جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « “reuse” » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The principles governing the reuse of industrial heritage aim to preserve its key features. However, there are various interpretations of these principles when it comes to the design process. This study utilizes international documents, specifically ICOMOS charters, as a source for extracting goals, policies, strategies, and design solutions related to changing the use of industrial heritage, adopting a combined quantitative and qualitative approach and logical reasoning method. By analyzing the content of the charters and recommendations, as well as the frequency of keywords related to landuse change, thirteen categories were identified , including integrity, authenticity, value, people-society, historical aspects, collective memories, tradition and characteristic, tangible-intangible aspects, culture, economy, spirit of the location, and the connections between them. For example, the goal of preserving the core values of the industrial complex within the value category leads to the identification of common patterns in both the tangible and intangible aspects of the works. In terms of economic policies, emphasis is placed on enhancing economic productivity for the benefit of the local community. When discussing traditions, an important strategy is to utilize the physical capabilities and visual values of the heritage as a source of inspiration for the new design. Identifying the character of the work involves considering elements such as the structure type, coverings, decorative style, materials used, furniture components related to the production line. Furthermore, maintaining the ability to host events and activities that took place during the active phase of the complex helps establish a connection between people, society, and industrial heritage. These components represent various instances that have been derived from international documents and provide different levels of activities related to the land-use change, as explored in this research. A quantitative analysis was conducted to examine the "communication network" among these categories as a foundation for resource management. The results highlight relationships between goals, policies, strategies, and solutions across different categories. For example, preserving the values of the heritage requires interaction with aspects such as "completeness" and "tangible and intangible entities". The decisions in the field of "people and society" are closely related to "authenticity", "collective memories", "economy", and "value". The volume of the communication network in the value category has the greatest impact on other categories. To demonstrate a practical application of the identified categories and the hierarchy of goals to solutions, the reuse plan of Shiraz textile factory was examined as a case study. The findings of the study revealed that the land-use change plan for the Shiraz textile factory included 14 practical actions related to value, 12 actions related to importance, and 11 actions related to collective memories. The remaining categories had a range of actions ranging from 2 to 7. Based on these actions, the land-use change plan received a score of 75.06%, indicating that it is considered a successful case of change of use. Overall, the model presented in this research can aid in designing according to the principles of industrial heritage protection and serve as an evaluation toolfor analyzing land-use change plans in alignment with international documents.

The present study aimed to provide a conceptual framework of adaptability to the landscape approach in reusing the heritage of Abadan oil industry. This research is based on a mixed method in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data were collected through qualitative content analysis of written sources, case study and semi-structured interviews with 21 experts in the field of industrial heritage and landscape. Then, the data were analyzed by the grounded theory method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding and 347 open codes, 28 concepts and 9 categories were extracted. Finally, according to the codes obtained from the written sources, case study and interviews, the theory of industrial heritage adaptability to the landscape approach was presented. To validate the model resulting from this theory, the structural equation modeling approach was used using the partial least squares method in the confirmatory factor analysis phase. Quantitative findings showed that economic, cultural, social, historical, environmental, physical, technological, infrastructure, laws and policy categories have a positive and significant relationship with the adaptability to the landscape approach in reusing the heritage of Abadan oil industry. This study considers the use of landscape approach in the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage as a way to improve the quality of the eco-revelatory that by balancing the man-made environment with nature and ecological functions, it leads to stimulating a sense of appreciation for the natural environment and revealing the natural infrastructure of the city and exposing natural systems to human perception and experience.

Using traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate learning environments can leave positive effects on the education of the students of architecture.However, these beneficiaries have not been considered in the related processes and the effects of their needs on different aspects of changing the use class of these houses have not been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study, the effective criteria in reusing traditional houses as schools of architecture were evaluated from the viewpoints of the people living in the historical texture and the students of architecture so as to determine the effects of these criteria on the education of the students and the quality of life of the local residents.The traditional houses located in Uch-Dokan Neighborhood were propounded by the experts for these purposes.The houses in this neighborhood were investigated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.A questionnaire validated by Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate operational research patterns. Also, considering the normal distribution of the main variables, both descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between the purposes of the beneficiaries and the variables of the study from the viewpoints of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the residents of Uch-Dokan Neighborhood. The results indicated that from the viewpoints of the students, attending to perceptual dimensions (aesthetics, belonging...) was the most effective factor on their education when using the traditional houses as schools of architecture. From the viewpoints of the residents, functional dimensions (social and cultural activities..) were found to have the highest correlation with their quality of life and vitality in the environment.

An Example of sustainable conservation is energy management in the reuse of the architectural heritage. Reuse of historical building by an energy efficient approach is found to play a prominent role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and as consequence, yields a dynamic balance between natural and human environments. However, the main challenge is defining the measures improving the energy efficiency, while the reliable performance and controlled destructive interventions are achieved simultaneously. Thinking about how to conservation and reuse historic buildings and how to control climate change makes energy efficiency improvements an inevitable necessity. While an extensive research has been devoted on this topic in the developed countries, the current study is among the first steps in Iran. In this research, it is aimed at obtaining a systematic process and framework of measures conserving the historic buildings and optimizing the energy consumption. In addition to reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and climate change control, the anticipated measures for improving the energy efficiency will lead a sustainable conservation of architectural heritage. Accordingly, in this research, a thorough review and detailed analysis was performed on the processes and measures reported in the literature. In this article, library research method is utilized for data collection and the data are analyzed qualitatively with content analysis strategy. As it is shown in this study, the first steps toward improving the energy efficiency in historic buildings are non-intervention measure, including: A) Increasing user awareness and modifying user energy behavior, which is a qualitative and time-consuming measure. B) Implementing measures benefiting from the principles of climate-compatible architecture; Such as adapting the physical quality, spatial quality, quality of architectural elements and components in the historical buildings at the time of reuse, with the climatic principles used by traditional architects at the time of the construction of the historical buildings. According to the assessments, in the case of required intervention measures in historic buildings, the flowchart of measures to improve energy efficiency should be in the form of a recurring flow, making it possible to review a variety of measures with minimum intervention measures priority. The intervention measures are implemented in the second step which include: A) At first, minimal intervention measures will be taken in the building envelop. Such as: Airtightness windows, installing curtains and awnings and shading to reduce solar gains, Solar Window Films to reduce solar gain and, if the results of the evaluations are not appropriate, in the next step, the envelope is optimized by thermal insulation of the walls, ceiling and floor. B) Evaluation and optimization of the lighting system, which may be limited to minor modifications of the lighting system in the current situation or require the installation or replacement of lighting systems and special lighting with intervention measures. C) If the measures are perceived insufficient by the assessment, it is necessary to conduct the last part of the intervention measures which is dedicated to the installation or optimization of cooling, heating and air conditioning systems compatible with historical buildings.

Paying attention to issues related to evaluation, decision making and selection has beenone of the most controversial topics today, and in most cases, not only all the factorsinfluencing the evaluation and selection are not considered, but also the set of factors andvariables considered are not agreed upon by experts. Hence, in this research the issueof identifying factors and variables effective in increasing productivity in the field ofrestoration and reuse of historic buildings has been addressed, and the research is basedon the question that what factors should be considered in order to increase productivityin the evaluation and selection of restoration projects and reuse of historical houses inIran and how important is each of the factors? According to this, the purpose of theresearch is identifying effective variables in evaluating and selectiong restoration projectsand reuse of historic houses with the approach of increasing efficiency and determiningdegree of importance in restoration and reuse of historical houses. In this manuscriptby taking advantage of survey research and through the preparation of questionnaire,experts’ views and opinions on the subject were collected and after doing the validationby factor analysis method, the variables were allowed to be extracted entitled “EffectiveFactors of increasing efficiency and Restoration of Iran Houses”. Each factor was derivedfrom several independent variables and was ranked depending on their significance. Theresults of the questionnaire analysis revealed eight main factors associated with increasingefficiency in houses including: “Protecting Values”, “Efficiency Management”, “Support”,“Uses Determination (Revival)”, “General principles of protection”, “Maintenance”,“Adaptation”, “Execution (Restoration)”. Among the factors determined, “ProtectingValues” gained the most importance. Finally, by obtaining the reliability coefficient ofeach of the factors, it was possible to evaluate and select the restoration projects andincrease their productivity and obtain the total factors agreed upon by the experts.

A population of 8.9 billion up to 2050 will need more energy and resource. The economic growth accelerates fossil fuel exhaustion by the end of this century. Energy has an important role in sustainable development; therefore, the world will encounter energy crisis. In our country, vast expanse of hot dry climate is extending and so is the need of energy for cooling systems (cooling consumes more energy than heating). On the other hand, sustainability of an Oil-dependant economy will be threatened by energy crisis. Surveys reveal that 50 to 60 percent of energy consumption and also carbon and construction waste production is related to architecture and urban design. Since the total energy of the building is a combination of embodied energy and operational energy this essay aims to analyze them to find the best method for energy use reduction.Measurement of the embodied energy is not possible in Iran, owing to not having access to accurate information about the process of construction, material, details, transportation, repairs and maintenance. Therefore, some experiments of other countries were studied and their results were used to do this research. Results of this research show the importance of initial design, effective details and improvement of construction methods which can increase the durability of a building. Durable materials with less embodied energy and modern repair and maintenance methods can lead us to this goal. Furthermore, comparing embodied energy with operational energy showed that an increase in the first one, by means of extra insulation, making thermal inertia by increasing width of walls and ceilings will reduce operational energy and as well total energy use.Comprehensive system of architecture is able to make a wise balance between embodied energy and operational energy through energy-based initial design, designing flexible patterns, using materials with less embodied energy, increasing lifespan of the building, using proper details with reversible dry connections, and modern construction methods. Finally, a proper portion of energy in normal lifespan of a building will lead to reduction of total energy in architecture. Strategies recommended to reduce total energy of the building during its lifespan through decreasing and conserving embodied energy are as follows:• Initial design with energy saving approach, using long-lasting reversible, flexible, changeable construction and architecture patterns, and using durable materials with least embodied energy in production phase.• Improving technology efficiency of factories produce materials with least embodied energy, increasing the efficiency of the transportation system, decreasing carrying distance and reusing materials, installation of accessible facilities in the walls, ceilings and floor.• Improving the knowledge and methods used for splitting the components instead of demolition and using reversible proper construction details by means of dry connections (bolts and nuts) instead of wet connections (mortar, glue and resin).• Regular wise reconstruction, retrofitting, renovation, repair, maintenance when necessary to increase lifespan of the building.Keywords: Hot dry climate, Sustainable architecture, Energy consumption, Operational energy, Embodied energy, Reuse

Adaptive reuse of existing buildings, by maximum use of buildings structural, physical and material potentials, is regarded as an approach meeting sustainable development goals. The Adaptive Reuse Potential (ARP) model is seen as a very effective tool to measure the re-usability potentials of existing buildings. This model can serve as an appropriate tool in architecture and urban planning in dealing with existing buildings and structures before becoming obsolete. The Adaptive Reuse Potential model evaluates buildings reuse potential by calculating the useful life of the building through measuring different building obsolescence types, the current age of the building, and itspredicted physical life. The Adaptive Reuse Potential model is a general model uniformly applied in all building types and can be used in all countries. This paper aimed to customize this model to fossil fuel power plants, which may yield highly accurate results. The research methods as consistent with different stages were as follows: documentary and library studies were used to study and analyze the Adaptive Reuse Potential model and determine all building obsolescence types; field surveys to investigate the case study; interviewing experts; using a pairwise comparison questionnaire and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to weight and prioritize the types of obsolescence in fossil fuel power plants. To validate the results, the customized Adaptive Reuse Potential model was deployed to a case study and the outputs are compared with those outputs obtained from applying the original model in the same case study. According to performed analyzes and based on the experts views, it is affirmed that the results obtained from the customized Adaptive Reuse Potential model for fossil fuel power plants were more accurate than those of the primary model.

The adaptation of historic built environments with new uses is a significant approach for the country’s cultural heritage, with its main objective being preserving some cultural values for future generations. Designed in full harmony with local climate, materials and cultural structures, valuable traditional houses in Iranian cities are widely abandoned. To preserve this heritage and encounter the dilapidation caused by these voids in historic fabrics, new uses have been introduced into these houses. The main question is ‘what is the most important criteria for appropriate adaptation?’. The present paper starts with investigating the literature extracting adaptability criteria, and then moves on to assess three examples representing types of usual designated new uses. Understanding the fact that countless parallels are currently under way in the country, it attempts to scrutinise challenges and opportunities of such reuses in order to achieve more appropriate ways of adaptation. The paper adopts case studies and surveys as its core approach. Using extracted criteria, questions have been asked from both experts and non-experts, which is helped by architecturally oriented case studies to identify the challenges. The results show that in all three cases the cultural identity is stabilised, the local economy is flourished and environmental gains are achieved. Nevertheless, there has been poor stakeholder participation, and a need was left unfulfilled for structural reviews and reinforcements.

Altering existing buildings for new functions is not a new phenomenon. For example during the Renaissance period, monuments from ancient times were transformed for new uses. During the French Revolution (18th century), religious buildings were transformed for industrial functions or military uses after they had been confiscated and sold. In addition, During the last few decades in Western Europe, the task of re-using and enhancing the existing resources has been perceived as central to the task of regeneration. This new wave produced a sense of connection and synergy between regeneration and conservation efforts. During this period, the role of historic buildings and structures has become increasingly important in many regeneration projects.
In recent decade, the strategy of altering the use of old buildings have been developed increasingly in Iran. Especially in Kashan this strategy has placed abundant in recent years.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of implementing this strategy on physical regeneration. In this research selected 5 criteria for analysis. The study was based on a descriptive-analytical and survey methods. After reading library resources, data collects by Using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and observations then the analysis took them.
Results illustrate reuse of historic buildings in historical fabric of Kashan effectively improve the physical aspects including: Increasing repair of historic buildings, increasing reconstruction and renewal of historic fabrics, improving the appearance of old area, Reducing environmental pollution, Due to historical and cultural values and Efforts to protect more of them.