جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "افراد سالمند" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

So far, studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of exercise elderly people, Evaluation of the components of balance and the disorders of these components and its effects on the type of balance training provided to the elderly have received less attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare two types of specific and comprehensive balance exercises at home on balance indices in elderly men.

Forty healthy young elderly people between the ages of 60 and 75 were randomly divided into one of three groups: specific training (13 people), comprehensive training  (14 people) and control group (13 people). Evaluation of balance component disorder was measured by BEStest from participants in all three groups. In specific Group One balance exercises were presented based on the assessment of disorder in balance components. The exercises presented to the comprehensive group were without regard to the evaluation of individuals. Timed Up and Go Test, Single leg stance test and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale were measured before and after training and after one month of follow-up from all participants. Data were analyzed using Repeated measures analysis of variance at a significance level of P = 0.05 by SPSS software.

The results showed that specific and comprehensive balance training programs can have positive effects on the pre-test-post-test stages in Timed Up and Go Test (P = 0.001), Single leg stance test (P = 0.001) and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (P = 0.001). Also, follow-up of the results after one month from the end of the research in the post-test-follow-up phase in three balance indices showed significant and positive effects.

The final results of the present study showed that both specific and comprehensive exercises at home can have positive and lasting effects on improving balance indices in healthy elderly men.

Coordination and balance is an indicator to determine the degree of independence of the elderly in performing daily activities.

In this quasi-experimental study, with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 elderly men referred to Arak nursing home with a mean age (68.03 ± 6.05 years), weight (62.20 ± 9.50 kg) height (163.77 ± 6.93 cm) was available as a sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. The training group practiced in Frankel training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes. Pre-test was performed before training and post-test after 8 weeks of training and the results of both groups were compared. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the data and paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the findings within the group and between groups, respectively. Significance level was considered less than 0.05

The results of the present study showed that 8 weeks of Frankel training had a significant effect on coordination, static, dynamic balance and functional dynamic balance in the post-test compared to the pre-test of the experimental group (P = 0.001). Frankel exercises had a significant effect on coordination (p = 0.042), static balance (P = 0.02), dynamic balance (P = 0.04) and dynamic functional balance (p = 0.001) in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control group.

It seems that doing Frankel exercises can be suggested as a good training method to improve coordination, static and dynamic balance and improve dynamic functional balance in older men. Therefore, the results of this study introduce a new method for rehabilitation of the elderly.

Activities of daily living allows older adults to maintain their independence. Moreover, demographic variables can affect their ability to perform these activities. The present study was conducted to assess the status of activities of daily living of older adults and associated factors in the city of Bojnurd (urban and rural).

In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 450 older adults were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, basic and instrumental life activities questionnaires. Open questions were used to assess advanced activities of daily living. Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 using non-parametric tests.

In assessing necessary activities of daily living, 95.4% of older adults were independent, 3.9% somewhat dependent, and 0.7% dependent, with a mean (standard deviation) of 15.49(1.74), which showed significant relationships with age, chronic diseases, and constant use of medications (P < 0.05). About instrumental activities of daily living, 71.5% of older adults were independent, 16.4% dependent, and 12.1% total dependent, with a mean (standard deviation) of 11.3(3.36), which showed significant relationships in terms of age, gender, education, marital status, chronic diseases, and constant use of medications (P < 0.05). Of participating older adults, 77.9% took part in social activities. These activities had significant relationships with age, gender, education, marital status, income, chronic diseases, and constant medications (P < 0.05).

Demographic factors affect the level of activities of daily living in older adults. Proper planning may improve older adultschr('39') activities and their lifestyle.

Previous studies have stated that the scapulohumeral rhythm dysfunction can make a person prone to glenohumeral joint pathologies. The purpose of this study was to survey symmetric resting scapular posture and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in elderly subjects in different humeral abduction angles.

Thirty-five healthy elderly male subjects (age: 60-70 years) participated in this study voluntarily. Two inclinometers were used to measure humeral abduction and scapular upward rotation in scapular resting position, 45, 90, and 135 shoulder abduction in the frontal plane. Subjects performed humeral abduction with dominant and non-dominant shoulders in the frontal plane randomly. The scapulohumeral rhythm was calculated from division humeral abduction to upward rotation of the scapula from scapular resting position to 45°, 90°, and 135° humeral abduction in frontal plane. ANOVA with repeated measure and dependent variable test were used for comparison of differences within-group and effect of independent variables on the scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio. The level of significance was set at p< 0.05.

ANOVA with repeated measure test (2×4) indicated that dominance or non-dominance shoulder and humeral abduction angle had significant effects on scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio (p<0.05) as dominance scapula had more upward rotation and less scapulohumeral rhythm ratio. Also, scapula had more upward rotation and less scapulohumeral rhythm ratio with increasing humeral abduction angle (p<0.05). On the other hand, paired-sample test indicated there is no asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant scapula in scapular resting position but there are significant differences in scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in 90° and 135° humeral abduction in the frontal plane (p<0.05).

It seems that clinicians should be careful in designing special training to prevent shoulder disorders regarding the significant decrease in scapular upward rotation and subsequent increase in scapulohumeral rhythm ratio in the non-dominant shoulders of elderly subjects.

In recent decades, the number of the elderly has been on the rise, and because of their age, they demand certain health, hygienic, mental and physical care. Research indicated aging as an influential factor leading to sleep disorders and, therefore, the present paper aimed to predict sleep disorders based on coping skills and mindfulness among the elderly in a nursing home in Kermanshah, Iran. It was a descriptive correlational study. The research sample included all the elderly people staying in the nursing homes in 2018-19. The sample size was 125 individuals who were selected based on cluster sampling. To collect data, Baer mindfulness questionnaire, Endler and Parker coping strategies questionnaire, Berlin sleep apnea questionnaire, and Zomer sleep disorders questionnaire were used. SPSS software and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that coping and mindfulness skills could predict sleep disorders among the elderly, so to improve control and concentration in the target group, it was recommended that they attend mindfulness skill workshops. It was also suggested that in elderly people suffering from sleep disorders, problem solving coping strategy must be prioritized over preventive and emotional-based coping skills.

Regarding the high prevalence of caries and oral dental diseases, especially in the elderly, and the increasing attention of people to using the concept of quality of life, this study was conducted to determine the relation between oral and dental health and the quality of life in elderly people in Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Yazd Public Health Survey (YAHS) with a sample of 9293 people, in 1393-94. All information was collected from 1907 elderly people aged between 60 to 70 years, including quality of life and oral and dental indexes from the comprehensive questionnaire of YAHS. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS16 software.

There was a significant relationship between the quality of life and oral hygiene (P<0.01). Also, the score of quality of life and oral health was significantly related to education (P<0.01).

This study showed the positive relation between the oral health the quality of life. In addition, there was a quality of life level in the elderly people with poor oral hygiene.

Auditory-verbal memory decreases with age. One method to compensate this weakness is transcranial direct current stimulation. The current study investigated the effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on auditory-verbal memory performance of healthy elderly people.

In a randomized clinical trial, 42 healthy subjects with no history of cognitive problems were divided into experimental and control groups (n=21 per group). All participants received 10 sessions of electrical stimulation at 2 mA. In order to evaluate the auditory-verbal memory of the subjects, the Persian version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used before and after electrical current delivery.

In experimental group, the mean scores for all stages of the RAVLT, were found to be significantly different after electrical stimulation compared to those before stimulation (P<0.05). Also, the mean scores for all stages of the RAVLT showed significant differences between the control group and experimental group after electrical stimulation (P< 0.05) except in the reminder stage after the intervention (P= 0.075). 

Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation affects the electrical potential of nerve cells membrane in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and increases neural activity of nerve cells in that area, which can lead to improvements in auditory-verbal memory.

Balance is an index to determine the level of independency of elderly(65 years and older) in their daily activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a combined aerobic and balance training on static, dynamic and functional balance of elderly women. this was a semi- experimental study with pre-test and post- test with one exercise intervention and one control group. 30 healthy elderly women volunteered to participate in the training and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. One day before the training initiates, functional test including: sharpend Romberg’s test (static balance with opened and closed eyes), Star Excursion balance test (dynamic balance) and Berg’s scale (functional balance) were performed in both groups. Then the experimental group started a 12-week (four sessions per week) combined aerobic and balance training while the other group was asked to continue its normal daily performance. At the end of 12 week, two groups were post- tested. Data were analyzed by independent T test, and ANCOVA statistical methods. No significant differences observed between pretest and post test scores in the control group (P< 0.05). Significant improvements observed in balance of the experimental group (P >0.05). The combined aerobic and balance training employed in this study resulted in considerable improvements in static, dynamic and functional balance in elderly women.

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is an important health problem that is prevalent the among elderly and probably is more prevalent in nursing home residents. So we conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of Vit D deficiency in elderly nursing home residents and compared it with the other elderly population. In a cross-sectional study 140 aged nursing home residents (G1) & 140 elderly in the community (G2) were enrolled. Serum 25(OH) D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Alkaline phosphatase (alp), Calcium, Phosphor, Albumin were measured in all subjects. We used t test, chi square test, ANOVA and correlation for statistical analysis of hypothesis. mean serum 25(OH) Vit D was 16.1±16.64 ng/ml in G1 and 39.62 ± 24.78 in G2 (p= 0.000) Vit D level less than 20 IU/ml was found in 75% of G1 and 24% of G2. There was a significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D and PTH in both groups, and between 25(OH)D and Alp in cases.(P=.001) In this study we showed that Vit D deficiency among the elderly in nursing home residents was higher than the adjusted population out of nursing homes. So we recommend to use replenishment methods or Vit D for the elderly who were more at risk.

After age 50 to 70 years, 15% of muscles strength is lost per decade. Elderly people need to 90% of knee extensor muscles strength for daily activities such as getting up from a chair, while this value is only slightly more than half in young people. Due to the importance of knee extensor muscles strength in elderly, the purpose of this study was effect of seated leg press exercise on knee extension strength in elderly. twenty-four elderly men (age 61.41±6 years, height 75.9±6.2 kg and weight 173.31±5.2) were randomly divided in two matched groups. Resistance training group performed one set of 12 repetitions with 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) in each session, twice a week for eight weeks. Control group were engaged in their daily activities in this period. Isokinetic strength of the knee extensors of both legs was determined at 60°/s with a dynamometer (Biodex system 3). The 8-week seated leg press exercise led to significant improvements in knee extension strength from pretest to posttest for both dominant and non-dominant leg in resistance training group (respectively P=0.002 and P=0.003). These changes were not significant in control group (respectively P=0.220 and P=0.168). performing one set of 12 repetitions with 70% of 1RM in each session, twice a week for eight weeks, may led to significant improvement in knee extension strength in elderly people.

This study investigated the effect of acute resistance exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the elderly. 22 healthy older men participated in this study (mean age of 60-75 years old). 72 hours after the determination of muscular maximal strength (by 1-RM test), subjects participated in acute resistance exercises via 75% 1-RM. Three blood samples were collected at before, immediately and 4hours after the exercise from Antecubital vein. Serum BDNF, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 measured by ELISA methods. Also, for statistical analyses Pearson correlation test and Repeated Measures (1×3) were used. Significant level was set at P≤0.05. The results showed that, occurs significantly increased in serum BDNF levels, immediately after a session of resistance exercise. But 30 minutes after completion of the protocol, there were no significant changes compared to the serums before the activity (P≤0.05). There was also a significant increase in the amount of IGF-1, after a session of resistance exercise. But 30 minutes after completion of the protocol, there was no significant change compared to the serums before the activity (P≤0.05). In the end, there was no significant change in the levels of IGFBP-3 in immediately and 30 minutes after resistance exercise protocol, compared to the serums before the activity. Summery, the results of this study showed that, in response to resistance exercise, the amount of BDNF and IGF-1 significantly increased, at immediately after the exercise, but there was no significant changes in the levels of IGFBP-3. According to the results of this study, it seems, resistance exercise causes positive changes in the amount of neurotrophic factors which involved in learning and memory. Subsequently, it may causes reduction in the prevalence of neurological disorders associated with learning and memory impairments such as Alzheimers, depression and dementia in elderly.

Obesity is one of the main causes of health problems in most countries. Adipose tissue secretes several proteins known as Adipokines, which have an important role in glucose metabolism system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute endurance exercise on serum levels of adiponectin levels in elderly overweight individuals (men). 12 healthy male subjects were investigated. All subjects performed one session of endurance exercise including: 30 minutes of cycling at 70-75% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples were taken before exercise and immediately after exercise inorder to analyzing the serum levels of adiponectin, insulin and glucose. Data were analyzed using student's t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. There were no significant changes in the adiponectin levels following exercise (P>0.05). There was also no significant correlation between adiponectin and insulin resistance index (P>0.05). Glucose and insulin concentration and insulin resistance index significantly decreased following exercise (P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between insulin and insulin resistance index (r=0/996). Although 30 minutes of cycling significantly altered glucose and insulin concentration and IR, had no significant effect on adiponectin levels.

Concomitant with aging the amount of myostatin، as most important negative regulator of muscular mass، increases. Presumably، this issue has correlation with decrement of muscular mass and muscular strength. On the other hand، the response of this protein to resistance exercise in these people is not perfectly clear. Therefore، the aim of this study was to investigative the relationship between plasma myostatin with muscular volume and muscular maximal strength and it’s response to acute resistance exercise in elderly. 12 healthy old men participated in this study (60-75 years old age). 72 hours after the determination of muscular volume and muscular maximal strength، subjects participated in acute resistance exercise. Three blood samples were collected immediately before، and 4 hours after the exercise from antecubital vein. Plasma myostatin measured by ELISA methods. There was a significant correlation between muscular mass and muscular strength with plasma myostatin in older men (P<0. 05). Immediately and 4 hours after the resistance exercise the amount of myostatin significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Furthermore، the amount of myostatin 4 hours after the exercise showed a non-significant decrease as compared to immediately after the exercise. Our findings indicate that the increment of myostatin is along with decrement of muscular mass and strength in elderly. On the other hand، resistance exercise can decrease the plasma myostatin. This may decrease the prevalence of age-related muscular atrophy (sarcopenia) in the elderly

Balance is an index to determine the level of independency of elderly(65 years and older) in their daily activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a functional training program on static and dynamic balance of elderly male able-bodied subjects. Thirty elderly male subjects (age: 70/83±3 y, weight: 70/60±2/44 kg, height: 1/78±2/28 m) participated in this study where they randomly divided in two control and experimental groups. The pre-test of Sharpened-Romberg (static balance with eyes open and close) and Timed-get up and go (dynamic balance) balance tests applied a day before starting functional training program. Experimental group participated in functional training program three days a week for six weeks. Control group asked to continue their daily activity. The post-test applied afterward. Descriptive statistics, T-test for independent samples and paired sample T-test (α ≤ 0.05) applied for statistical analysis. No significant differences seen in all three balance tests between two groups, but experimental group had better performance than control group in post-test. Paired sample T-test showed significant differences between pre and post-tests in all three tests for experimental group while no differences observed in control group. Due to results, static and dynamic balance among participants of this study is improved as a result of using functional training program. However, further evaluation needed to be done for long-term effects of using functional training program.