جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مقبره" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

After mosques, the tomb can be considered as one of the most common Islamic architectural buildings in Iran. Due to the large number of tombs, many researches have been done in this regard. In these researches, they have discussed the history of tomb building in Iran and different types of tomb buildings, and they have generally and unanimously divided Iran's tomb buildings into two types, tower tombs and tombs with a square dome plan. The present research examines the tomb buildings of West Azerbaijan province and after a brief look at the records of the above-mentioned researches, in the first step, it identifies the tomb buildings in the studied area and then 15 of them, which are tombs in terms of body, existing condition, nature and historical background, were eligible, have been selected for review. In the review process, after recognizing and introducing each case sample and completing the documentation, all samples are compared in terms of background, architectural pattern and other characteristics, and finally, like the tomb buildings of the Islamic era of Iran, they are divided into two categories; the mausoleum tower and the square domed pattern are placed. In the examined samples, the tomb tower pattern was formed in the historical range from Seljuk to Timurid period and the domed square pattern was formed from Safavid to Qajar period

There are many tombs in Lorestan province that are part of the treasure trove of Islamic architecture in Iran due to their national and regional characteristics. Shine Shah Mausoleum is one of these tombs.
The general view shows a typical, unassuming building, however, this building is a normal and integrated building, but at the same time, the analysis of the building and its structure indicates structural changes and developments and includes multiple periods of construction, which has not been explored so far and this raises the need to study it. In this regard, the present article has tried to answer these questions: To what period did the original building belong and at what times was it restored or rebuilt?
The purpose of this research is to study the periods of construction and the architectural modifications made to it. This was done based on architectural elements and structure on the tomb’s architecture.
The purpose of this article is to study and recognize the periods of construction, architectural changes and identification of the owner of the tomb.
The writing of this article is based on practical research. In addition, its comparison to other similar examples has been attempted through descriptive-analytical method.
 The results of this study indicate that the tomb building was constructed during the Ilkhanid period and in the Safavid period, its dome was rebuilt and the entrance porch was added to it, and is probably the Tome of Shujauddin Khorshid, the leader At Abakan Lur Kochak (1184).

The Ilkhani period was the onset of building architectural complexes and the independent urban spaces called ‘Abwab-al-berr’, inspired by sacred and blessed places, as well as scientific and educational centers, which are in fact a combination of religious scientific collections. Shanb-e-Ghazan was the premiere in ‘Abwab-al-berr’ phenomenon category in the urbanization of Ilkhani era, of which at this moment there has not been anything left out. Therefore, the main issue of the present article was to discuss the space organization of the city of Sangb-e Ghazan and its features based on historical documentation. Using historical analysis method, the present paper, referring to the historical texts of historians and tourists, has tried to recapture the image of the city of Sangb-e Ghazan and its structure. Gtudying the subject, we are faced with a regular and coherent set of rovers in which all urban uses are taken into account. Despite the various buildings, the tomb of Ghazan Khan is the main core of the set; the city has a predetermined map with a tower and gate, and the tomb of Sultan with its dome at the center of the complex: the buildings of Abwab-al-berr’are located on the sides of the tomb. Sangb-e Ghazan was also connected to the World Trade Network of the Tabriz market, and the market included a caravanserai, a row of cellars and several yards and dispersed Kooshks amongst the beautiful gardens and a variety of public utilities.

In the post-Islamic era, mosques were among the most important types of buildings in Iran. Mosques have been the center of manifestation of Muslims' spiritual identity, their reference, refuge, and reliance, from the earliest times of Islam until the recent years, these buildings have also been the most important urban and architectural elements and the center of appearance of the highest forms, creativity, and taste of Muslim architects and the most important buildings of Islamic culture. Despite similar functions of mosques in all the regions, this building after entering Iran, and under the influence of different factors in every geographical area of the country, has gained special characteristics which led to its differentiation from the mosques of other regions. One of these geographical-cultural zones is the cultural zone of Fars province. Non-use of the dome is one of the architectural features of the historical mosques of this area. But among all the historical mosques of Fars, there is an exception that has a dome. This mosque that is located in the city of Jahrom, combined with the Khan School (Madrasa-e- Khan), has formed two separate buildings as a mosque and the Khan School. In this research, with the use of logical reasoning as our research methodology, through the comparative study of the mosques and tombs of this region and other parts of Fars province, and Iran and also the use of the historical interpretive methodology in confronting with the historical documents related to our research, we tend to not only comprehensively introduce the mosque but also to answer the questions that when and why this mosque had gained a dome. Given the significant similarity between the form of the mosque with the tombs of Jahrom's Imamzades and the central parts of Iran, also the possibility to pass through the Mihrāb of the mosque, it is hypothesized that the Khan Mosque was originally built as a tomb and later, with the change in its use, transformed into a mosque. The results of the research indicate that the building was probably built in several stages. In the first stage, due to the structural difference between the dome and the surrounding corridors and other spaces, it was built as a single vault with the function of a tomb or other functions in the post-Islamic era. In the second stage, the corridors around the vault, in the style of tombs of central areas of Iran, have been added to modify the function of vault into a tomb or expansion of vault by preserving the function of the tomb. In the third stage, based on historical documents during the construction of the school in the Qajar period, and under the rule of Haji Mohammed Momen, who ruled this area at the time, the construction of an ayvān in front of the dome as a mosque and other related parts was implemented. This suspicion is reinforced by the ornamentations, orientation of the ayvān, and the climate of Jahrom, which provides the conditions for outdoor and semi-outdoor prayer.

The tomb of Bodagh Sultan belongs to the Mukrian’s ruler, during the reign of Shah Suleiman the Safavid. It’s a tomb from the Islamic era in West Azerbaijan province, in Mahabad city. This historic building is the family tomb of Bodagh Sultan and other members of the Mukri’s family, who ruled this area for about four centuries. Bodagh Sultan made great efforts to develop his region and participated in forming the Mukrian’s city by constructing commercial and social centers such as: caravanserai, aqueduct, bazaar, mosque, bath and bridge. Bodagh Sultan’s tomb is located in the center of the old cemetery. According to the historical texts, tombstones and citation of trustees and survivors of Mukrian family, this tomb belongs to Bodagh Sultan and it is the place of a number of prominent members of his family who buried here in the Safavid period. Most of the members of this family, from Shah Ismail Safavi to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, were governors in Mukrian region. They fought with invaders, and because of popularity of the Sultan and the elders who buried in the tomb, some people of different parts of Kurdistan always visit the tomb. After the fall of Safavid Dynasty, the tomb of Bodagh Sultan damaged a lot, because of insecurities and local disputes. Even though this building was registered as national monuments in Iran, the damages hadn’t been done and tomb had become half destroyed. The north Ivan and the south Ivan were completely destroyed, and heterogeneous repairs and additions were made. Also a humble door was installed to enter the domed nave. The graves’ inscriptions, were also completely destroyed, except the tombstone of Abdullah Khan, the last governor of the family. From 1991 to 1995, according to an approved planning, the cultural heritage department of West Azerbaijan provinc restored this historical monument after doing archeological and architectural researches. At the first step, debris and mass of the shrine grounds on the northern side of the mausoleum removed, with an area of about 42 square meters. After completing the excavations in the destroyed spaces and discovering the foundations and remnants of the walls and part of the arches, niches, walls on both sides of the entrances to the shrine (north Ivan), and the entrance Ivan (south side), the reconstruction map was prepared, under supervision of Dr. Baqir Ayatollahzade Shirazi. In 1992, the reconstruction and completion of the north and south Ivans and the outer body of the tomb continued, and the reconstruction of the side walls, arch and dome, and the architectural elements of both Ivans were completed. Now this building is a symbol of the city and one of the historical and tourist attractions of Mahabad.

Architecture of Guilan province enjoys especial physical specifications arising from temperate and humid climate conditions. Saturated moisture in the air and high level of underground waters with an impact on buildings frames have made the architecture be influenced by these conditions. Architecture of Guilan province -which due to climatic reasons insists on construction of veranda، high foundation، gable roof، by considering this fact that shrine architecture doesn’t have the residential behavior specifications- considers the shape of the building body as a function of its performance in agreement with climate. Using a descriptive-analytical method، while describing the climatic elements of Guilan architecture and enumerating a part of Lahijan history، which has been effective on multiplicity of shrines in the area، this article discusses the architecture of holy shrines and their forming elements. Selecting some outstanding and less-changed shrines in Lahijan architecture، the author tries to gain similar models in the architecture of the holy shrines in this area of Iran. From the findings of this research، it is possible to refer to a similar pattern in the shape of the tomb، ratio of open and closed spaces، walls، ceilings، decorations and number of verandas in lahijan pilgrimage units.