جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عطار نیشابوری" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The myth of sacrifice is one of the rituals that existed in all societies and in different forms. It is also closely related to the culture and customs of each nation. Balagandari, like many myths, plays a vital role in people's lives. In the belief of the nations, various methods have been used to survive the calamities and destroy them. The sacrifice ceremony is one of these evidences that was used in the form of bloodshed and non-bloodshed. In this research, which was carried out using a descriptive analytical method and based on library studies, the sacrifice myth in Attar's poetic works is compared with Ismail's sacrifice in the illustrated version of the stories of the Prophets. The results of the investigations show that the myth of the sacrifice in these works of Attar's poetry, like other mystical texts, has been transformed and used in an internal, mental and spiritual way. Of course, in a number of stories, animals such as cows are offered as a material sacrifice, and in some of them it is symbolic. In mystical belief, the seeker must overcome obstacles to reach the main destination, and in Attar's mind, the mystic or the lover seeks sacrifice for a sustainable life. By sacrificing his unbridled ego, he strives for spiritual upliftment and attaining sensual peace and being close to the truth. Attar has paved the way with the language of code, allegory and the expression of myths.

Intertextual theory is a new phenomenon in the West, but old and deep-rooted in Islamic literature. The use of words, themes and concepts of the verses of the Holy Quran in literary works is one of the most interesting topics in literary criticism. Attar's poems have many intertextual occasions that can be studied according to the intertextual approach in order to be influenced by the concepts of Quranic verses. In this research, using the analytical-comparative method, we have examined the aspects of Attar Neyshabouri's poems being influenced by the words, compositions, interpretations, concepts and themes of Quranic verses at the levels of implicit, propositional, and lexical effectiveness. With Quranic verses, allusive and lexical effects are more frequent.Purpose of the researchInvestigating the intertextual relations of Attar Neyshabouri's poems with Quranic verses.

Research questions:

1- Which type of intertextual relations is most used in Attar Neyshabouri's poems?2- What is the main purpose of Attar Neyshabouri in using other texts among his poems?3- How did Attar use Quranic concepts and themes in his poems?

Attar Nishaburi uses different narrations and allegories in Asrar-Nameh, Ilahi-Nameh, Mosibat- Nameh, and Mantiq-ut-Tayr versified stories to share intelligence and wisdoms that he names “countless treasures”. Using animal symbols and animal characters are important parts of these narrations. By employing a variety of animals and their characteristics, Attar conveys his ideas and concepts. In addition to gaining a deeper insight into Attar’s thoughts, surveying, describing, and analyzing these animals and their characteristics help us to improve our knowledge about the dialogues based on animals’ characteristics in his era and better comprehend his contemporaneous view regarding animals, especially in the Greater Khorasan. Using a descriptiveanalytical method, this article attempts to investigate Attar’s fourfold versified stories and state the characteristics of the mentioned animals in the narrations, after extracting their names. The study indicates that Attar used different resources including stories in Koran Karim, descriptive texts, aphorisms and traditions related to prophets and scholars, fiction-slangy stories, and scientific-quasi as well as scientific sources to describe the animals and their characteristics. Of course, he only uses the animals’ characteristics that he finds useful to express his ideas. In some cases, he is not concerned about being loyal to the references; he rather adds new characteristics to the animals that are controversial to the references.

Sheikh Sanan is amongst one of the oldest stories in Persian literature which is also considered as one of the well-known narrations of Atar’s Mantegh al Teyr. This allegoric story is full of theological concepts which painters from various eras especially during the Timurid era have contributed in its illustration. In this story, the poet expresses his thoughts and views through literary techniques with the use of storylike elements and imagination. Understanding and comparing the mutual elements of the text with that of the illustrations and the influence that these two features have on each other will ultimately cause an enhanced perception and criticism of the images in hand. This paper follows a descriptive and analytical methodology and by analyzing a number of the paintings of the story of Sheikh Sanan in the Herat school, the relationship between the scripts of the poet with that of the illustration techniques will be studied upon. This analysis confirms that the painter in addition to narrating the story by perceiving the desires of the poet and applied concepts, seeks to illustrate such notions. In all, there is a constant harmony between the paintings and the story which is all due to the creativity and novelty of the painter.

In this research, a comparative analysis is presented between characters of Attar’s classic book “Conference of Birds” (Mantegh Alteir) and characters of Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot”. An analytical-descriptive method is employed with the aim of offering a descriptive analysis of the characters’ objectives and the way their behavior and attitudes develop through time. In Attar’s book, written in verse, a large number of different birds, lead by the Hoopoe, make a long journey across inhospitable terrain, enduring great hardship in order to reach the legendary Simorgh, a mythical bird known to have supernatural powers. In this long journey, the congregation of birds passes through seven symbolic stages. At each stage some of the birds either lose heart or change their minds until finally only thirty birds reach the final destination. In Beckett’s play, several individuals eagerly await the arrival of a hero named Godot who may deliver them from misfortune and strife. A boy delivers messages indicating the imminent arrival of the hero, but Godot never comes. The question is raised in the present study as to whether it would be possible to logically make a comparison between Attar’s text which is essentially mystical-moral in nature and Beckett’s “absurd” play. By offering a comparative analysis of various characters, the main challenge faced by the present study is to determine the existence and lack of meaning and spirituality in the lives of the characters of the two literary works and to consider how these two great writers view the world which is faced and challenged perpetually by mankind. In addition to this, after reviewing the works and in order to test research hypotheses, several key words in the two works are gathered and statistics are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Attar’s characters are active in all stages, but Beckett’s characters are passive. It seems that they passively depend on the deliverance by another person in order to gain freedom and happiness. Beckett’s characters are divergent and unsuccessful while Attar’s characters are successful and convergent. Ultimately, Samuel Beckett invites mankind to Unity by showing the emptiness and materialism which result from lack of truth-seeking and self-recognition. Attar, however, abhors dependency on materialism and emphasizes the goodness of truth and the significance of achieving and maintaining Unity.