جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اندودنتیکس" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Digital and film-based radiography are the most common methods of working length determination. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of working length determination of curved canals using digital and film-based radiography.

This experimental and interventional study, included forty teethwith curved canals conducted atthe Dentistry Faculty of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018. After access cavity preparation, the direct observation method of the apical tip of the file in the root apex determined the actual working length. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks. Canal curvature was calculated based on Schneider’s method using software of indirect digital radiography. Images gathered by E-speed film and digital sensors. A pre-curved file was used to measure the working length offilm-based images. In digital radiography, a digital caliper was used to measure the working length with three and six clicks. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis, paired t-test, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The Level of significance was set at 0.001.

All groups overestimated the actual length although there weren’t any significant differences (p value > 0.05). Paired t-test didn’t show any significant differences between digital and film-based groups (p value > 0.05).

Considering several advantages of digital radiography over the film-based method, it is the preferred method for working length determination of curved canals.

The treatment of an immature tooth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis is a major challenge for clinicians. The endodontic treatment of such teeth entails apexification, apical barriers, or more recently, revascularization. The current study reports an immature replanted tooth treated with calcium hydroxide medicament. A 13-year-old female patient with a history of abscess formation in tooth #45 was referred to the Department of Endodontics, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz, Iran. The clinical and radiographic examinations revealed a necrotic pulp, a root with an open apex, and periradicularradiolucency.

The treatment was rendered under rubber dam isolation and local anesthesia.The root canal was irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and medicated with calcium hydroxide. Thepatient did notreturn for the completion of treatment in the next session. Twelve months later, she returned to the Department; she was asymptomatic and the root development was observed. The canal was then dried with paper points and obturated with thermoplastic injection technique.

Root canal therapy is one of the most important treatments for oral and dental health. To a large extent, the success of treatment is dependent on endodontic treatment errors, and since the treatment errors are affected by the type of dental education, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of errors during root canal treatment by students, entering the university in 2010-2012, who were trained with and without the use of a head phantom in the Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive-analytical study (historical cohort), 400 records were collected from the students entering the university in 2010, who were trained without a head phantom, and 400 cases related to students entering the university in 2012, who were trained with a head phantom. The records were first coded by one of the members of the admission department and then examined by two researchers for the root canal errors during the stages of access cavity preparation, root canal preparation and obturation of the root canals. These errors were collected in a double-blind manner and analyzed with SPSS 20, using Chi-squared test. Statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05. In this study, root canal treatments rendered by dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were proper in 67.5% of the cases and the prevalence of root canal treatment error was 32.5% among students. The highest frequency of root canal errors among students was related to overfilling (43.9%) and the least error was related to furcal perforation (0.37%). The prevalence of root canal treatment errors among students entering the university in 2010 and 2012 were 41.6% and 24.4%, respectively. The present study showed that the prevalence of endodontic treatment errors by students trained with a head phantom was significantly less than that by those who were trained without a head phantom. Therefore, it can be concluded that the teaching of dental students using head phantoms can reduce root canal treatment errors by students.

A dentist must be aware about the medications that he/she prescribes, particularly those taken by patients with systemic disorders. The present study focused on the level of knowledge of general dentists in Ardabil concerning the medications prescribed during root canal treatment. The present cross sectional–descriptive study focused on the knowledge possessed by Ardabil general dentists concerning the medications prescribed during root canal treatment in 2016‒2017. To this end, we developed a questionnaire which was completed by as many as 80 general dentists. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographic data and level of awareness of the dentists. Data were analyzed with SPSS 23, using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The results suggested that the level of knowledge on the drugs prescribed during root canal treatment was moderate (14.56 ± 6.91). Furthermore, the results showed that the mean knowledge levels of the dentists concerning the medications prescribed during root canal treatment were significantly different in terms of age, experience and university of origin (p value < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in terms of gender and source of knowledge acquisition (p value > 0.05). The level of knowledge of the general dentists in Ardabil concerning medications prescribed during root canal treatment was moderate. The inverse relation between the experience and level of knowledge indicates that knowledge of the dentists is not updated relative their increasing experience and no serious measures have been taken to update their knowledge. This reveals the need for consideration of retraining courses for the dentists concerning the medications prescribed during root canal treatment.

The most common morphology of mandibular molars is two roots and three root canals; nonetheless, unusual anatomic variations may exist.
Case reports: This study reports two cases of mandibular first molars with a mid-mesial root canal that underwent treatment and follow-up in the Endodontics Department of Isfahan School of Dentistry. During the initial treatment, the mid-mesial root canal had not been detected in both cases due to the failure to prepare a convenient access cavity.
Preparation of convenient access cavity, knowledge of canal anatomy and presence of uncommon variations should be more appropriately taken into account during the general training and systematic re-training programs of general dental practitioners.

Nowadays Ni-Ti rotary files have many advantages and are totally accepted in endodontic treatment. Sterilization of Ni-Ti rotary files is essential due to their frequent clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics of M-two rotary files before and after autoclaving with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Ten #25 new M-two Ni-Ti rotary files (VDW, Munich, Germany) with 0.06 taper were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy under two magnifications of ×200 and ×1000 before and after 1, 5 and 10 autoclave cycles in this experimental prospective study. Scanning electron microscopic images were inspected in relation to surface changes, including the presence of millings, debris and surface irregularities. Paired-sample t-test was used for data analysis with SPSS 22 (α=0.05).

Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed cavities, debris and surface irregularities on specimens of both file groups, in the as-received condition and after sterilization. Surface irregularities and corrosion increased significantly after 10 autoclave cycles (p value = 0.001).

The results showed that after multiple autoclave cycles, debris, holes and surface corrosion increased significantly. These surface imperfections were proportional to the number of autoclave cycles and single autoclave cycle seemed to have a less detrimental effect on rotary files. However, multiple autoclave cycles increased surface irregularities progressively. The results showed inherent Ni-Ti rotary file limitations in clinical usee and after multiple sterilization cycles.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has attracted considerable attention as a new diagnostic imaging technique in dentistry. The aim of this study was to review its application in Endodontics. Electronic databases (MedLine, EMBase, Cochrane, Iran Medex, Science citation index, Scopus and Google scholar) were searched by the authors for articles published from 1999 to 2012. “CBCT imaging”, “Endodontics”, “vertical root fracture or VRF” and “periapical or PA lesions” were the searched key words. The assessment of PA lesions, healing process, tooth morphology, accessory canals, root curvature, traumatic injuries, internal and external tooth surfaces, root resorption, fracture lines specially vertical root fracture, perforations, broken instruments, over-extended filling materials, calcified canals, proximity and superimposition of roots and pre-surgical evaluation are the challenges that cannot be adequately addressed by conventional radiography. Cone beam computed tomography is a valuable imaging modality with minimal radiation exposure to the patient that provides maximal information for the clinician. It is going to be the front-line dental imaging modality in near future.

Antibiotics are widely prescribed in dentistry. However, the indications of antibiotic therapy are limited, especially in endodontics. There is little information available concerning the pattern of antibiotic prescription among dentists. The aim of this study was to evaluate and determine pattern of antibiotic prescription among general dental practitioners in Isfahan, Iran. In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 280 general dental practitioners of Isfahan were included. A questionnaire containing 15 questions was prepared. Before the study was initiated the reliability and reproducibility of the questionnaire were determined. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical tests using SPSS software. For non-allergic patients, amoxicillin 500 mg, 3 times daily (63.3%) and penicillin VK 500 mg, 4 times daily (11.4%), were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, respectively. For patients allergic to penicillins, clindamycin 300 mg, 4 times daily (39.3%) and erythromycin 400 mg, 4 times daily (28.2%), were the first and second antibiotic choices. An initial double dose was prescribed by 39.3% of the subjects. Painful irreversible pulpitis without apical periodontitis (5.7%) and necrotic pulp with acute apical abscess (85%) were the least and the most common cases in which antibiotics were prescribed, respectively. Most of the participants prescribed antibiotics for a proper duration. However, most dentists were not aware of how to prescribe antibiotics. It seems that it is necessary to improve the knowledge of dental practitioners concerning the patterns of antibiotic prescription through continuous education programs.

Statement of Problem: Post-treatment endodontic pain is a concern of both patients and dentists. Several methods and drugs have been suggested to prevent the pain. In several studies, the use of long acting local anesthetics has been considered in the prevention of pain after some dental procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine as local anesthetics on the incidence of pain after root canal therapy. A total of 60 patients referring to 3 endodontists were invited to participate in this double blind clinical trial study. The patients had no history of cardiovascular disease, hypersensitivity to amide types of local anaesthetics, renal failure and hyperthyroidism. They were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: 0.5 percent Bupivacaine with 1.200000 Epinephrine or 2 percent Lidocaine with 1.100000 Epinephrine. After root canal therapy, the extent of postoperative pain was measured during 48 hours and categorized into 4 scores, 0 to 3. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test for comparing the pain scores among the patients and Fischer’s Exact test for evaluating the correlation between, sex, jaw position, type of pulpal disease and preoperative pain with postoperative pain. Statistical analysis showed that Bupivacaine significantly reduced the incidence of flare-up after root canal therapy (p =0.002) and the need for analgesics was significantly decreased using Bupivacaine (p =0.01). Long acting local anesthetics can be used in endodontic treatment especially for patients with high prediction of postoperative pain.

Dental phobia is one of the reasons which prohibit patients from referring to dentistry on time. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of music (rain of love) on decreasing dental phobia during root canal therapy among the patients of a dental office. In this clinical trial, 100 patients who were referred to a dental office for RCT were evaluated. The patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The music was solely played for the case group. To determine patient's anxiety, a dentistry phobia questionnaire, i.e. kattle anxiety questionnaire was utilized. VAS and BP were also checked in two intervals, 5 minutes before and after treatment. We used multifactor linear regression, logistic regression, analysis variance with bilateral mixed shape, T test and chi-square test for analyzing data. The results at the start of the study, did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the two groups. The average grade of dental phobia in the music group was 46.1±21.5 in descriptive scale and in the control group was 44.7±21.9 which failed to show any significant difference statistically (p=0.748, t=0.322). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic pressure rate before and after the interference. Differences between average grade of anxiety among groups according to (VAS-Cm) before the interference was not statistically significant (p=0.232, t=1.201), but after that it was (p<0.001, t=4.737). The average rate of anxiety decrease in the music group and the central group was 2.3±2.6 and 2.9±0.8 respectively. According to the results, there was greater anxiety in the case group (p=0.005, t=0.842). This study showed that music was effective in decreasing subjective anxiety but it didnt any special effect on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

The purpose of this article was reviewing the literature related to the mutual effects of endodontics and orthodontics on each other providing documented information that can be used by dentists in clinical practice. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the dental pulp and its role in root resorption, the influence of previous trauma to the tooth and endodontic treatment in orthodontic tooth movements and root resorption, recommendations regarding endodontic treatment during orthodontic tooth movement and the role of the orthodontic forces in provision and outcome of endodontic treatment are being discussed. The effect of the orthodontic tooth movement on the pulp is focused primarily on the neurovascular system which can cause degenerative and/or inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. Although, most of these changes are considered reversible, it seems that teeth with complete apical foramen and teeth subjected to previous insults, such as trauma, caries, restorations and periodontal diseases are more susceptible to pulpal irreversible changes. Teeth with root canal treatment that are well cleaned shaped, and three- dimensionally obturated, exhibit less propensity to apical root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. This outcome depends on the absence of microleakage for bacterial ingress. A traumatized tooth can be moved orthodontically with minimal risk of resorption, provided that the pulp has not been severely injured (infection or necrosis). If there is evidence of pulpal demise, appropriate endodontic treatment is necessary prior to orthodontic treatment. If a previously traumatized tooth exhibits resorption, there is a greater chance that orthodontic tooth movement will enhance the resorptive process. If a tooth has been severely traumatized (intrusion, avulsion) there would be a greater incidence of resorption with tooth movement. It is recommended that teeth requiring root canal treatment during orthodontic movement be initially cleaned and shaped followed by the interim placement of calcium hydroxide. Final canal obturation with gutta-percha should be accomplished upon the completion of orthodontic treatment. Endodontically treated teeth can be moved orthodontically similar to teeth with vital pulps. In case of endodontic procedures like apexification, there may be no need to delay the orthodontic treatment.