جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "هندسه دوبعدی" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The two-dimensional (2D) geometry is an effective context to examine the similarities and differences among muqarnas elements with the aforementioned characteristics in the historical mosques of Isfahan. Analyzing these qualities may reveal their generic and specific aspects. The comparative study provides a solution to understanding how and why these elements are similar despite their differences. A comparative 2D geometry was not previously used as a context to identify and classify the muqarnas types in this region. Moreover, the statistical population in this study included nine muqarnas cases among the historical mosques in Isfahan, constructed either in a squinch style or a style referred to as nimkār (half-work). Data collection was conducted by surveying the muqarnas through close-range photogrammetry, point-cloud modeling, flattened image preparation, and designing technical drawings for each example. Moreover, geometrical and mathematical calculations were used for data analysis. Many similarities were recognized concerning the relationship between the aspects of reversed plans, proportions, arrangements, and façade features, including the absence of a T-shape in muqarnas. Furthermore, the 2D drawing was facilitated by recurring features between muqarnas elements. Overall, the most significant features consisted of proportional relationships between the main flat elements and side length in the quadrilateral toranj shapes, the placement of inscribed/circumscribed circles of shamsa (a regular polygon resembling a rosette), as well as the circumscribed circles of the toranj elements on length, width, and diameter midpoints in the semi-layout, toranj sides equating half the height of Qatār (row), and larger sides of shāparaks and pābāriks equating the side length of a toranj.