جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "policy-making" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Making a high-quality space requires an integrated logical organizing approach. Here, fruitful use of the capacities of digital technology and data becomes so significant. Moreover, communication between urban patterns and architecture is another significant feature of integrated urban policy making. Considering the issue, this mixed applied study was done to identify effective pattern processes using digital technology and to introduce a model of them. At the first stage, using thematic analysis method, different researches were explored to identify the components, criteria, and indicators of the patterns. Moreover, a questionnaire was designed by using the mutual effects of the indicators. Then, the questionnaire was answered by five available experts. At the second stage of thematic analysis, AHP method and expert choice were used. The prioritized results and sub-criteria of all indices were analyzed by the experts based on Likert scale. Then, to implement these components through the criteria and indices, by applying logical conclusions and Salingaros’ new presented complementary patterns for the solution of urban challenges, we identified effective patterns processes and tested the proposed structure for District 1 of Mashhad as a case. The major innovation of this study is using a specific method that resulted in the realization of complementary patterns and the explanation of pattern processes of space organization regarding socio-cultural components and space creativity using digital technology, 10 criteria, and 16 indices. Moreover, it depicted clearly the usability of effective patterns by the use of 21 palpable pattern relationships. The result is the expansion, adaptation, and strengthening of the language of patterns that are used in urban architecture. It also makes high quality link structures that would help the integration and improvement of urban architecture and structure. Accordingly, the important role of modern spatial developments in designing and developing urban policies are confirmed. It also shows the effectiveness and the necessity of proposed pattern processes, taking into account the current condition of District 1 of Mashhad

The present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a policy model in the field of dealing with educational crises in public universities of Tehran province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and also, in terms of data type, it was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of the exploratory type, which was systematic in the qualitative part of the data and descriptive-survey in the quantitative part. The statistical community in the qualitative part included academic and organizational experts and in the quantitative part all faculty members of the public universities of Tehran province. The sample size in the qualitative part was 18 interviewees according to the principle of saturation and the purposeful sampling method and in the quantitative part 312 people based on the calculation of the sample size in structural equations among 8719 faculty members of the public universities of Tehran province and the sampling method Staged clusters were randomly selected. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with 96 items taken from the qualitative part in the quantitative part. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of thematic analysis and in the quantitative part included descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling). As a result, 96 primary concepts (open code) and 21 main concepts (central code) were obtained, which in the form of a paradigm model includes 6 selected codes: causal factors (4 components and 16 indicators), contextual factors (3 components and 20 indicators), strategic factors (5 components and 15 indicators), intervening factors (3 components and 12 indicators), main phenomenon (2 components and 19 indicators) and consequences (4 components and 14 indicators) were presented.

In order to make the optimal urban governance policy in metropolises, the research method of this study is based on the theory of basic empirical data, Strauss and Corbin, and semi-structured interviews were also used to collect data. Also, sampling was done using the theoretical sampling method and using the snowball and target method. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews are presented in the method of space, center and selection, as well as in terms of causes, conditions, intervention conditions, management methods and results. The results of this research show that the administration of Rasht city depends on strategies such as decentralization, reconstruction of structures and processes, participation of stakeholders and delegation of power to managers with high knowledge and ability. The reform and cooperation of several decision-making institutions, recognition of the primary missions of responsibility and accountability (in the first stage), streamlining the direction of good governance in Rasht metropolis and (in the second stage through the central role of city management) at the community level.

The city as a geographical, economic, political and sociological reality in each period of its development has been influenced by each of these factors and has influenced each of them. The complexity of each of these factors has created the complexity of the city as their spatial crystallization. Certainly, organizing and regulating the city and how it grows and evolves requires the thematics of the city and urban issues and then planning for it. In general, the belief in improving the environment is one of the sources of the idea of ​​urban planning and perhaps its most important ideology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the detailed plan of Tehran Region 1 with emphasis on livability. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology. In order to evaluate the content validity of the assessment tool, the questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists in the field. Findings show that the structural variable was the only variable that could only directly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed design. According to the results of regression analysis, the legal and executive variables have both directly and indirectly affected the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed plan. The direct and indirect effects for the legal and executive variables are 0.429 and 0.201, respectively.

The purpose of this research is strategic policy making of the identity components of Ahvaz city, so that after knowing and knowing about it, it can help to improve the quality of urban life by creating a context for planning and designing the desired environment. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of data it is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative), with an exploratory approach in the way of description and analysis through the review and analysis of selected documents and texts related to the topic and using the survey method with interest. The interview tool was taken, and the SWOT technique was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that despite the existence of strong identity components in three dimensions, natural, artificial and human, the city of Ahvaz has so far its identity and identity features, especially those features that are in competitive identity. place has been unknown; This reason has caused programs and plans in the fields of urban planning and architecture to be compiled and implemented without considering the identity characteristics of the city. The results of interviews and analysis of identity indicators related to contextual, functional, morphological, space and visual (view) qualities with the help of swot technique showed; It is necessary to benefit from the identity characteristics of the city and improve the environmental qualities; In formulating and implementing future plans and plans, he used optimal strategies, respectively, aggressive, competitive, conservative and competitive.

Today, the approach of threats is changing from hard to soft and relying on psychological operations in societies. By persuading and changing their behavior, crises and colorful revolutions arise in them; therefore, to cope passive defense functions are effective; and the role of institutions and policymakers in opening such spaces should not be neglected. Social capital is one of the most important indicators of the growth of societies. This concept, which has entered politics from social sciences, has a wide impact on the relationship between government and society. The main question of the research is, what effect has the functioning of the country's eight passive defense policies had on social capital in Iran? The case study method is contextual; in the quantitative analysis section, the "multiple linear regression" method of "eight independent variables" is used on "dependent variable". The statistical population is 17 people in the qualitative part and 140 people in the quantitative part of experts in interdisciplinary sciences. The results indicate that the function of the eight passive defense policies on the components of social capital is significant and their impact on the components of social capital is different and significant.

The built environment is constantly changing, which, due to its dynamic nature, make it impossible to interrupt, because it means rigidity and stops, which leads to its decline. Unfortunately, the historic centers of cities have often been abandoned in the process of urban development, and due to limitations of somehow conservative policies and lack of dynamic and responsive design strategies, it is not possible to adapt to the needs of residents in such contexts and become lifeless centers in the city. The historical context of Gorgan, despite the many ups and downs it has experienced, still has a special quality. The spontaneous and organic patterns of context are influenced by its location and the historical roots of the formation of neighborhoods, paths, and important historical elements of the city. The mismatch between development control policies and dynamic processes of change over time has led to a decline in context quality. Nature as a model that goes through a similar process of growth and decline and uses effective strategies for 3.8 billion years can be a good model for inspiration. Nature's systems maintain their dynamism by controlling their growth and decline in a cyclical process. The mimicry of organisms and ecosystems is often termed ‘biomimicry’. Biomimicry is the emulation of strategies seen in the living world as a basis for human design. Another nature-inspired concept that is used in this study is the adaptive cycle. The Adaptive Cycle is inspired by a cyclical process that ensures the survival of the ecosystem. This study aims to explore the characteristics of ecosystems and the feasibility of their application in the time-sensitive policy-making process to regenerate the historical context of Gorgan. The methodology of research is based on descriptive-analytical approaches. In this regard, the study of thought-provoking commonalities between the fields of biomimicry and urban design has provided the possibility of explaining the theoretical framework and providing a mechanism to evaluate changes in both substantive and procedural dimensions. Substantive and procedural evaluation of change provide an analytical look over challenges the context faced in two time periods. By reviewing the existing literature on the characteristics of ecosystems, four key concepts of adaptive capacity, self-organization, identity preservation, and interactions were extracted. Seven criteria of harmony with nature, latency, polyvalent spaces and diversity, indeterminacy, heterogeneity, modularity, and connection that have spatial dimensions were introduced for applying these key concepts in urban design. Identifying the challenges that the context has faced in different periods shows that the policy-making process doesn’t follow a dynamic path. It needs to consider the policymaking process in a cyclical and non-linear view. To this end, the research result is the time-sensitive policy making model which guide and control regenerative policies by phasing actions based on the adaptive cycle. These measures are presented according to the analysis of the current situation of the context in the form of a model for defining projects in four phases of rehabilitation and renovation, pioneers and public infrastructure services, identity developer, and conservative projects.

Considering nearly half a century of history of urban development plans and the ups and downs of preparing and implementing these plans, their review and evaluation is an inevitable necessity. The investigations carried out on the implementation of plans in some cities of the country It indicates that there is a significant distance and difference between the existing reality and the image given by comprehensive plans of cities. Reviewing the process of preparing, approving and implementing comprehensive urban plans in Iran shows the existence of a centralized and authoritarian approach in their preparation. The policy goal of urban development plans is to emphasize the concepts of integrated management. The results show that in order to realize the strategies in the urban development plans, the requirements of the municipal managers in the participation of the citizens in order to make the legal, executive and institutional platforms agile, taking into account the independence of the municipality and intensifying the institutional arrangements in the realization of intra-institutional and inter-institutional social capital We strive to have the necessary consistency and coherence in urban development plans.

The aim of the present study is an analytical approach to teamwork (TW) in making maquettes by architecture students to make a policy-making model in the architecture education context.

The research method is applied according to the purpose and based on the data collection, it is descriptive and a case study. First, the research background in the fields of policy-making in higher education, teamwork, and architecture education was reviewed and the factors that influence each were evaluated. The statistical population of this research is students of the workshop and architectural design studio at Anhalt University in Dessau, Germany, which is affiliated with the Bauhaus Institute.

Due to the current construction industry in Iran, a high unemployment rate is observed in this context. The need to improve skills and apply the training is very evident. The problem from teamwork's point of view in teaching and making maquettes was examined as one of the important causes of this unemployment. The solution is in the policy-making in higher education. The expertise and professional work of architecture is based on teamwork and preparing students to do teamwork and learn in this matter has a positive effect on improving the performance and efficiency of future architects.

In recent years, an increasing number of social studies have investigated and evaluated how public policy decisions and urban governance impact citizens’ quality of life and happiness. Historically, good governance has been regarded as a key factor affecting citizens’ happiness, and the best societies are often judged by their citizens’ level of happiness. Due to the limited number of studies in this field and the critical state of happiness among Iranian citizens, this issue requires attention. The research was conducted based on a systematic review of Google Scholar, Sage, Taylor, and Francis, and science direct databases from 2000 to 2022 with an aim of identifying the government factors affecting the happiness of citizens. In total, 402 related articles were identified, and a review and classification process was conducted after each article was carefully examined and thoroughly reviewed. According to the findings of the study, political-legal, economic-financial, functional, and social dimensions contribute to citizens’ happiness, while democracy, freedom, justice, and social trust, citizens’ participation in decision-making processes, and considering happiness policies were the most frequently used indicators. The findings show the importance of democracy, justice, and social trust indicators. The findings of this research can help policymakers and metropolitan and government planners improve citizens’ quality of life and happiness.

Urban resilience is one of the contemporary concepts in the urban planning realm which originates in the ecological science. Applying The ecological definition of resilience and following the descriptive approach, in context of multilayer and complex social-ecological systems like urban areas, can cause domination of depoliticizing inherently political concepts, which stemmed from natural sciences.

The main purpose of this article is analyzing the concept of urban resilience from institutional power relations point of view. Due to the arising conceptual challenges and criticism around urban resilience application, exploring the political dimension which is almost attached to concepts in social perspectives can be as a solution. Consequently, it can be exposed to multilayered character of urban areas in a more compatible trajectory.

To achieve the purpose, content analyze has been chosen as the fundamental method, based on theoretical literature review for extracting essential and original data.

The main result of this article is exploring different dimensions of urban resilience policy analysis in order to induce the political orientation for it. Concerning this, the interdependence between resilience goals in one hand and policies made by institutional power in the other hand have been considered. Accordingly the analysis of existing institutional power policies on the urban resilience practice is intended..

The choice of social perspective would be as a reliable path to weaken the challenges arising from unificationism approach in the definition of social-ecological resilience. In this regard, by proposing the institutional power relations as the social perspective in this article, three layers, which unfold main policy orientation, can be defined as: institutional and organizational capacity, development model in urban plans and legal rules and codes. It can be translated as a basic framework for policy analysis. Highlights: Focusing on the institutional power relations as the main policy – maker in urban areas in order to prevent the reductionism and depoliticizing the concept of urban resilience is the main point of this article.

Throughout the history, the speed of disease outbreak has played an important role in reducing the independence and sustainability of cities around the world. Challenges arising from this important factor have affected the level of authority and sovereignty of cities and by becoming a global crisis, it has been able to have special effects on the strength and resilience of cities, especially the small ones. This research uses a documentary-survey method to analyze the use of scientific and technological tools and methods in empowerment and comprehensive development of small cities in the world and specifically, in Iran. A field study has been done in small cities (e.g., Amlash, Noor, Imamzadeh Abdullah and Jajarm) and the successful experiences of other small towns in developed countries have been reviewed. In addition to interviewing experts from the municipalities of these cities, 15 people (60 samples in total) were interviewed to obtain real information about the quality and socio-economic conditions of these cities, as a reflection of how they are managed. The participants were selected through snowball sampling. In this study, the findings showed that due to various constraints, if small towns wanted to be resilient to crises such as the outbreak of  COVID-19, they would have to build on priorities, e.g., increased bandwidth, virtual training and increased Internet access, and enhance their indigenous social networking activities, self-reliance, collaboration, and capabilities. The results showed that due to various limitations, if small towns want to be resilient and resistant to crises such as the COVID-19 disease, they must increase their self-reliance, assistance and indigenous capabilities through social networks. This important outcome can be achieved through the formulation and implementation of policies that enhance networking and inter-urban interactions (especially between the small cities and medium and large cities).

,1In the general policies of the system, passive defense is a set of unarmed actions that increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, continue essential activities, promote national stability and facilitate crisis management against enemy threats and military actions. And issues such as trust, norms and networks and increase efficiency, communication, creativity, solving community problems and .... Some of its characteristics (participation, cohesion, etc.) are social. The purpose of this research is to achieve the extent of the impact of the country's passive defense policies on social capital and the method of doing it, case-context and its type, applied-development. The statistical population of a number of related experts is estimated at 400 people, the sample size is estimated based on the Cochran's formula of 100. The results indicate that the implementation of passive defense policies of the social system (participation and cohesion) depends on the extent of this study in a small area. Suggestions have been made in this regard.

Urbanization and the uneven development of urban forms have exacerbated many problems, including reducing the livability of automotive development and walkability. In recent years, paying attention to sustainable transportation and walkability as one of its policies has been addressed by the unfavorable conditions of urban development. Given the long-term effects of policies on land use and their long-term effects on citizens' attitudes and behaviors, choosing the optimal policies and monitoring the effectiveness of planning and policymaking to achieve sustainability seems necessary. In this paper, using the system dynamics model in the Vensim software environment, the urban transportation and its effective factors in Mashhad have been modeled as case studies. Thus, after calibrating and validating the model, the results of 14 indicators in the economic, social, and environmental and transport sectors in 5 scenarios were investigated with the aim of comparing the impact of long-term walkability policy on other sustainable urban transport policies. The results of this study indicate that public and private transport pricing and increased utility of public transport with 28% and 20% improvement in sustainability indicators, respectively. Compared to other scenarios have the highest priority. On the other hand, walking and cycling development policies alone and without connecting to an integrated transport system have less effect on urban sustainability, and sustainable transport planning needs to be done in conjunction with the consideration of walkability and pricing policies.

Integrated urban management means adopting a holistic approach to urban management and designing appropriate mechanisms for this approach’s requirements in practice. The integration of the urban activities brings together organizational, structural and institutional activities and action in which the urban development is supported. In order to achieve integration, It is essential to Identify factors affecting fragmentation and non-integration. One of the most important levels of urban management is urban policy and decision making which are prone to fragmentation since they include various elements and activists. Urban policy is generic vision of city administration which directs urban decision making. using an integrated approach can be helpful for policy-making, planning, and managements. In this study, first, The urban management, integrated urban management, Urban decision making, urban policy making and urban governance theory literatures have been reviewed and then effective factors in integration of policy and decision making in urban management have been identified by research analytical model and then it has been evaluated through suitable Quantitative Method. Three major factor have been identified in research analytical model which play important role in fragmentation and non-integration of Tehran urban management in terms of policy and decision making. 1. Plurality of different associated elements and actors which leads to intergenerational policy and decision making fragmentation, 2. Structure of power distribution between policy and decision making actors, 3. Factors related to power resource and tools in field of policy and decision making which include: current urban rules and regulations, information and communication infrastructures, financial capacity of urban management. The study results are based on analysis of 50 Tehran urban experts and managers (works for Tehran Municipality, Tehran City Council, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Road and Urban Development, Parliament of Islamic Republic of Iran). Statistical analysis of questionnaires has been done with three different tests: Wilcoxon Test for analysing of agreement rate for importance of non-integration of Tehran urban management, Friedman Test for analyzing and ranking of factors affecting non-integration of Tehran urban management, t-test for comparison of two different groups: members of Tehran city council and Tehran Municipality VS. Other selected Tehran urban management authorities. Moreover, t-test has been used for comparison between urban managers and urban experts. The study results confirm that all three presented factors play effective roles in non-integration of Tehran urban management. Nonetheless, Tehran institution of urban management (City council and Tehran Municipality) respondents, unlike others from other Tehran management organizations(Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Road and Urban Development, Parliament of Islamic Republic of Iran), take power distribution factor as the most important and influential factor in non-integration of Tehran Urban policy making. This study shows that considering all three mentioned factors, reform and balancing of power system for actors in city level lay the groundwork for Integration of urban policy and decision making. Finally, the study results offers some suggestions for enhancement and and adjustment of urban power and policy making system, urban management tools and facilities and adopting urban governance approach for Tehran city and metropolitan administration.