جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الیزا » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with relatively high prevalence in human societies. Due to the lack of information on toxoplasmosis infection in school-aged children in Bojnord, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in school-age students and the level of vitamin D3 deficiency in them in Bojnurd, Northeast of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and their correlation with vitamin D3 deficiency were analyzed with ELISA among 361 school-aged children living in the urban areas of Bojnord.

Of the 361 recruited subjects, 175 (48.5%) cases were male, and 186 (51.5%) subjects were female. They were within the age range of 7-18 years. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii among school children was 6% (22/361), that were positive for T. gondii IgG, and none of the children were positive for T. gondii IgM. No significant difference was found between males and females. Seropositivity to toxoplasmosis was not significantly associated with age, gender, residential area, and having contact with cats (P>0.05). Vitamin D3 deficiency was observed only in eight students with anti-toxoplasma antibodies.

As evidenced by the results of this study, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among school-aged children in Bojnord is relatively low; nonetheless, vitamin D3 deficiency was observed in people with toxoplasmosis; therefore, control programs and health education are necessary to prevent toxoplasmosis in children

In 2015, the European Union placed estrogen hormones on the list of compounds with a possible real risk to living organisms and emphasized the need for environmental research. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and effect of activated sludge process and chlorination on the fate of 17-beta estradiol and testosterone in hospital wastewater.

In this descriptive-analytical study, for each hormone, 18 samples were taken from different parts of a real scale treatment plant in a three months period. Hormone extraction was performed by solid phase extraction using selective C18 cartridge. The extracted hormones were assayed by ELISA specific kits (IBL, Germany). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests.

The minimum concentration observed in raw wastewater was related to 17β-estradiol and in the final effluent was related to testosterone. The mean concentration of testosterone in raw wastewater (6.08 ng/l) was significantly higher than the 17β-estradiol concentration (4.13 ng/l), but the difference in the mean concentrations (around 1 ng/l) of the two hormones in the final effluent was not significant. The overall efficiency of the activated sludge and chlorination processes in the removal of testosterone and 17β-estradiol was observed to be about 85% and 76%, respectively.

Although the treatment processes can reduce considerably the concentration of 17β -estradiol and testosterone, but the final hormones concentrations indicated that the type of effluent reuse and capacity of the receiving water resources must be considered.

Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases considered as a health and economic problem in many countries, such as Iran in the Middle East. Humans are infected with this disease as a result of direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. The prevalence of this disease is greater among veterinary staff as one of the high risk groups. The main purpose of this study was to determine of Brucella seroprevalence in the veterinary staff of Lorestan province using the indirect ELISA method.

This descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019.Total of 92 serum samples of veterinary staff with a history of contact with animals were tested for antibody against Brucella by commercial kit. 

Total of serum samples tested in this study, 72 were (78/27%) positive, 18 were (19/56%) negative, 2 were (2/17%) suspicious. According to the results of the present study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis among veterinary staff in Lorestan province is high.

Lorestan province is one of the endemic areas of malt fever and the seroprevalence in veterinary staff as one of the high risk groups based on this study is very high. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent disease in the human population by controlling and preventing disease in animals.

SARS-COV-2, the latest member of Coronaviridea family as the cause of the recent global epidemic, has inflicted sever damages in different fields on most governments. Appropriate strategies such as identifying infected individuals and isolating them, trying to produce an effective vaccine, finding efficient treatment and making correct decisions in the social, economic and health fields are the current priorities of the world. Serological tests provide useful information in all of the above areas. In this article we will discuss the importance of performing SARS-COV-2 serological tests in diagnosis, vaccination, treatment and proper planning in the society.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent, serious and chronic infection. It been associated causally with a diverse spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma. We conducted a study to Evaluation of the role of breastfeeding and breast milk on the colonization of H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract of 2-24 month old.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 92 children referred to Ali Asghar Hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences for two years (from July 2015 to June 2017). At first, a questionnaire was recorded by the neonatal specialist including demographic and clinical characteristics of the infants. Stool samples were taken from infants at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. We used the H. pylori stool antigen test to detection infection in the selected group of children. H. pylori status was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

In the study of breastfeeding at 12 months of age, 51.1% were fed only dry milk and 28.3% were breastfed only. At 24 months, 22 infants (24%) were breastfed with supplemental feeding and 54 children (58.7%) were  formula-fed only and 8 children (8.7%) were breastfed only. In our study, the prevalence of H. pylori in infants of Tehran, at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months, were 0%, 6.5%, 15.21%, and 34.4%, respectively. Of the 92 children studied, during the first month, 25 children (27.2%) only formula-fed and 49 children (53.3%) were breastfed only and (19.6%) 18 infants were breastfed with dry milk. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 28.3%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 20% in the breastfeeding group and 44% in the infant dry milk feeding group. The prevalence of H. pylori antigen was greater than 12 IU/ml in infants 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age, including 19.92 (20.6%), 19.92 (20.6%), 24.92 (26.1%) and 21.92 (22.8%), respectively.

According to the findings of the article, breastfed children compared to formula-fed children were less infected by Helicobacter pylori.

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important causes of abortion and postpartum infection in newborns. This study aimed to compare the indirect ELISA and immunofluorescence methods for the detection of anti-Listeria antibodies among women with spontaneous abortion.
In this study, indirect ELISA and immuno-fluorescence methods were used for the detection of anti-Listeria antibodies. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected from mothers with spontaneous abortion during the third trimester of pregnancy in a ward that examines the diseases of female genital tract in Kamali Hospital of Karaj, Iran. The samples were then transferred to the laboratory for examination using relevant kits. The serum titers of positive samples were also assessed via both ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence for evaluation of IgG and IgM antibodies. The antibodies titers were compared using SPSS software while P values From the 58 evaluated serum samples, 21 were positive for anti-Listeria antibody. Statistical analysis showed that ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence methods had identical sensitivity. Moreover, it was shown that identification of IgG antibody was better performed in both diagnostic methods.
Both ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence methods are suitable methods for the detection of antibodies against Listeria.

Hepatitis B infection is the tenth leading cause of death in the world and causes of 500,000 to 1.2 million deaths every year for reasons such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the patients with HBsAg positive test, referring to Imam Khomeini hospital Ahvaz, Iran.
Subjects and In this cross-sectional study, for the first time in our area, a comprehensive review of the prevalence of HBsAg among patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital Ahvaz, Iran, during 2012 to 2014 years was carried out using ELISA technique.
From 12668 subjects, 6900 were males and 5768 were females. among whom 172 (1.34%) were HBsAg positive. Among these, males constituted 124 subjects (72%) and the remainings (48, 28%) were females. The maximum age frequency was observed between the ages of 20 to 50 years.
These results suggest that the prevalence of HBsAg is relatively low and show that the implementation of vaccination program and hygiene schemes has been successful in the recent years in Ahvaz city and the surrounding areas.

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have a more surface contact and solubility than conventional hydroxyapatite. Hydroxynanoparticles enhances the biological and mechanical properties of new regenerated tissues. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have received attention as a new and effective osseous graft for using as scaffolds in bone regeneration. The reports on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles biocompatibility are controversial. It has been shown that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles induces inflammatory reaction and apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of nano-hydroxyapatite on the human epithelial cells.
The study was experimental and completed in vitro. The study was carried out in department of Immonulogy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in November 2014. The human-derived oral epithelium cell line (KB) obtained from Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran were exposed to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml concentrations in 24, 48 and 72 hours. Rod-shaped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with 99% purity and maximum 100 nm sized particles were used. Methylthiazol tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was employed for cell vitality evaluation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for assessing the viability of cells. Distilled water and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were positive and negative controls. ANOVA and Duncan tests were used for statistical analysis.
The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human-derived oral epithelium cell line in 24 (P Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles had a good biocompatibility. The biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were dose and time dependent. The lower concentrations than 0.05 mg/ml of nano-hydroxyapatite had the best biocompatibility over time.

Background & aim: One of the strategies to improve the therapeutic gene is targeting gene therapy. A method which can be considered, is adding code sequences peptide or protein with high tendency to target cells and secreting the therapeutic gene encodes a protein. However, evaluating the effectiveness of such changes in the targeted cell binding protein gene product with the usual therapeutic methods produced in prokaryotic system is directly impossible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design methods of cell adhesion proteins based on ELISA usable in-vitro in gene therapy.
In order to target the therapeutic gene Mda-7 by using genetic engineering, peptide coding sequence RGD4C with the tendency to cancerous cell surface integrin were inserted shortly after the artificial signal peptide sequence and the N-terminal coding region of the protein. Then, the modified and unmodified cDNA eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 were matched. Vectors were transfected in HEK-293 cell line. Then Mda-7 secreted expression levels were measured in cell culture by ELISA. After adjusting the protein concentration of Mda-7 and RGD.Mda-7, in cells transfected media, they were used as a source of protein. Reduce the concentration of these genes was assessed two hours after exposure to the integrin cell lines with HepG2, M21 and lacking integrin Saos-2 were also determined by ELISA. The present study was conducted three times independently. Data were analyzed using t-test.
Statistical analysis of the results suggested that the gene product of the gene product RGD.Mda-7 and Mda-7 to connect to HepG2 cells and M21 were more likely to have integrin. While binding to the cell lines of Saos-2, no significant difference were observed.
It seems the present ELISA based method was a suitabl e strategy for cell attachment assay in gene therapy research.

Helicobacter pylori infects 50–60% of the world population and is major cause of gastritis, duodenal (peptic) and gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. H. pylori infection has a worldwide distribution and almost a third of the world’s population is infected. This study was conducted to determine the level of anti- H. pylori IgG, IgM in suspected patients of Salmas.
A total of 461 (ages 0-70 years) referred to the reference medical laboratories of Salmas city in 2013-2014 were studied. The blood samples were taken and anti-H.pylori antibody titers of IgM and IgG were determined by ELISA.
Out of 461 samples, 267 cases (58%) were women and 194(42%) were male, 320 cases had both of anti-Helicobacter (IgM and IgG), and 141cases were negative.
Strategies to improve sanitary facilities, educational status, and socioeconomic status should be implemented to minimize H. pylori infection.

toxocariasis is clinical complications, which is generally due to the establishment of the second group stage larvae of nematodes of animal and will be exist in the tissues of the human body. By eating the parasite larva, human will suffer from various forms of larva migrans including visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cerebral larva migrans and covert toxocariasis, the study conducted to determine Toxocara canis infection in children 2-14 years old of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in 2014.Methodos: this is a cross-sectional study and 552 samples of children 2-14 years old in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari were selected by quota Non-random sampling. Serum samples were examined to Toxocara canis antibodies using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Mann Whithney test by SPSS. 294 boys and 230 girls were sampled, 321 (2.58%) were from city and the rest were from the village. From 552 samples, 11 (2%) showed toxocariasis infection. There is a significant relationship between Toxocara canis infection and father's job, relation to dogs and the eosinophil amount. But there was no significant relationship between Toxocara canis infection and sex, residential city, residential place (urban or rural). 2% of antibody anti- Toxocara canis showed the importance of attends to parasitic infection in the community and in this regard, it would be increase awareness in the population about the danger of parasitic infection and anthelminthic treatment of dogs by veterinarians and control stray dogs. Keywords: Seroepidemiology, toxocariasis, Toxocara canis, ELISA.

Q fever is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution; this disease is a public health concern in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk factors with Q fever seropositivity among veterinarians and vet staff in Southern Khorasan.
Questionnaires were prepared and 92 blood samples were obtained from all veterinary staff in the South Khorasan (East of Iran). The serum samples were tested with an indirect ELISA kit (anti body phase II); then, SPSS version 19.0 was employed to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and a confidence interval of 95%, chi-square test, and logistic regression.
The results showed that 50 serum samples (54.35%) were positive and the results of data analysis with logistic regression indicated an association between seropositivity and contact with animal secretions and abortive materials. There was no correlation between seroprevalence and age, gender, work experience, education, use of unpasteurized dairy products, knowledge of disease, and clinical findings.
In conclusion, the present study showed a high seropositivity rate among vet staff which indicates that further attention should be paid to this disease in these groups.

Dogs have been introduced as a major reservoir of Leishmania infantum. Concerning the increased sporadic reports of humeral visceral leishmaniasis in Golestan province, we aimed to study seroepidemiology of leishmania infantum in Rural Dogs. this study was conducted in 2012 - 2014 on 150 Serum samples of rural dogs, from 10 districts of Golestan province. The samples were analyzed by ELIZA kit. the frequency of leishmania infantum was 15.3% and it was higher in the dogs aged more than four. There were no differences in Leishmania infantum infection between sexes and seasons. our findings indicate the presence of Leishmania infantum in Golestan Province. Given the presence of positive titer of Leishmania infantum in dogs without clinical signs, we emphasize the main role of rural dogs in transmitting Leishmania infuntum to villagers in the studied area.

Bioindicators of drinking water are always influenced by physical and chemical factors such as turbidity and chlorine. Considering the assessment of drinking water quality is based on residual chlorine, E.coli, heterotrophic bacteria and turbidity. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pH, chlorine residual and turbidity on the microbial bioindicators. In this descriptive-analytic study, 324 and 32 water samples were collected from rural and urban water distribution network of Aq Qala city in 2013, respectively. All steps were performed according to standard methods. In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and the heterotrophic more than 500CFU / ml. In urban network, coliform contamination was not seen and other bioindicators were less than those of rural networks were. Turbidity of above 5 NTU in urban and rural samples was 3 and 9 percent, respectively. Bioindicators had significant relationship with residual chlorine, fecal coliform bacteria with pH and turbidity with heterotrophic bacteria (P ≤0.05). The presence of fecal streptococcus bacteria in some samples without fecal coliform cannot confirm the safety of drinking water. Microbial contamination in the presence of residual chlorine implies that just chlorination is not enough for having healthy water.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. Early infection by these protozoa can develop an antibody response which is preventive of abortion and congenital Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. This study was conducted to determine Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in women referring to Kashan Reference Laboratory. This descriptive study was carried out in 2008-2012. Blood samples of 434 women referring to Reference laboratory were examined for IgG and IgM antibody of Toxoplasmosis by Elisa method. Out of 434 women, 311 (71.66%) were seronegative, 123 (28.34%) had IgG antibody (≥10 IU/ML), and 7 (1.6%) cases were positive for IgM antibody spontaneously (>=1.1 IU/ML).The highest seropsitive rate was identified in 25-35 year-oldgroup (46.3%) and 35-45 year-old group (26%) respectively. In 36.6% of seropsitive women, a 10-50 IU/ML of IgG antibody was detected and only 5 subjects(4.1%) enjoyed up to 250 IU/ML antibody. This study showed that a high rate (71.66%) of women who had referred to Kashan Reference Laboratory were negative for Toxoplasmosis antibody. This is very important for the reason that many of the pregnant women are susceptible and thus exposed to Toxoplasmosisis. So preventive and educational measures are recommended for women in this region.

Background and Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic disease with high eosinophil count caused by Toxocara (T.canis and T. cati(. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocara IgG antibody among healthy adult individuals with over 10% eosinophilia count who referred to Health center of Babol and also to find out the risk factors associated with this infection. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 6984 subjects, 322 healthy adult with over 10% eosinophilia and aged above 15 years old, were randomly chosen throughout 2013. Serum samples were collected and examined using indirect ELISA technique as specific IgG against Toxocara canis. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Chi square test in SPSS ver. 16. The overall seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was 23.5% (n=76) in studied individuals. The cases were 45 (59.2%) male and 31(40.8%) female. The results showed significant differences between inhabitant area (elevated rate in rural area) (P=0.001) and job (elevated rate in farmers) (P=0.005). Our study showed that farmers and individuals resident in rural areas are more at risk of toxocariasis. Enhancing public awareness about this disease and more efficient control of stray dogs are recommended to decrease the rate of this infection.

Background and Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the fatal zoonotic diseases of dogs and humans that is created by Leishmania infantum. Wild and domestic canids are the main reservoirs. Recent reports have shown the growth of leishmaniasis in non-endemic areas of Iran such as Golestan province (in northeast of Iran). Jackals (Canis aureus) are widely distributed in rural areas of Golestan province. So, this study was carried out to survey the role of jackals in epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Golestan province. Serum sample of 60 jackals has been collected and analyzed by ELIZA kit. According to the kit instruction, 5(8.3%) serum samples have been found positive. Frequency of infection was similar in both sexes and different seasons. L.infantum infection of sampled jackals revealed presence of L.infantum in sampling areas and also the possibility of L.infantum spread among wild and rural areas by jackals. More vast and molecular studies with high sensitivity and specificity on L.infantum of jackals are recommended to obtain more accurate information on the role of jackals in spreading leishmaniasis.

Q fever، due to Coxiella burnetii، is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. This disease is a public health problem in many countries especially in recent years. The diagnosis of Q fever relies mainly upon serology، the most commonly used method being the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This technique is preferred to other serological tests because of its reliability، high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this research was to design an ELISA kit for detection of acute Q fever. In current study، an indirect ELISA has been developed and optimized for detection of anti-human phase II C. burnetii antibodies. Activity of developed kit was compared with a commercial kit. Also 45 suspected serum samples were tested to evaluate its performance. The constructed ELISA kit was able to detect serum samples with high specificity and sensitivity similar to a commercial diagnostic kit. Evaluation of 45 suspected human serums by this kit revealed 9 sera (20 %) as positive، 32 sera (71. 11 %) as negative and 4 sera (8. 88 %) as border line. These data indicated that the developed ELISA Kit can be used in diagnosis of acute Q fever in human patients