جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « architectural pattern » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Memorial architectural textures do not emerge in isolation; rather, they are shaped by a multitude of factors, both seen and unseen, that interconnect in a complex chain of causality. By meticulously tracing and contextualizing these factors, we can aspire to imbue them with a sense of immortality, embedding them within specific contexts and decoding their significance. This study endeavors to advance the understanding of contemporary Iranian monumental architecture through the lens of shape grammar, exploring how this grammar can inform the creation of new designs within this architectural tradition. By delving into the theoretical frameworks of memorial architecture and grammatical form, this article not only offers a framework for the perpetuation of this architectural heritage but also lays the groundwork for systematic evaluation.
The objectives of this study are twofold: To perceive contemporary Iranian monumental architecture through the extraction of fundamental shapes within the grammar of form. To generate new designs that uphold the essence of contemporary Iranian monuments.
This research adopts an applied approach, utilizing documentary-analytical methods as its primary research methodology. Both library and field methods have been employed for data collection. The process of data analysis involves identifying the grammar of form, which serves as a production system for generating new designs from basic shapes according to a set of rules. By applying this method to analyze six contemporary Iranian monuments, basic shapes are extracted, and a set of rules is formulated. Subsequently, new designs, infused with the essence of the selected monuments, are created.
In conclusion, by employing the grammar technique of shape within the context of six contemporary monuments and devising an algorithm comprising a finite set of basic shapes and instructions, this study demonstrates the potential for generating an infinite array of design solutions.

The architectural history of the mosque in Yazd, like other regions, should be started from the first centuries of Hijri. There are few buildings left in Yazd region during this period of time, and there are no clear references in this regard in the historical books, so talking about these buildings, including mosques, is considered a step in the dark. In the historical geography texts of the 3rd and 4th centuries of Hijri, four places with pulpits in Yazd are mentioned. The most famous mosques of the first centuries of Hijri are Masjed- e jame Fahraj near Yazd city, but other mosques are less discussed or there are not many documents available. The research question is, which are the first mosques in Yazd, when were they founded and what kind of location and architecture did they have? The research method is of the "historical-analytical" type, which will proceed by referring to authentic historical texts, seeing the available evidence and analyzing them. The aim of the research is to investigate the origin of the mosque in Yazd region and to recognize the architectural rules of these buildings. The result of this research showed that in the old cities and villages that existed in Yazd, at least two centuries aim the arrival of the Muslims, the mosque was built as an urban or rural space and element. There are evidences of the first mosques in Katha (Yazd), Fahraj, Khavidak, Meybod and Nain, and Abarkouh can be added to this list. These mosques are of the nave type and are based on masonry columns and load-bearing walls, not pillared buildings that are known in other regions. These buildings, which are not large in size, have common features of space and construction technology, and they are all built with clay and mudbrick materials.

Contemporary research related to house architecture often focuses on distinguished houses with heritage values, and there are few researches focusing on ordinary public houses and sparse written documents of them exist. Also, few attentions have been paid to residents ''behavioral differences and physical changes due to residents'' needs over time. Threfore, anthropology of domestic space focuses on the relationship between houses and people and the lifestyle of residents.

What physical patterns do houses in the research area have based on lifestyle? 2. What has been the lifestyle of these houses over the years from the residents'' point of view? 3. From the residents'' point of view, what characteristics have caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their house space?Aims of the research: This study intends to depict ordinary houses in three cities of East Azerbaijan province from the perspective of conversations related to the mentality of the inhabitants in the form of certain patterns.

 This research is a qualitative approach and case study. Based on field perceptions and ethnographic studies, including semi-structured interviews, residents'' lifestyles and architectural patterns of 14 cases of houses are examined.

 Three examples of architectural patterns found in the field survey were classified: semi-detached small house-courtyard (1320 SH and before); Large independent courtyard house (1330-1350 SH) and courtyard houses with rooms separated in terms of function (1350-1360 SH). According to the residents'' view, the later houses of the research period (1350-1360 SH) meet the needs of the residents culturally and practically in relation with nature, and with adequate repairs, they are suitable. According to the residents, the main reason for the continuity of life in the houses was the factor of sense of space and memory importance and relationship with the yard. Most of the alternations were related to usage change, the addition of the kitchen and bathroom to the interior of the house, as well as the integration of departed space. Warehouse and yard space is one of the essential spaces in houses according to the lifestyle (gardening) of the region.

The land of China has always been one of the main civilizations of the East. This country has never been part of the Muslim realm or even had a government with the Islamic religion. However, from the beginning of the formation of Islamic civilization until today, Chinese Muslims have had a special place, such as masque. Architecture is one of the most prominent relics of human civilization, and in this regard, valuable works have been created in Chinese Muslim civilization. There is a question here that where has the architectural model of Chinese mosques come from, considering the civilization that Muslims have created through economic or cultural relations leading to the transmission of Islam and the formation of Chinese mosques; To answer this question, one of the perfect examples of Chinese Mosques called the Great Mosque of Xian has been reviewed. In the present study, to discover the architectural pattern of this mosque, the characteristics of the early Islamic mosques and the pre-Islamic architecture of China have been compared. The present article is based on the premise that the architectural model of Chinese Mosques has been derived from its ancient temples. The adopted research method is a case study analysis, and interpretations are based on the features of the selected sample of ‘Medina Mosque’, from the early Islamic mosques, and the ‘Confucius Nanjing Temple’ from the native architecture of China in pre-Islamic times. The comparative study of the Great Mosque of Xian with early Chinese mosques and temples shows that the architectural pattern of this mosque is derived from the traditional Chinese temples and its influence from Islamic mosques is limited to the building direction the presence of Mihrab, changing the function of traditional architectural spaces and using Islamic architectural scripts in traditional decorations of the target building.

Values and beliefs of a culture is embodied in its people and their lives, which now we look for this embodiment. We are seeking embodiment of “Pashtunwali” concept in castle houses “Qala” of the Pashtun ethnic, a house which its pattern, according to some, is embodiment of Afghan Pashtun culture. Pashtunwali is known the ideology and code of behaviors of the Pashtun that guides their ethnic life. For this reason, the study of concepts and content of passhtunwali is necessary for analyses of the Pashtun’s castle houses and establishing the relevance of the concept with its architectural pattern. This study aimed at describing and analyzing – the castle houses and pasthtunwali- to determine the effect of the code based on the architectural pattern of the Pashtun’s castle houses.
The study has benefited from descriptive analytical research method, the theoretical framework has been established and the content of pashtunwali has been analyzed; moreover, the comparative methods and logical reasoning were applied to the findings in terms of the theoretical framework.
According to the theoretical framework and the fact that house is made of culture, at first different models of house cultural analysis were split in two categories: analysis of culture to components and categorization of culture to consecutive and relevant layers. Then, according to the holistic research approach to culture, the cultural level formed the basis of research analyses. The model explains that culture possesses three level relationship, inner, middle, and outer levels. The values is the inner layer and the manifestations of culture such as architecture is the outer. Lifestyle and behavioral codes that are affected by the values is intermediate and path to culture crystallization that help to decrypt the relation between culture and house form.
Opposite to many researchers who consider pashtunwali as the behavioral code of the Pashtun, the conceptual and contextual analysis of pashtunwali has shown that it is a code of values. And through normative principles and concepts it is reflected in the life and architecture of the Pashtun. Study of the contextual factors of the code and analyzing it in relation to architectural pattern of the “Qala” showed the impression of the pattern from pashtunwali principles and among the principles there are concepts that have tangible impression on the physical structure of the “Qala”. The principles include independence, Melmasteya, Namus, and Seyali that are reflected in the form of behavioral patterns, internal collaboration, external competition, hospitality and protection of gold, women, and lands- creating the spatial elements and system as well as the physical form of the castle houses. Finally, the results are summarized in a table with the hidden layers and levels of pasthuwali and its relationship with “Qala” pattern are presented in a hierarchal form. The results of this study and the realities of the multi-ethnicities of the Afghan society indicate that, without considering the concept of pashtunwali, understanding and recognizing the original architectural-housing identity of the Afghans is impossible and the academic training of their architecture would be incomplete.

Concepts are the context of human thinking and acting and involve all aspects of his life. Like all man-constructions, architecture depends to the conceptual system of his mind. According to some researches in architecture, patterns can be defined as a basis for showing this system in the regulation of physical elements. Attention to this can be considered an answer to some of the questions that address the causes of poor quality of contemporary rural housing. This area of architecture as a rich heritage of past patterns is a concern of many researchers. With an overview of the concepts and aspects of patterns, this article tries to peruse the importance of concepts system as a foundation to build the pattern and the link between architecture and culture. In this context, through a review of theories about patterns and their situation and relationship to the concepts, some of the traditional houses of villages of Razavi Khorasan are studied. Because of the diversity of climate, culture and architectural typology, Razavi Khorasan is a suitable area for the present research. Studies of the rural house typology of this area was performed in two stages,the results of which can be usable for Researchers to achieve a better understanding of the architecture of in this context. What can be achieved on the basis of the preliminary studies is that architectural patterns are formed based on a system of concepts that define the various architectural elements such as windows and rooms. These concepts are shaped in such a way that shows their characteristics, situation and layout in pattern and building. In this aspect any concept can be investigated at the scale of its own characteristics and the scale of its Influence and effect on the present system. These concepts are present in patterns on the one hand and on the other hand, are part of the cultural characteristics. So the concepts of patterns are the first link between culture and architecture. Due to characteristics of culture and its limitation on time and space, architectural concepts are available for analysis only in their time and location and in a proportional manner of society changes. Investigating Concepts within the framework of the study indicates the architectural concepts are fluid categories. They are highly dependent on both time and space. On the other hand, the relation between the concept and their system is a two-way communication with collateral impact. Due to the importance of time and place in the formation of concepts and patterns and the relationship between elements, architectural patterns will be able to adapt with the condition of time and place of the society if the architects are able to adapt and create a new conceptual system in architecture. To achieve this objective it is necessary to consider some points that will be present in the results in this paper after a review of relevant features.

The main objective of this research is developing the quality of rural housing in Iran. To fulfill this objective, a participatory action plan has been proposed for construction of a rural dwelling in a specific village (as a sample case). In the first step, based on the literature review, rural housing pattern has been identified. Then, different approaches to people participation in housing construction have been studied and a theoretical frame work has been developed. Accordingly, the feasibility of participation approach in rural housing in Iran has been discussed. As the architectural design is a part of rural housing construction process and providing a desirable house depends on a comprehensive planning, a rural housing pattern has been presented in two levels: 1. Presenting project management plan which defines a process including architectural design. 2. Realization of the action plan Although for an appropriate design, all the steps defined earlier in this process need to be applied, but applying the first step was approximately impossible due to many limitations faced in a research. For the second step based on a model including strategic planning and organizing design, a field study has been carried out in a given house located in Baloqyah Village in Meshkin Shahr. Baloqyah has been located on the foot of a hill and has cold and long winters. In the sample house which has been considered for the pilot project, a family of seven has been living. Farming was the main livelihood of the family. The house composed of two residential buildings (old and new), a barn and the related equipment. The most important objectives of field studies were: - Studying vernacular architecture and residents lifestyle - Evaluating the performance of residential and farming units - Understanding the needs and desires of residents - Climatic evaluation of buildings Finally, desirability of the house from the residents view point has been evaluated through several checklists. To examine the suggested method presented in this paper, an ideal plan for a house has been developed. This had been done with the help of local people. In this procedure a layout has been provided in interaction with the residents and then, architectural drawings have been presented. Final plans have been provided by applying residents’ opinions. Accordingly, the positive and negative points of the given plans have been discussed by both the experts and the local people. Regarding the outcomes of pilot project, some instructions for enhancing inhabitant's participation in rural housing have been given.