جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « لاله واژگون » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

The genus Fritillaria is recognized as a medicinal and ornamental plant with various pharmaceutical active ingredients, which have been used in traditional medicine. Isosteroidal alkaloids are the major bioactive components in Fritillaria imperialis which include antihypertensive, anticholinergic, antitumour, antiasthmatic and antitussive activities. SQS is a membrane-bound enzyme that plays an important regulatory role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we identified SQS with a key role in the biosynthesis of the Iso steroidal alkaloids by selecting Crown Imperia transcriptome profile. There was high sequence similarity with other flowering plant genes, such as Fritillaria thunbergii, Phoenix dactylifera, Fritillaria unibracteata in the NCBI database using Blastx. The result of alignment with clustal w showed that these sequences were been matched in the conserved region. The results of promoter analysis have shown that it includes responsive elements to light, drought, jasmonic acid, auxin, core promoter element, enhancer and the other elements. The presence of these regulatory elements plays a key role in regulating gene expression in different developmental stages responding to environmental and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Finally, expression patterns of SQS in different tissue (leaf, bulb, anther, ovary, sepal, petal and fruit) were assessed in three developmental stages including stem elongation stage, flower development and seed head stage based by qPCR analysis. It suggests that the important role of FiSQS in F.imperialis secondary metabolites biosynthetic. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for SQS expression level in different tissue and during three developmental stages in, F.imperialis.

There are several limitations in reproduction of Fritilaria imperilais using tissue tissue culture, lamination and bulb division. In this study, we designed a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block for evaluating the effects of several treatments such as cold duration (0, 4 and 8 weeks), concentrations of GA3 (0, 250 and 500 ppm) and application time in three steps (before, during and after stratification). The results showed that the seeds were highly germinated using 8 weeks stratification compares to others. Moreover, 500ppm gibberllin before stratifications significantly increased percentage of germination, Vigor Index Ι, length of radical, plumule, seedling and seedling dry weight, however significantly decreased E50. The results also showed that increasing the GA3 from 250 to 500ppm had significantly positive effect on all the traits. This study indicates that 8 weeks stratification along with 500ppm is more likely to increase the germination index of Fritilaria imperilais.

Fritillaria imperialis is one of the valuable medicinal and ecotourism species in Zagros region. While germination and establishment of this plant are problematic, seed priming may increase germination capacity of this plant. This research was designed in two separate experiments. First experiment was done to find the effects of osmopriming on dormancy break of seed as factorial in randomized complete block design with 4 replicate. Experimental factors included duration of stratification (4 and 8 weeks), osmotic potential created with PEG (-3, -6, -9 and -12 bar), and duration of priming (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours). The results showed that potential of -12 bar during 12h and 8 weeks stratification affected germination percentage, germination rate, length of seedling and vigor index (Ι and II) significantly but were not effective in reducing the need for stratification. The second experiment was conducted to study effects of osmotic potential and priming duration on improving germination traits after breaking dormancy. According to data analysis, effect of potential and priming duration on all of the mentioned traits were significant and improved.

Iran is home of one of the most delightful and graceful flower of Fritillaria in the world. Its habitation is commonly expanded on the vast areas: growing in beds, borders, backgrounds and rock gardens. Besides, it is also suitable for naturalizing and excellent for cut flowers. Fritillaria imperialis as a medicinal plant has pharmaceutical purpose in which possesses a health beneficial essence that used in production of mucus and cough medicine. In addition, extractions of plant tissues contain certain of properties which affect to reduce blood pressure and blood sugar. Unfortunately, the habitation of this ornamental plant is under threat and majority of its habitation already being to ruin due to human activities and urbanization. The propagation of Fritillaria through offsets (bulblets) is prolonging approach which takes approximately 3-4 years. Whereas, using tissue culture technique for flower production is required less time probably within a few months and economically has a huge advantage due to low cost and a numerous plant production in a short time.
This research was carried out in four experiments: callus formation, bulblet production, root formation and acclimatization. In the present study, a factorial experiment was assigned as completed randomized design (CRD) with three replications. In the first experiment, leaf primordia and scale explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and IBA in order to produce callus formation. In the second experiment, the calli were cultured on organogenesis medium which were contained MS medium supplement, with kin. and TDZ, after 6 and 12 weeks. In the third experiment, the bulblets were transferred into rooting media, which were contained MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l). In the fourth experiment, after washing the bulblet whit warm distilled water (40ᵒC) that contain 2.0 mg/l benlate fungicide, they then were planted into the pots containing sterilized perlite, cocopeat and perlite along with cocopeat.
In the first experiment, the results demonstrated that the highest weight of callus (3.29g) was sustained in scale explants on basal MS medium which was supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA along with 0.5mg/l IBA. In second experiment, the result indicated that the numerous of bulblets were developed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l TDZ along with 0.5mg/l kin. Which of these, the callus scale were produced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA. In the third experiment, in order to retain rooting the bulblets, they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of NAA. The result elucidated that the large quantity of roots (7.7) were obtained from leaf primordia on MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l NAA. In the fourth experiment, rooted bulblets were washed with warm distilled water for 5-10min, and then they were transferred into pots with perlite, cocopeat and perlite cocopeat.
The results revealed information that the rooted bulblets from scale growing on cocopeat substrate had retained the most diameter (21.64mm) as compared to other treatments. The finding results under this investigation strongly suggested that using micropropagation it is definitely a possible trend to abolish the barriers which caused to deteriorate of Fritillaria imperiallis.

Micropropagation is the best approach to propagation of Fritillaria and prevention of its extinguishing. The effects of auxin and cytokinin combinations on callus and bulblet production using explants taken from daughter bulb scale of two fritillary clones collected from Arjan and Koohrang plains of Fars province were studied.
For this purpose, 3 types of growth regulator combinations containing three levels of NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) with one of the cytokines (2ip, Kinetin and TDZ) at three levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2 mg L-1) were applied. The base medium was MS containing 4.5 percent sucrose and 8 g/l agar. To evaluate the effects of these factors, experimental design of completely randomized factorial with 4 replications and 5 explants per repeat was used.
Micropropagation is the best approach to propagation of Fritillaria and prevention of its extinction. The effects of auxin and cytokinin combinations on callus and bulbletproduction using explants taken from daughterbulb scale of two fritillary clones collected from Arjan and Koohrang plains of Fars province were studied.
For this purpose, 3 types of growth regulator combinations containing three levels of NAA (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) with one of the cytokines (2ip, Kinetin and TDZ) at three levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) were applied. The base medium was MS containing 4.5 percent sucrose and 8 g/l agar. To evaluate the effects of these factors, an experimental design of completely randomized factorial with 4 replications and 5 explants per repeat was used.
Analysis of data revealed that the kinetin and 2ip had no significant effect on callus induction percentage while TDZ was significant on this parameter. The highest callus production was observed in medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 NAA combined with 0.5 mg L-1 TDZ. Using this treatment, 60 percent of explants produced the callus. The most number of direct and indirect regenerated bulblets were recorded in medium complemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg L-1 Kinetin. The mean of 5.5 bulbletper explants was obtained in this treatment.
Considering the effectiveness and cost of NAA and environmental issues, its lower concentration is recommended for bulblet regeneration in this plant.

Fritillaria imperialis is a mono-cotyledon plant from the Liliaceae family that grows wild in some parts of Iran. Fritillaria is a medicinal plant، in addition to being a beautiful flower. Due to the uncontrolled harvesting of flower and bulbs، Fritillaria survival is threatened in some areas in Iran. Fritillaria can be propagated by seed. In favorite condition. Its propagation by seed and production of flower-beating bulbs takes about 6 years. In addition، plants grown from seed would not be like their parents due mainly to occurrence of cross-polination. Mass propagation of Fritillaria through conventional methods such as bulb culture is not efficient. Thus، its in vitro propagation as a criteria for preserving this valuable plant in its natural habitats was studied. We investigated direct embryogenesis of sterilized bulbs scale segments in MS medium at the presence of different plant growth regulators including NAA، IAA، TDZ، Kinetin and BA and the combination of kinetin and NAA in different concentrations. The highest number of direct somatic bulblets (8. 33 bulblets)، the biggest bulblets (26 mm) and the greatest number of roots (8 roots) were formed in 2 mg/L NAA. The least direct bulblet somatic generation was observed in TDZ treatments، bulblets formed tended to produce callus instead of growing. In the medium containing BA hormone no bulblet was produced. In conclusion، the results of this study revealed that propagation of Fritillaria imperialis is possible through in vitro culture by using 2 mg/L NAA.

To evaluate the genetic diversity of native populations of Crown Imperial (Fritillaria imperialis L.) in Zagross region, ISSR molecular along with 32 morphological traits were employed. A number of 160 samples corresponding to eight Zagross populations distributed in six provinces were collected and assessed. Using six primers, 57 bands were totally produced from which 49 were polymorphic. Mean percentage of polymorphism was 85.6% and mean number of polymorphic bands per assay unit was equal to 8.17%. Mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was 0.31. In dendrogram produced as based on Jacard Similarity Coefficients and UPGMA grouping method, all the populations were organized into distinct clusters denoting efficiency of the employed primers in production of suitable fragments along the genome. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and its partitioning among and within populations were analyzed for eight populations of F.imperialis either with or without regional structures. Variations among and within populations were 44.05% and 55.95% of the total variations, respectively. Regional grouping couldnt cover any part of total variance. Morphological dendrogram didn’t show an obvious pattern regarding a distinction of populations from each other. Correlation between morphological and molecular similarity matrixes wasn’t observed as significant (r= 0.25).

Crown imperial, (Fritillaria imperialis) has a limited distribution in some regions of the world. Manesht protected area in Ilam is one of the most important natural habitats of F. imperialis. This research presents a case study to understand the living environment of F. imperialis by Ellenberg table and field studies for site management and planning. In order to achieve better accuracy in site study, Ellenberg table was used. Ellenberg table values constitute a relative scale of optima per species with regard to soil acidity, moisture and nitrogen, ligth and temperature based on field studies. The study was performed based on the plant existing environment. Conditions such as elevation, geographic aspect, climatic factors (annual rainfall and temperature), soil acidity, nitrogen companion vegetation were identified. Feild and lab studies and overlaying the existing location of F. imperialis on digitized maps showed that this plant grows on elevations (1800 – 2000 meters), only northward (light: moderate), annual temperature (18 – 20˚C) , annual rainfall (600 – 750 mm/year), soil pH: 7/85 and N: 0.55% and companian vegetation were Quercus persica, Pistacia mutica, Daphne mucronata, Cirsium arvense, Euphorbia helioscopia, Lonicera nummulariifolia, Acer monspessulanum, Crataegus azarolus and Capsella bursa-pastoris. Comparison of the results with Ellenberg table showed that general results are close to the Ellenberg table.