جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "barriers" در نشریات گروه "منابع طبیعی"

The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of methodology and has a qualitative-quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of two groups. The first group was experts and experts in rural cooperative affairs, which was conducted with 15 people using a targeted sampling method. The second group of managers and members of the board of directors of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city in 2021 were 120 people, and due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used to collect information. Collecting and collecting data and information was done in the form of documents and field. Data analysis was done using exploratory factor analysis technique and with the help of Spss22 software. The results of the research showed that the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city were classified in the form of seven social-cultural factors, structural, economic, managerial, political, organizational-supportive and service characteristics, and the first factor is called cultural. - Social and by explaining 11.41% of the variance changes, it was introduced as the most important factor, which is the low professional knowledge of the cooperative members, the differences in the amount of members and cooperative elements, the low spirit of responsibility among the cooperative members, including The variables located in this factor were Based on the obtained results, the problems summarized in seven factors explained about 62% of the total variance changes. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to raise the awareness of the members through holding empowerment workshops regarding the nature and function of cooperatives, principled and realistic planning based on the needs of cooperatives .

Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households in the Central and Zeberkhan Districts of Nishapur County. The research method was a descriptive-analytic documentary field research. The required data were collected by completing village and household questionnaires and completing the field observation form. Rural households living in the study area (33041 households) constitute the statistical population of this study and the sample size has been determined using the Cochran's formula, 373 heads of households. Data analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by Expert Choice software. Statistical and spatial analyses were carried out by SPSS and ArcGIS. The findings showed that there were sever or extremely sever barriers and limitations to the economic empowerment of 49.3% of the studied households. On the other hand, the results of comparing the average level of influence of the factors in the occurrence or intensification of barriers and limitations of economic empowerment of rural households confirm that indicators related to the lack of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.1733, low income and uncertainty of its stability with a coefficient of 0.1661 and the weakness of resources and the inadequacy of production methods with a coefficient of 0.0501, are the most influential factors in the occurrence or intensification of obstacles and restrictions, respectively.

In recent years, the production of greenhouse vegetables in Iran, has grown steadily due to water resources constraints. Among all the provinces of Iran, south of Kerman province, has been assigned the second place of cultivation area and production of greenhouse vegetables. Considering this importance, it has been tried to study the current status of greenhouse vegetables (cucumber and tomato) as well as problems of the producers in this area, in the present study. The research was based on descriptive and survey method. The statistical population was 1629 greenhouse vegetables producers with a license started during 2016-17 among which 88 producers were selected using Cochran formula and stratified cluster sampling method. The evaluation tool was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability for different parts of the questionnaire was obtained between 0.63 to 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Garrett ranking technique was used to achieve the research objectives. The descriptive results of the study showed that, price fluctuations, lack of proper sales market and intermediation, respectively were the most important problems and barriers in the south of Kerman province. Therefore, in order to promote the production of these vegetables, it is suggested to address the marketing problems and lack of financial resources of the producers, instead of emphasizing on the technical aspects of production.

The overall goal of this study was to investigate the barriers to advance organic farming in Hormozgan province from the perspective of farmers and agricultural experts are Bastak city. Methods, survey research and descriptive – correlational. The research included 100 farmers and agricultural experts in 1393 who were selected randomly. The main research tool was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed by surveys of experts and SPSS software. In this study, three factors inhibiting the advance organic farming from the perspective of farmers and experts examined the factors include economic barriers, obstacles and barriers to knowledge and information is insight. Results indicated that economic barriers in priority. Also there is significant positive correlation between economic barriers and to the advance organic farming. The results of vision barriers is the same.In this study, the professional profile and advance the process of organic farming from the perspective of farmers and experts there. Age has a negative correlation with organic farming. Education and familiarity with organic farming, had significant positive correlation.

The present study was aimed at analyzing the barriers against wheat farmer's participation in the formation of water users association within the framework of a descriptive survey. The sample of this study included 375 wheat farmers in Dez irrigation system who were selected through random cluster sampling and were studied through a questionnaire. The reliability index of this questionnaire was estimated to be 0.89. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and scholars in the field. After the participants filled the questionnaires and the data were collected, the SPSS software package was used to analyze the data. In addition, the results of factor analysis related to the items of barriers led to the extraction of four barriers. These barriers, in order of importance, include the lack of proper infrastructures and economic facilities, social barriers, inadequate structural characteristics and lack of risk-taking, local organizations and lack of attention to extension activities that explain 60.78 percent of the variance of all the barriers.

The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative survey was to identify and analyze the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in rural development cooperatives of the Zanjan Province. The statistical population of the subjects under study consisted of all of the main members of administrative boards in the cooperatives of the Zanjan Province (N= 335). According to the Bartlett et al. (2001) table, a sample size of 120 was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was higher than 0.75. The descriptive results showed that four variables had the highest priority. These include the strict rules for payment of loans by public and private banks to cooperatives; lack of adequate capital in the cooperatives and their lack of access to credit and financial resources; shortcomings in labor laws and lack of necessary context for group activities and team work in the cooperatives. The results of factor analysis revealed that four factors namely, structural, environmental, cognitive- knowledge, lack of effective organizational culture, lack of support and individual explained 61.38 percent of the total variances of the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in cooperatives.