جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بهینه سازی انرژی" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The aim of this research is to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of climate parameters in Shiraz’s urban design and architecture with a focus on energy management. For this purpose, Climate Consultant software was used; this software can display and graphically examine climatic features and uses a strong and documented database called EPW in the time step of long-term hourly averages for radiation data, dry temperature, soil temperature at different depths, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. Determining the level of comfort and providing energy-saving strategies in different climate zones are among the important capabilities of this tool. The results showed that the months of January, February, and December are completely outside the range of thermal comfort, and the most comfortable conditions are in the radiation range of 800 to 900 W/m2 with a temperature range of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. According to the psychometric chart, 10.1% of the hours of the year are in complete comfort conditions, and reaching comfort conditions in other hours and days of the year requires the use of different strategies. The ideal thickness for the mass of the walls is estimated to be 4 to 5 inches with optimal materials (brick, concrete, and stone), and it is better for the mass of the inner wall to be denser than the outer wall. It is very convenient to use massive structures with small holes that perform night ventilation. Ceiling fans can reduce indoor temperature by at least 2.8 degrees Celsius. Flat roofs with light colors are the most suitable option, and in designs with courtyards, the presence of small ponds is very effective in cooling the adjacent rooms. Interior spaces and doors can be used to promote natural cross-ventilation. Also, to protect privacy, the design of air-flow jump channels can be used. By shading the windows in line with the direction of the prevailing wind, natural ventilation can reduce or even eliminate the need for cooling facilities

Problem Statement: 

Global climate change is garnering increasing attention as a critical issue. Governments and organizations have implemented numerous effective measures to mitigate its impact and continue to do so. Constructing zero-energy homes necessitates a range of strategies, particularly applicable in warm climates. This study aims to outline key strategies for erecting highly efficient structures in hot regions, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and fostering sustainable, zero-energy buildings.

Significance and Need: 

Investigating climate-adaptive solutions for zero-energy buildings in hot climates is imperative. The research seeks to facilitate energy-efficient housing in warm regions, benefiting current and future residents.

The primary goal is to achieve zero-energy homes in hot climates by regulating shade, humidity, and temperature differentials between day and night. The research aims to minimize energy demand in warm climate dwellings.

Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, data were gathered through literature review, articles, and field studies. Strategies utilized in zero-energy homes in Qatar were examined to inform the research.

The study delineates strategies converting single-family homes in hot regions into zero-energy structures. Limited empirical research exists for hot climates, prompting this study to bridge the knowledge gap regarding energy performance in such dwellings. Further exploration of these factors could inform future investigations.

Cooling systems in hot and arid climate buildings play a significant role in climate change due to their high water and energy consumption. Although evaporative coolers are effective at cooling the space, they are often uncontrollable and ineffective during periods of low cooling demand, which can result in overcooling of the indoor space. Previous studies have paid less attention to reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling systems. Therefore, a study has been conducted to propose a hybrid cooling system for reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling of buildings in hot and arid climates. This study aims to add new features to the existing cooling system in hot and arid climates, transforming it into a more suitable cooling system that can significantly reduce water and energy consumption while improving indoor thermal conditions.

This study was conducted on a sample residential building in the hot and arid climate of Yazd City for five days (24 hours per day in August and September). The building had a 3D panel structure, which acted as an insulator. A field study was conducted during the summer season in two similar rooms. Environmental indicators, such as temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and water consumption by the evaporative cooler, were measured using relevant devices. The experiment consisted of two stages: evaluating the initial state of the rooms and assessing the performance of the evaporative cooler and hybrid system compared to one-sided natural ventilation.

When the rooms were examined for uniformity, among the three tested states, one-sided natural ventilation and evaporative cooling based on natural ventilation had little effect on reducing the space temperature, and only the evaporative cooler had an effective role in reducing the room's temperature. By using the evaporative cooler for 24 hours, on average, the temperature reduction was 8°C compared to the one-sided natural ventilation, and the relative humidity increased by 23%. The measurements indicated that during a 24-hour period, the evaporative cooler consumed 290 liters of water and 10kWh of electricity.

The performance of evaporative cooling systems was compared to one-sided natural ventilation as the base case. The proposed hybrid system achieved an average temperature reduction of 5.5 °C and an increase in relative humidity of 16-18 % compared to the one-sided natural ventilation. While the hybrid system had lower temperature fluctuations compared to the evaporative cooler, on average, the temperature decreased more and the relative humidity increased more with the use of the evaporative cooler. By examining the effect of this issue on the room, the evaporative cooler's performance was excessive most of the time, making it unsuitable for providing thermal comfort. In contrast, the hybrid system provided better thermal comfort than the evaporative cooler in most hours, even with an outdoor environment temperature ranging from 32°C to 30°C. Using the hybrid system instead of the evaporative cooler can reduce electricity consumption by 74% and water consumption by 96%. In other words, it reduced water consumption to 10 liters/day and electricity consumption to 2.6 kWh. Importantly, this system is designed with auxiliary fans and components related to the evaporative cooler, and it can be easily implemented as a simple and low-cost solution with high performance and a low payback period without creating limitations in the design. Therefore, it will be a suitable replacement for current mechanical evaporative cooling systems for the afternoon, evening, and early morning hours (between 18:00 to 08:00) in warm summer and spring months.

A large part of Iran is located in a hot and dry climate and due to it, has a high amount of sun absorption. Indoor temperature comfort systems play a major role in energy consumption in various parts of the building, and by applying passive design methods such as solar chimneys can help maintain comfortable thermal conditions in buildings and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a thermal performance evaluation of the temperature distribution was performed by Design Builder simulation program in a building with office use in Kerman. Is. Then, by applying the chimney form variables, temperature changes and thermal comfort were studied at different angles to improve the effectiveness of solar chimneys at angles of 40 to 90 degrees in 10 degree steps relative to the horizon by solving the parameters of average air velocity and The volumetric flow rate of the flow was determined and finally, using the fluid dynamics (CFD) method of Design Builder software, the temperature distribution and the flow of air were investigated. Percentage can optimize the total energy consumption by about 16% and increase the thermal comfort index from its average value in July from 2.97 units to 2.25 units. Meanwhile, the average value of thermal comfort index in January has risen from -2.93 to -2.24 and its values ​​are closer to the standard range of Ashrae 55 and ISO 7730. However, an independent solar chimney is not able to meet the thermal comfort significantly in extreme hot weather,, and other solutions are needed to provide proper ventilation.

Bank buildings are considered as one of the most energy consuming centers despite its important role in urban sustainable design and architecture. This research has attempted to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing Green Architecture characteristics and the principles of climate compatible architecture on reducing the amount of energy consumption in a central bank building. In pursuit of this purpose, the building was renovated by considering the principles and characteristics of green architecture and hot and dry climate-compatible architecture, for example, changing the plumping systems, replacing the old cooling towers with low consumption, high life span towers, creating concrete pools to save water and collect rain water, constructing the necessary foundations for using solar panels, building and providing green spaces, and using intelligent lighting system, insulating panels, and local materials and resources. In the next stage, Design Builder software and other field studies such as monitoring energy bills were used to measure the effectiveness of this renovation on the matter of decreasing energy consumption of this bank building were studied. The findings of Design Building and the analysis indicate that the performed renovations have led to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, have decreased the annual consuming fuel and the consumption of electricity and gas. Moreover, the climate related findings show that the annual fuel breakdown have improved in the renovated building in comparison with the old building. As a result, it can be said that applying the characteristics of green architecture and observing the principles of climate compatible architecture leave significant influences on reduction of energy consumption and leads to the comfort and welfare among the bank staffs and customers.

Given that the government intends to serve out the second phase of the project is targeted subsidies And also one of the most widely used program, energy agencies and state enterprises are most common, In this paper, we explore economic solutions to reduce energy consumption Jask for residential buildings that are owned by Iranian police (as the case study), pay. In general, one of the sources of energy waste in buildings, the external wall of the building is Use insulation and double-glazed windows can be effective. Firstly, the amount of energy wasted in buildings calculated The insulated state in both night and day compared Finally, calculate the difference in costs between state and non-insulated and insulated building Using Excel for Engineering Economics and Economic Assessment strategies are discussed. Calculations show that the cost optimization measures Jask optimization and building insulation to reduce energy loss, which is followed by most of the cost benefit makes. Taking the annual inflation rate of 10% and 15% to the cost of electricity, cost less than 39.16 and 44.31 percent interest rate there.

The energy consumption of the buildings is highly dependent on the specifications of its envelope. Windows have a significant effect on the thermal specification of the building envelope, because of their high thermal conductivity and direct solar transmittance. Hence, specifying the best window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is very important in all climates. This study aims to specify the effective variables on optimizing the window-to-wall ratio for the southern façade in Kerman, based on the thermal specifications of the building envelope. The research method is a combination of field surveys and software simulations. In the field survey method, window to south façade ratio of 26 single-spaces in 16 traditional residential and educational buildings in Kerman were measured, drawn, and analyzed. The results showed that the window-to-wall ratio of 5% to 15% had the most frequency in the surveyed samples. In the software simulation method, window and wall heat transfer coefficients were analyzed rather than SHGC (solar heat gain coefficient), and their effects on annual load were determined. Finally, the 30% ratio was specified as the most efficient window-to-wall ratio for the southern façade in Kerman. According to the results, it can be concluded that if the only thermal analysis is considered, the optimum window-to-wall ratio in the southern façade in Kerman is 15% while using the single glazed window; and it is 30% while using the double glazed window if the SHGC is not less than 0.4. The results also revealed a high dependency on the buildings’ annual thermal load to windows’ SHGC. So, finally, modifications were proposed in the 9th appendix of Code 19, to include the SHGC factor.

Special attention on controlling energy consumption in different scales become increasingly important nowadays and a more comprehensive review on urban planning can be effective to achieve energy efficiency targets in this level. Germany has found its place as one of successful countries in improving energy efficiency in architecture and urban planning on a worldwide scale. Recognizing organizational system and its application in urban planning can be helpful for similar activities in Iran. In order to achieve the right result, assessment of defects and difficulties in optimizing energy consumption is essential. The approach used in this research is a comparative case study. The library sources and collected information from online credible sources is used in research process. After collecting the data and a review on similar examples, urban planning system of both countries, Germany and Iran, will be introduced. In a comparative case study, the causes of failure in Iran are described and research hypotheses are developed. The results obtained in this study indicate that the main differences in urban planning of Iran and Germany, on one hand can be in urban planning system and participation of non-governmental organizations, and on the other hand can be the lack of related topics of energy efficiency in urban planning documents. In a comprehensive and large scale overview, the ineffectiveness of activities in energy planning can be related to the lack of a national master plan to coordinate all organizational bodies of power in Iran. In surveying aforesaid, attempts are taken to eliminate defects in order to improve decision-making and organizing urban planning system properly, while introducing a framework to strengthen optimizing energy consumption program in Iran. In this regard, a framework has been provided to continue the researches in urban planning and energy consumption by emphasizing on Germany’s experiences which can be utilized as a sample of leading countries experiences in achievement of energy efficiency goals.