جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پریناتال » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Prenatal intoxication with trimethyletin (TMT) induces widespread neuronal death in the central nervous system by inducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of gallic acid (GA) on the neuronal density of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampal pyramidal cells and oxidative stress parameters in the fetal forebrain following TMT intoxication.

25 pregnant Wistar female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control, TMT+Saline, TMT+GA100, TMT+GA200 and TMT+GA400. To induce TMT intoxication, TMT (9 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant rats on embryonic day (ED) 14. From the ED12 to ED18, the treatment groups received orally GA at different doses. After fetal cesarean section on the ED21, neuronal density assessment of the entorhinal cortex, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and forebrain level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed by ELISA.

The results showed a significant increase in the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes and a significant decrease in MDA in the forebrain of GA-receiving groups compared to the TMT + Saline group. In addition, increased neuronal density was observed in the entorhinal cortex and CA1/CA3 regions of the hippocampus in the GA treated rats compared to the TMT + Saline group.

Prenatal TMT intoxication induced oxidative stress in the fetal forebrain, causing damage to the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of rat fetal brain. On the other hand, GA prevented and improved neuronal damage in these areas of the fetal brain.

 Sodium nitrite is a food preservative that can endanger human health. This study aimed to investigate the perinatal and neonatal effects of sodium nitrite on the functional and tissue structure of rats’ offspring kidneys.

In this experimental study, 56 female rats were divided into seven groups (n=8): control, perinatal and neonatal control groups, experimental groups 1 and 2 perinatal and neonatal (under oral treatment of doses of 90 and 180 mg/kg sodium nitrite during pregnancy and lactation). At the end of infancy, 8 offspring of rats were randomly selected from each group. After blood sampling, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were measured, and by extracting their kidneys, histopathological evaluation was performed.

 Perinatal and neonatal administration of 90 and 180 mg/kg sodium nitrite impaired renal tissue structure and significantly increased serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels (P<0.001) in rats’ offspring compared to those in the control groups.

 Sodium nitrite consumption during pregnancy and lactation increases the serum levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine by changing the tissue structure of the offspring kidneys.

Perinatal mortality is used as an indicator for evaluation of adequate perinatal and care services. Awareness of the major causes and effective factors on perinatal mortality play an important role in botl strengthening of obstetric services and in perinatal care planning (from pregnancy to birth and to neonatal care). The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on perinatal mortality in Rafsanjan city population. This descriptive study was done on 321 cases of perinatal death over 2 years period. For each case, one baby who was living up to the 28th day after brith and it's age was the closest to the case, has chosen as the control group. Data was obtained from hospital records also by interview with the nurse, mother and obstetrician (or the person who delivered the baby). Data were analyzed by chi-square and t- tests. Perinatal mortality rate was 32.2 per 1000 (29.1 and 34.9 per 1000 for girls and boys, respectively). The most common causes of newborn mortality were prematurity (%53.8), respiratory distress syndrome (%20.5), septicemia (%6.4) and the common causes of stillbirth were premature rupture of amniotic membrane (%27.7), pregnancy induced hypertension (%8.9), placenta abruptio (%6.3) and congenital abnormality (%5.4). Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between the fetal weight, gestational age, history of stillbrith and birth rank with stillbirth. Twin births, maternal age, previous maternal disease, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the number of pregnancy were among the risk factors that increased the newborn mortality rate. According to the findings, several reasons such as maternal age, birth grade, the average of gestational age, history of stillbirth, birth weight and primigravida play important role in occurrence of perinatal mortality. High priorities should be given to the strengthening and improvement of the obstetric services and initiating preventive efforts for above mentioned causes of prinatal mortality.