts in terms of ethicality. The study findings showed that in the field of environmental ethics, all of the farmers of the studied sub-districts with the high degree of membership were at the low ethical level; and in terms of agricultural ethics, Abbarik (33.8) and Satar (37.9) sub-districts with high degree of membership were at the moderate ethical level and other sub-districts with various degrees of membership were placed at low level; and overall, in terms of environmental-agricultural ethics, Satar (43.5), Abbarik (38.8), Gaverood (33.6), Bavaleh (32.5) and Agahan (32.3) sub-districts, respectively, were ranked in the first to fifth positions and with high membership degree were placed at the moderate level and other sub-districts with high membership degree were placed at the low level of ethicality. Accordingly, the study findings and the proved possibility of applying the fuzzy logic in the field of agricultural ethics suggested that the decisions made on the basis of this model could be included in the agenda of managers and planners of agricultural development; in this regard, some suggestions were provided by this study.

Serious problems arising from unethical behaviors in agriculture have further highlighted the importance of institutionalizing ethical agriculture. Because farmers are the most important cause of unethical behaviors in agricultural activities, paying attention to their practices and educating them on how to achieve ethical farming have now become an important goal. There are several ways to reach agreement among all agricultural stakeholders to develop environmental protection programs in agriculture. However, one of the most applicable methods for this purpose is the responsive evaluation method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a guideline for changing the information, insights, and skills of all relevant stakeholders in Talboume village in Khuzestan province. The farmers were from Talboume village of Bavi city and out of them 15 persons were selected using snowball sampling. The interveners were Bavi County Agricultural Jihad Management Experts and Bavi Central Provincial Personnel and from whom five samples were selected to participate in the research process. The results of the study identified the reduction of power differences among stakeholders, improved interaction, and fitness in action theories of stakeholder as the three main pillars for changing core beliefs and the implementation of Double loop Learning. The operational model of the study confirmed that both villagers and other interventionists undeniably need training and learning in order to achieve ethical behavior with the environment. In order to achieve this type of learning, farmers' field visits to production units adhering to the principles of ethical farming are recommended as the method of demonstrating results.

Rural tourism is one of the most important strategies of rural development and at the same time, its environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability is emphasized. Thus, this study aimed at assessing and analyzing the tourism implications for Ovan village of Roodbar Alamout region in Qazvin province of Iran. It was conducted in a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was consisted of rural households in Ovan village (N=136); out of them, 100 household members were selected based on Morgan and Krejcie table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was acquired by conducting a pilot study and calculation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.9). Data analysis was done through an exploratory factor analysis technique. The results revealed that the positive implications of tourism might be categorized into the eight factors including improvement of rural housing (11.76 percent), improvement of physical structure of the village (10.51 percent), cultural development (9.51 percent), health development (7.65 percent), economic development (7.20 percent), improvement of rural industries (7.11 percent), increase in awareness (6.55 percent), and employment generation (5.30 percent), which explained 65.62 percent of total variances; in addition, the negative implications of tourism were identified in the five factors including environmental visual pollution (14.52 percent), increase in social abnormalities (13.39 percent), destruction of natural resources (11.48 percent), change in use (10.80 percent), and change in local culture (10.15 percent), which explained 60.36 percent of total variances.

This qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of which 20 persons were selected using the purposive sampling method and snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data collection process was continued until reaching theoretical saturation or usefulness threshold of available information. The software of MAXQDA 11 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the main dimensions of the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses were economic sustainability (including financial performance, self-reliance and financial independence, customer and market performance, and innovation and business development), social sustainability (including social communications and interactions, social responsibility and mutual social trust) and environmental sustainability (including sustainable and healthy production, conservation and optimal utilization of environmental resources and waste management). Additionally, the results of the study indicated that the main factors affecting the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province were intra-organizational factors (including family and personal factors of the manager, marketing factors, economic-financial factors, production factors and product characteristics, factors related to business characteristics and communication and information factors) and extra-organizational factors (including political-legal, infrastructural-supportive and factors related to extension interventions).

Sustainability and safety of agricultural products, particularly horticultural products, have a great importance in human nutrition community and can be a major factor on protection of sources and improving human health. The purpose of this study was to explain effective factors on sustainability of horticulture sector in Urmia County. This research based on aim is applied, on the basis of data collection is a library and field research with descriptive - survey type. The sample population consisted of 130 people from Gardeners were selected by using Morgan table. Multistage sampling was used to determine samples. The research instrument was consisted of researcher-made questionnaire that its validity confirmed with a supervisor, advisor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability of different sections and its value was determined 0.87. Based on the findings, most of Gardeners about 41.5% had bachelor degree or higher. The average of work experience of gardening work among respondents was about 23 years and 77.7% of them had gardening work as their primary occupation. The results of factor analysis showed that effective factors on sustainability of horticulture sector in Urmia county can be classified in 7 factors, that totally explained 80.8% variance of effective factors.