جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اثر ضد قارچی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The increase in the resistance of fungal species and the high side effects of antifungal drugs have led researchers to study and find new treatment methods against fungi. This study evaluated the anti-candidacy effects of local and artificial egg whites and compared them with amphotericin B.

This study was conducted experimentally in May 2023 in the Microbiology Laboratory of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences. This research tested the antifungal effects of local and machine chicken egg whites and amphotericin B using the micro broth dilution and zone of inhibition method. In this experiment, Candida albicans species were placed in the vicinity of different concentrations of substances, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of these substances on C. albicans were determined according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.This study has been registered with the ethical code IR. IR.KHALUMS.REC.1401.019 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.

Based on the results of the tests, the MIC of local and machine chicken egg whites on C. albicans was 25%, and their MFC was 50%.  However, in these concentrations, no growth was observed in the presence of amphotericin B. Moreover, the MIC and MFC values of 25 µl of amphotericin B with 75 µl of local and machine egg whites were 3.125% and 6.25%, respectively. The zone of inhibition for C. albicans in the vicinity of local and machine chicken egg white and amphotericin B was 12, 11, and 16 mm, respectively.

Local and machine chicken egg whites have antifungal properties against C. albicans.

The oral cavity contains more than 200 microbial species. Candida species are also part of the fungal flora of the oral cavity. In recent years, Candida krusei, as a common oral candida in AIDS patients, has been shown resistant to some antifungal drugs. The emergence of multidrug-resistant fungi, especially in immunodeficient populations, is a major global problem. Today, medicinal plants and their pure compounds in treating infectious diseases have provided a new horizon. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic activity of eugenol and fluconazole on the necrosis and apoptosis of Candida krusei (C. krusei) isolates from HIV+ patients with oral candidiasis.

The antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution (CLSI, M27-A2) method, and the synergy between eugenol and fluconazole was evaluated using the checkerboard method. Necrotic and apoptotic effects of different antifungal agents against C. krusei were analyzed using the flow cytometry method.

In antifungal susceptibility tests by microdilution broth, the mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of eugenol and fluconazole for C. krusei isolates were 755.06 and 60.1 µg/mL, respectively. According to the checkerboard test results, eugenol in combination with fluconazole exhibited significant synergistic effects against most of the yeast isolates tested (P<0.05). Eugenol decreased approximately 81.81% of the MIC value of fluconazole in growth inhibition of C. krusei. The flow cytometry test results indicated that eugenol plus fluconazole has significant necrotic effects on C. krusei isolates compared with the control group (P<0.05). In contrast, minor early and late apoptotic effects of this compound were observed. 

Eugenol can be used to reduce fluconazole dose, inhibit the growth of fluconazole-resistant C. krusei, and the necrosis of yeast cells.

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is increasing, and researchers are considering replacing effective antimicrobial agents with fewer side effects. One strategy is to focus on phytochemical activities with antimicrobial properties.  Researchers have now studied a variety of plants that could be potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Scabiosa extract has high antioxidant, flavonoid, and terpene properties.

After collecting the plant and preparing the methanolic extract, first, in order to identify the phytochemical compounds of the extract, GC/MS analysis was performed. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were calculated by the microbroth dilution method.

Chemical analysis of the extract revealed 85 compounds, most of which were alpha-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, P-xylene, and phytol. The MIC for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. Albicans was also calculated to be 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC value was also determined as 50 mg/ml for S.aureus and E.coli and 100 mg/ml for C.albicans. All tests were performed as a duplicate.

The results of this study showed that due to the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of this plant, its extract could be used as a substitute with minimal side effects for the treatment of common infections and inflammatory diseases.

 The widespread consumption of industrial fermented products instead of traditional products leads to the loss of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially the strains producing bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to isolate and molecularly identify LAB and investigate their antifungal impact on Aspergillus niger growth.

Oat bran was purchased from the Gorgan city market in 2019 and sourdough was prepared. Afterwards, bacteria were isolated and identified in the Microbiology Laboratory of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Next, the antifungal activity of LAB and their supernatant against A. niger was investigated. Finally, the identification of the cell-free supernatant of LAB was completed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Findings of the current study demonstrated that Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus sakei had the highest inhibitory effects of 30.25% and 18.47% against A. niger, respectively. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of L. brevis and L. sakei supernatants against A. niger was found as 3%. We observed that the greater effect of the supernatant of L. brevis could be due to the presence of ester, phenolic, and barbiturate compounds.

According to our results, dominant LAB from oat bran sourdough, as well as their cultured pellets have suitable antifungal potential against A. niger. Therefore, these bacteria can be used as a starter culture or co-culture in the fermentation products process, such as sourdough to decrease fungal contamination.

Nowadays the drug resistance outbreak in fungi is considered a serious threat to the health of human societies. Oxadiazole derivatives that are high biologically applicable can be a good alternative to common anti-fungal drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fungal properties of new derivatives synthesized of oxadiazole and compare them with common anti-fungal drugs on important fungi in medical study.

In the present study, from single-step reaction between N-isosyano-imino-3, phenyl-phosphorene, carboxylic acid derivatives and 2-pyridine-carbaldehid in acetonitrile solvent were obtained new derivatives of oxadiazole in single step form. Anti-fungal activity of new synthesized compounds were investigated on aspergillus flavus PTCC5004 and aspergillus fumigatus PTCC 5009 by well diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration.

All new synthesized compounds had promising antifungal activity against aspergillus flavus and aspergillus fumigatus.

All new synthesized compounds have anti-fungal activity on the two Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus fungi. In addition to the antifungal activity of newly synthesized compounds, single-step synthesis is a fast and easy route for the synthesis of drug compounds with efficacy More and less energy, as well as a clear vision for synthesizing and introducing new drug compounds into the medical community can be presented.

The resistance of opportunistic fungal strains has been on a growing trend in the recent years. The toxicity of antimicrobial drugs, development of fungal resistance, and incidence of drug interactions account for the consideration of new drug combinations against fungi. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to perform an in vitro investigation on the effect of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic water on Fusarium oxysporum.

The synthesis of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Falavarjan, Iran, using the co-precipitation method. The antifungal effects of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the impact of magnetic water with an intensity of 0.1 Tesla on Fusarium oxysporum were investigated using pur plate technique. Accordingly, the percentage of Fusarium oxysporum growth inhibition was determined.

Findings: The results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy showed that iron oxide nanoparticles had a diameter of 20-25 nm with a cubic shape. Based on the results of pur plate technique, 0.1 Tesla magnetic water reduced the diameter of Fusarium oxysporum colonies by more than 49.64% on all days. In addition, the iron oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 ppm inhibited the diameter of the fungal colony by more than 30% on all days. Furthermore, the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 ppm with 0.1 Tesla magnetic water inhibited the growth of fungal colonies by more than 50%. Therefore, the combined method exerted the greatest synergistic impact on reducing the diameter of the fungal colony. Similar to ketoconazole (concentration of 0.003 mg/ml), on the first day, iron oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 500 ppm inhibited fungal growth.
However, on the twelfth day, 0.1 Tesla magnetic water had a better performance, compared to ketoconazole as a conventional antifungal drug. As the findings indicated, paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-25 nm alone and in combination with 0.1 Tesla magnetic water had magnetic antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum

Candida glabrata is the fourth most common cause of blood infection in America and, due to its resistance to amphotericin B, we have to look for new therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles, copper and combine them together with amphotericin B in order to produce an effective drug.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for nano silver copper and combining them together and amphotericin B was conducted by macro dilution. By intraperitoneal injection, anti-fungal effect of nano silver, copper and combining them together and amphotericin B was evaluated in a mouse model.
The amounts of MIC and MFC for silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and their combination were 31 and 62.50 ppm, 31 and 62.50 ppm ,and 31and 15.50 ppm, respectively. The amounts of MIC and MFC for the combination of silver nanoparticles and amphotericin B were 8 and 15.5 ppm, also, 15.5 and 31 ppm for the combination of copper nanoparticles and amphotericin B. Mouse model study confirmed the effect of silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and combining them together and amphotericin B against Candida glabrata. The combination of silver and copper nanoparticles had maximum effect and the combination of silver and copper nanoparticles with amphotericin B had minimum effect in animal model.
The combination of silver and copper nanoparticles has a better effect than other groups.

Along with increasing antifungal resistance in recent years, using novel antifungal compounds have been extended considerably caused researchers have been investigated new antifungal compounds. Thiazole derivatives and silver nanoparticles are chemical compounds with antifungal effects which have attracted researchers recently. In this study the inhibitory effects of four thiazole-thiazolidine derivatives were studied on Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium solani.
In this study, at first, thiazole derivatives and silver nanoparticles were prepared as a solution. Then disk diffusion three times was used for calculation of growth inhibition zone diameters and serial dilution method in microplates was used to assess minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for three times in-vitro.
Results showed that 6a-c thiazole derivatives and silver nanoparticles had no significant inhibitory effects on all of the fungi, but growth inhibition zone diameters and MIC were reported 16 mm and 64 µg/ml for 6d thiazole derivative on Aspergillus niger.
In this study only existing of thiazole ring don’t have inhibition effects but the inhibitory effects of these compounds depend on cross linking to this ring; for example connection of oxygen to thiazole ring in 6d derivative is a proof to this claim, and also diameter and number in silver nanoparticles have important role in antifungal effect.

Recently opportunistic fungus resistance has significantly increased like Candida albicans. The poison in antibacterial drugs, resistance in fungus and existence of different drugs make it necessary to use more effective drugs with a higher level of influence and less poison. also large number of investigations showed biologic influence of silver nanoparticles.The aim this study was In vitro comparison of antifungal effect of silver nanoparticle on Candida producer of vulvovaginal candidiasis. In order to identification of samples was used from conventional mycological morphology on corn meal agar and chrom agar and germ tube production. To evaluate the antifungal effect of spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter on the isolates. Inhibitory zone diameter after 24-48 hour were performed by disk diffusion method. Also inhibitory effect of nanoparticles in all the samples were compared with fluconazol. Also MIC and MFC of samples were determined by microdilution method. Total of isolates of C. albicans (50 sampels), 36 samples were inhibited with spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter. Inhibitory zone diameter was between 0-15 mm. MIC was between 31.25-125 ppm and MFC was between 62.5-250 ppm. The results of the present investigation showed that spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter has some antifungal effect against Candida albicans. Probably in the future after looking at this silver nanoparticles can be used in the treatment of producer of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

In recent decades, infections of fungi caused significant increase in the rate of disease creation. Also, there are some limitations in the treatment of fungal diseases such asshortages and high price antifungal drugs, lateral complications and drug resistance caused Attention of researchers to new antifungal drugs, especially herbal medicines. The purpose of this study is studying on antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of pinecone (Pinuselderica) of Tehran on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. In this study, antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pine tree of Tehran was investigated by two agar disk diffusion methods at 4 levels (5, 30, 55 and 80 mg/ml) and pure plate method. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16software and the means were compared using by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of P<0.05. MIC and MFC of ethanolic extract for Aspergillus niger was 32mg/ml and 128mg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, MIC of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. albicanswasrespectively32and8 mg/ml and MFC for thismold was 128and64mg/ml, respectively. In the agar diffusion method, all concentrations of methanol extract have inhibited effect on mentioned microorganismes.Aspergillus niger in mixed cultures showed dgreatest resistance when used to aqueous and ethanolic extract of pine cone of Tehran.The results show that aqueous and especially ethanolic extracts of pinecone of Tehran have ananti fungal effects especially on candida. So there is hope that in the future by replacing this extraction stead of chemical anti fungal drugs that have many lateral complications. Therefore, these method beableto controlfungal infections.

Malassezia furfur is the cause of pityriasis versicolor. Phenolic compounds in the walnut leaf have antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the antifungal effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of walnut leaf on M. furfur, in vitro. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of walnut leaf were prepared by simple distillation and Rotary method and then we studied the antifungal effects of these extracts on M. furfur by using disc and Well method, in vitro. Then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. SPSS18 software, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used for data analysis. The largest growth inhibition zone diameters for water, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were 30, 28.66and 46.33 mm, respectively, that were observed at a concentration of 110 mg/ml. MIC of aqueous extract for M. furfur was 25×103 mg/ml and its MFC was 5×104 mg/ml. The MIC and MFC of walnut leaf ethanolic extract were 6250 and 125×102 mg/ml, respectively. Also MIC and MFC of methanolic extract were 25×103 and 5×103 mg/ml, respectively. Statistical results showed that extracts had a different effect on the diameter of inhibition zones and increased concentration of the extracts led to increased inhibition zone diameters (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, extracts of walnut leaf can be a promising therapy in the future for the treatment of infections caused by M. furfur.

Increased consumption of synthetic antifungal compounds has created serious side effects and wide spread anti fungal resistance. This persuades researchers to look for effective herbal plants as an alternative option. We report the results of anti fungal properties of different crude extract and relevant fraction of aerial parts of Ephedra pachyclada. In this experimental study, extracts and fractions of Ephedra pachyclada were obtained by maceration standard methods. The crude extract and fractions were diluted in defferent values from 31.25 to 500mg/ml. Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium oxysporium were used for anti fungal activity assessment using standard agar diffusion methods. Total extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous fractions had antifungal effects against Candida albicans only. We concluded that this plant contains antifungal compounds on Candida albicans, so this experiments and evaluation are pre-requirement of any applicable recommendation.

Candida albicans is a human opportunistic fungus causing mucosal and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. There is evidence of increasing resistance to antifungal agents, thus it is necessary to search about new formulations for finding the antifungal agents. Some plants have antimicrobial properties due to presence of components such as polyphenols. We aimed at evaluating antifungal effects of Carvacrol essence, which is the main compound of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris, on standard strains and Fluconazole-resistance of Candida albicans. This study evaluated the Candida activity of essential oil Carvacrol by means of Inhibitory zone diameter and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), using Microdilution broth and Disc diffusion methods. To do this, Serial dilutions (10-100 µl) of essential oils were made in 96 well microtiter plates. The wells’ opacity was assessed by using a microtiter plate reader of solution. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil Carvacrol and Fluconazole were measured by counting the number of colony in Dextro agar medium. the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of Carvacrol essence in standard strains and Fluconazole-resistance Candida albicans are, respectively, 5.3 and 6.18µg/ml, and the Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) are 10.61 and 12. 3µg/ml. Inhibitory zone diameters are 45 millimeters for standard strains and 35 for Fluconazole-resistance Candida albicans. the results show that essence of Carvacrol has suitable antifungal effects against standard strains and Fluconazole-resistance of Candida albicans. These herbal essences, after supplementary studies, possibly can be used for infections caused by Candidas.

Introduction & In recent years, the incidence of opportunistic fungi has shown a marked increase. Infection caused by common pathogenic fungi is a significant health problem in immune compromised hosts. The present study evaluated antifungal activity of Titanum dioxide nanoparticles and Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid against Candida albicans as self-cleaning agent by standard micro dilution test. The present study was conducted at the Medical University of Tarbiyat Modares in 2009. TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride). Size and type of these nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD). Afterwards, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) test for TiO2 and EDTA were performed. Concentration of synthesised TiO2 was 7.03 mg/ml and 5.63 5.63 ×1020 particles/ml. Evaluation of morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed that nanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65 nm. MIC50 of 2.2, 1.24 and 0.125 µg/ml respectively. MIC90 and MFC of TiO2, EDTA and fluconazole were 3.51, 2.48, 0.5 µg/ml and 4.06, 3.1, 1 µg/ml respectively. In the present study, using of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method showed a suitable activity against Candida in comparison with Fluconazole. Thus it might represent a good candidates in elimination of Candida in medical from medical devices.

Backgrouns: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pistacia vera's pericarp extract on some common dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi of Iran and identifying its probable role to be used instead of chemical drugs. After collecting pericarp of Pistacia vera, drying and making it powder, extracts were obtained by using Percolation method with methanol and n-Hexan. To evaluate the anti-fungal activity of the extract, different dilutions of the extract (30-600 mg/ml) were prepared and tested against each fungus and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was measured via disc diffusion & broth dilution methods. The tested fungi were three types of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum) and two types of saprophytes (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The results showed that n-Hexan extract in disc diffusion method has no significant effect on the fungi, but it could inhibit Epidermophyton floccosum growth in 337mg/ml dilution and Microsporum canis growth in 450mg/ml dilution. For methanolic extract in broth dilution method, 60mg/ml was inhibitor for Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 240mg/ml dilution for Microsporum canis growth. In disc diffusion method we had 17 millimeter inhibitory zone around the pure extract in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. This extract had no anti-fungal effect against Aspergillus niger, but inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in 120mg/ml dilution and also calculated MBC for Candida albicans was 600mg/ml. Our research showed Pistacia vera's pericarp extract has different anti-fungal effects on experimented fungi.

In folk medicine, Nerium oleander L is used as cardiotonic, diuretic and as local in treating fungal infections. In this research the antimicrobial and antifungal effects of Nerium oleander was studied. In this study, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts were prepared by maceration and soxhelet methods. Different concentrations of each extract were applied on standard and nosocomial microorganisms by agar dilution, disk and cylinder plate methods. Microorganisms such as S. aureus, P. aerogenosa and C. albicans were taken from blood, feces, spinal fluid, wound, vagina and so on. Cloxacillin, gentamicin and clotrimasol were used as positive controls. The results showed that, among extracts, methanol extract had significant antimicrobial and antifungal effects, which was comparable to that of standard antibiotics. Chloroform extract showed no effect. Effect of methanol extract on microorganisms was as follow; 500mg/100ml of extract was equal to 1mg/100ml cloxacillin on S. aureus and 2mg/100ml gentamicin on P. aerogenosa respectively. 2g/100ml of extract was equal to 0.4mg/100ml clotrimasol on C. albicans. The methanol extract of Nerium oleander exerts significant effect compare to standard drugs.