جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اسید فولیک » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Memantine (MEM) is an NMDA receptor antagonist and one of the drugs approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's patients. In some previous studies, folic acid, or vitamin B9, which is also a water-soluble vitamin, has been demonstrated to improve cognitive disorders. The present study aimed to assess the effect of memantine and its combined administration with folic acid on learning and spatial memory in adult male rats.

In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups of 7: control, solvent (saline), memantine mg/kg; (i.p.) 10,5,3 (MEM and 10 mg/kg MEM - 15 mg/kg FA. Folic acid treatment was performed for seven days, starting two days before training, and memantine treatment for five days and 30 minutes before training. The rats were trained for five days with a Y-shaped maze device. Following that, 24 days after the training, a memory recall test was performed to evaluate long-term memory. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16).

Based on the results of this study, the comparison between the 5 mg/kg MEM (p˂0.05) and 10 mg/kg MEM (p˂0.001) groups with the control group pointed to a significant decrease in learning and spatial memory. A significant increase was detected in learning and spatial memory in the group of 10 mg/kg MEM - 15 mg/kg FA compared to the group that received 10 mg/kg MEM (P˂0.05). Moreover, in this study, the memory recall test results on the 30th day illustrated a significant decrease in learning and spatial memory compared to the 5th day of training in the groups of 10 mg/kg MEM and 10 MEM - 15 mg/kg FA (P˂0.05)

As evidenced by the results of this study, a dose-dependent decrease was observed in learning and spatial memory in the Y-shaped maze test in rats treated with memantine. In addition, in the administration of memantine and folic acid, a marked improvement was detected in learning disorder and spatial memory caused by memantine in adult male rats.

Maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of several fetal neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is not well known that excess folate intake from diet and supplements can impair neurodevelopment and behavior in offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic and high doses of folic acid before and during pregnancy in female rats on learning and spatial and avoidance memory in male and female offspring.

24 female Wistar rats received doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg folic acid by intraperitoneal injection two weeks before and during pregnancy. The control group received normal saline. Male and female offspring were divided into 8 groups. Learning behavior and spatial memory were measured by Morris blue maze test, avoidance memory by shuttle box test. The results showed that taking a dose of 2 mg folic acid before and during pregnancy causes spatial learning deficits in male offspring.

While spatial memory is unchanged compared to the control. This dose of folic acid also causes a disturbance in avoidance memory in both male and female offspring.

Our results suggest that high doses of folic acid supplements during early life (fetal) have the potential to impair neurological functions such as memory. Although the severity of this disorder can depend on the gender of the child.

Hypoxia is a decrease in oxygen levels of body tissues which can lead to body function impairment. Coenzyme Q and folic acid are well-known drugs with distinctive antioxidant and anti-ischemic activities, but, nothing is known about antihypoxic activities of these compounds. The current study investigated the antihypoxic activities of Coenzyme Q and folic acid in three experimental models of hypoxia; asphyctic, circulatory, and hemic.

Protective effects of coenzyme Q at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg and folic acid at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice were evaluated by increase in the survival time in asphyctic hypoxia, haemic hypoxia, and circulatory hypoxia models against negative control (normal saline) and positive control (propranolol 30 mg/kg). Analysis of variance was performed followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test to determine the differences between means.

Coenzyme Q at 25 mg/kg, in asphyctic and circulating models, showed activities similar to those of propranolol in increasing the survival time (P>0.05). Folic acid at 10 mg/kg, in hemic and circulating models, exhibited activities similar to those of propranolol in increasing the survival time (P>0.05).

Coenzyme Q and folic acid showed good protective effects by increasing the survival time against hypoxia in all models. The effects were dominant, especially in asphyctic and circulating models for coenzyme Q and in hemic and circulating models for folic acid which led to prolonged survival times. These drugs seem to have a good potential in treatment of hypoxic conditions.

Sperm cryopreservation is an important assisted reproductive technique. However, due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, it can impair sperm function and reduce quality of fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinic acid and folic acid on maintenance of sperm function during cryopreservation by evaluation of sperm parameters and chromatin concentration.

Thirty samples were collected from normozoospermic men and examined for chromatin quality, viability, membrane integrity, morphology and motility. The samples were frozen and placed in 4 groups: control, folic acid (50 nM), nicotinic acid (10 mM) and a combination of both. After cryopreservation, the four groups were compared with one another in regard to the sperm parameters. Also the sperm parameters were compared before and after freezing in every group. We assessed chromatin quality by TB staining, viability by eosin-nigrosin staining, membrane integrity by hypo osmotic swelling test, and morphology and movement by CASA software.

Before cryopreservation chromatin quality, membrane integrity, normal morphology, sperm motility were lower and immotile sperms were higher in all groups compared to those after cryopreservation (p <0.001). The highest chromatin quality was detected in the folic acid, folic acid + nicotinic acid groups and the lowest chromatin quality was observed in the control group (p</05). The rates of sperm viability and normal morphology were lowest in the control group and highest in the folic acid and other groups (p <0.05). percentage of membrane integrity was highest in the folic acid group followed by nicotinic acid + folic acid, nicotinic acid and control groups, respectively (p <0.05). Folic acid played an important role in maintaining sperm parameters.

Nicotinic acid and folic acid have a positive effect on maintaining sperm function during cryopreservation

Numerous studies have demonstrated different serum changes in vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in patients taking metformin. The present study aimed to make a comparison between patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) taking metformin and healthy individuals in terms of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients with T2DM and 40 healthy subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After recording individual characteristics and taking fasting blood, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Low-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured using commercial kits employing spectrophotometric methods. Moreover,  folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The results indicated that the mean scores of folic acid levels in T2DM patients and healthy subjects were obtained at 3.4±1.69 (ng/ml) and 9.1±4.78 (ng/ml), respectively. Moreover, the mean scores of vitamin B12 level were 176.05± 34.56 and 227.20± 56.84 (pg/ml) in T2DM patients and healthy subjects, respectively (P=0.0001). Except for the cholesterol level, the mean values of fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were significantly different between the two groups. With regard to the risk of a high level of biochemical indicators compared to standard, these indicators showed more increase in the patient group than healthy subjects.

As evidenced by the obtained results, there was a reduction in the vitamin B12 and folic acid levels significant changes in biochemical indicators in patients with T2DM, as compared to healthy subjects. This process can be dangerous in terms of complications and disease progression; therefore, it is recommended to prescribe the abovementioned vitamin supplements for these patients.

Anxiety is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder caused by excitation or destruction of various areas of the brain, including the hippocampus. Homocysteine (Hcy) has recently been identified as a potentially excitatory amino acid and a risk factor for central nervous system disorders. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of homocysteine administration on anxiety-like behavior in rats. Also, we aimed to investigate the possible protective role of folic acid administration as a potent antioxidant on alterations elicited by hyperhomocysteinemia in the hippocampus.

The rat pups were divided randomly into four groups. Group I received normal saline, group II received Hcy subcutaneously twice a day at 8-h intervals (0.3- 0.6 µmol/g body weight), group III received Hcy + folic acid (0.011 µmol/g body weight) and group IV received folic acid on postnatal day (PD) 4 until 25. On the 26th day, anxiety and exploratory behavior of animals was examined using the open field and elevated plus maze tests, respectively. Also, histological study was performed.

Hcy administration increased the plasma total Hcy level. Folic acid significantly reduced plasma Hcy level. Hcy induced anxiety-like behavior. The number of rearing significantly reduced following Hcy administration (p < 0.05). The percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze significantly reduced and percentage of time spent in the closed arms increased following Hcy exposure in the rats (p < 0.001) as the control group. Folic acid treatment significantly elevated the percentage of time spent in the open arms and reduced the percentage of time spent in the closed arms in Hcy + Folic acid exposure rats as Hcy rats (p < 0.05). Histological study indicated that there was no significant change in number of hippocampal cells among groups.

Hcy can induce anxiety-like behavior and folic acid has protective effect against Hcy- induced anxiety.

Migraine is a common, painful and potentially debilitating disease that is characterized by frequent, unilateral, pulsating attacks of moderate to severe severity. The main cause of migraine is unknown. It seems the B vitamins affect clinical symptoms of the migraine headache. In this study, we reviewed the effects of some vitamins B on improving the symptoms of migraine headaches and their possible mechanism of action. In this study, we evaluated the articles published between 2002 and 2018 on this topic in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

The findings of several studies suggest that some of vitamins B can improve migraine headaches, particularly their frequency and severity. Dietary supplementation of vitamins B could efficiently prevent or alleviate different symptoms of the migraine headache.