جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اکسیداسیون پیشرفته » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Pesticides are well-known for their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, and they exhibit resistance to environmental degradation. Organophosphorus compounds represent one of the largest and most diverse groups of pesticides globally. Diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agriculture, was selected as the target pollutant for the present study.

The co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize zinc oxide nanocomposites coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Subsequently, the nanoparticle structure was analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analyses. The efficiency of diazinon sonocatalytic removal by zinc oxide nanocomposites coated on PET was investigated, and the impact of various parameters, including pH (3-11), nanocomposite dosage (0.2-2.5 g/L), initial diazinon concentration (5-50 mg/L), contact time (5-60 min), hydrogen peroxide concentration (2-50 mM), different gases (oxygen and nitrogen gas (2 L/min)), organic compounds (folic acid, citric acid, humic acid, EDTA, oxalate acid, phenol), radical scavengers (ammonium oxalate as h+ scavenger, benzoquinone as scavenger, tert-butyl alcohol as •OH scavengers), various processes (PET, US, PET/US, ZnO, ZnO-PET, ZnO/US, ZnO-PET/US), and recycled experiment, was evaluated. Firstly, the pH optimum was acquired to be 5, with changing pH and constant nanocatalyst dosage and initial diazinon concentration. The effects of different parameters on the removal of diazinon were investigated at the constant value of pH. Diazinon residual concentration was measured by a spectrophotometer (UV/VIS, DR5000) at a wavelength of 295 nm.

FT-IR and XRD analyses confirmed the coating of ZnO nanorods onto PET. Under optimal conditions, initial diazinon concentration of 20 mg/L, pH of 5, and nanocomposite dosage of 2.5 g/L for 60 minutes the sonocatalytic removal efficiency of diazinon reached 99.81%. The removal efficiency decreased from 100 to 40.15% as the diazinon concentration increased from 5 to 100 mg/L. The first-order rate constant (kobs) decreased from 0.123 to 0.0086 min-1, while R2 decreased from 0.985 to 0.9152, and electrical energy per order (EEo) increased from 181.073 to 2589.77 kWh.m-3 with increasing diazinon concentration. The sonocatalytic removal of diazinon increased with rising H2O2 concentration up to 5 mM. However, the addition of organic compounds and nitrogen gas led to a decrease in diazinon removal efficiency. The effectiveness of processes for pesticide removal from drinking water decreased due to anions scavenger activity. Examination of radical scavengers revealed that •OH radicals were the most active in diazinon removal. Notably, proper sonocatalytic activity in diazinon removal was observed even after six successive cycles. Intermediate products identified by GC-MS in the sonocatalytic removal process included diazoxon, IMP, hydroxy-diazinon, and diazinon-methyl-ketone.

The findings suggest that zinc oxide coated on polyethylene terephthalate, as an affordable, practical, and environmentally friendly material, exhibits satisfactory efficiency for the sonocatalytic removal of diazinon from water environments.

Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants, posing significant environmental concerns upon entering ecosystems. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the oxidation of the antibiotic amoxicillin using the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process.

All experiments were conducted in a 250 mL glass container. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, amoxicillin concentration, persulfate concentration, and catalyst dose, were investigated under optimal conditions to assess their influence on the removal efficiency.

The results demonstrate that the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process exhibited the highest decomposition rate (kobs) of amoxicillin, with a rate constant of 0.0127 min-1. The optimal conditions for maximum antibiotic removal were found to be pH 5, a persulfate dose of 2 mM, and an amoxicillin concentration of 12.5 mg/L, resulting in a removal rate of 89% within 75 minutes. Furthermore, the mineralization rate was observed to be 33%.

The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the carbon quantum dot/persulfate process in oxidizing amoxicillin.

Hormones are chemical substances that can disrupt the processes and functions of the endocrine system in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to examine the degradation of beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone through the ultrasound/ferrate process in aqueous solutions and the possibility of chloroform formation as a disinfection byproduct.

The experiments were conducted using a 250 mL glass container. An ultrasound device operating at frequencies between 24 kHz and 80 kHz, with a maximum power of 200 W, was used as the ultrasound source. Potassium ferrate was employed as the oxidizing agent. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, E2 hormone concentration, ferrate concentration, and ultrasound intensity, were evaluated. After the oxidation process, the sample underwent ultraviolet/chlorine radiation to examine the potential formation of chloroform as a disinfection byproduct.

The results indicate that the ferrate-ultrasound system exhibited the highest pollutant removal efficiency, followed by ultrasound and ferrate individually. Specifically, the rates of removal were 0.123 min-1 for the ferrate-ultrasound system, 0.103 min-1 for ultrasound, and 0.0076 min-1 for ferrate. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for E2 hormone removal were found to be pH 3, a ferrate dose of 200 mg/L, an ultrasound frequency intensity of 80 kHz, and an E2 hormone concentration of 100 mg/L, resulting in 100% removal. The study also found that the highest amount of chloroform formed was associated with the ultrasound, ferrate, and ferrate-ultrasound systems, respectively. Additionally, the potential for chloroform formation was higher in ultraviolet/chlorine conditions compared to chlorine alone.

The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the ultrasound-ferrate method in oxidizing E2 hormones and its potential to mitigate the formation of disinfection byproducts.

Tetracycline represents the most prevalent antibiotic group in production and utilization and is extensively employed for the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) for eliminating tetracycline from aqueous solutions.

This study was conducted in a batch mode utilizing an electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) system. All experiments were carried out under constant temperature conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with a central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the variables associated with the electro-activated persulfate and hydrogen peroxide process, including pH, current density, and the persulfate/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio, with the aim of tetracycline removal. Data analysis in this study was performed using Data Designer 8.0.6 software.

The results of this study revealed the use of a quadratic model to predict the impact of independent variables on the efficiency of tetracycline removal in the process. The exceedingly low (p <0.0001) and the high correlation coefficient (R2) of the obtained model signify a robust correlation between experimental and predicted data. The optimal conditions for achieving maximum efficiency in the degradation of tetracycline through electro-activated persulfate were determined to be a pH of 5.6, a persulfate/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio of 1.1, and a current density of 31 mA. Under these conditions, tetracycline degradation reached approximately 95.2%.

Based on the findings of this investigation, it can be deduced that the advanced oxidation process relying on electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) is capable of eliminating contaminants in aqueous environments, influenced by various factors such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, catalyst concentration (persulfate), and pH. The study highlights the capability of the electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) hybrid process to decompose recalcitrant pollutants like tetracycline from aqueous environments. Overall, the electro-activated persulfate process demonstrates promise for the degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions.

The emergence of new chemical industries has caused the release of a large amount of organic compounds including industrial by-products, insecticides and other chemicals in nature. Endocrine disrupting compounds are a known group of hazardous and complex pollutants that occurs in wastewater and water sources worldwide, either naturally or as a result of human activities. In this study, an attempt is made to remove diethyl phthalate from water environments by the advanced oxidation process of ozonation in the presence of activated carbon produced from the Skanbil tree.

methods and Materials:

 This experimental study was done in a reactor with a volume of 100 mL. In each experiment, diethyl phthalate solution was poured into the pilot in the desired concentration and ozone with 0.8 mg/min dose was injected into the reaction solution. Process parameters included pH (2-8), reaction times (2 to 30 min), pollutant concentration (5-25 mg/L) and catalyst dose (0.025-0.1 gram). In the end of each experiment, the sample was withdrawn from the pilot and analyzed using HPLC to determine the residual diethyl phthalate.

The results showed that under optimal conditions of pH = 6.8, ozone dose = 0.8 mg/min and contact time = 30 minutes, ozonation could only remove 60% of diethyl phthalate, and under the same conditions, catalytic ozonation with 0.075 g of carbon obtained from the skanbil tree could remove 94% of diethyl phthalate.

The results of this research showed that catalytic ozonation with carbon obtained from the wood waste of shanbil tree can be used as an advanced treatment method.

Recently, significant efforts have been performed for the removal of various emerging pollutants (EPs) from water sources. Among these EPs, benzotriazole has been widely identified in aquatic environments, which has harmful health and environmental effects, so it is necessary to apply various methods to remove it. Up to date, the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as an efficient method for the degradation and mineralization of EPs pollutants from aqueous solutions has attracted so much attention. Therefore, in this research, the performance of the persulfate activation process using magnetic nanocatalyst iron oxide-activated carbon prepared from coconut shell for the removal of benzotriazole from aqueous solution, and also the effect of different parameters have been investigated.

This research is an experimental-laboratory study. The effect of various variables such as solution pH (2-10), catalyst dose (0.1-0.5 g/L), persulfate concentration (1-5 mM), and initial concentration of benzotriazole (10-50 mg/L) was investigated. The final concentration of benzotriazole was measured using a spectrometer. Also, the characteristics of the synthesized catalyst were investigated using numerous analyzes such as BET, FESEM, XRD, EDX and VSM, and

The results showed that the highest efficiency of the process for the removal of benzotriazole was attained at pH: 6, initial concentration: 10 mg/L, catalyst dosage: 0.5 g/L, persulfate concentration: 3 mM, and more than 80% of benzotriazole was removed. On the other hand, the results of catalyst characterization showed that the catalyst was perfectly synthesized and could be reused in five consecutive cycles.

Based on the results of this research, this catalyst had a high performance for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide, has been widely used in the agricultural industry and may cause environmental damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential application of Fe(VI) and Fe(VI)/PMS processes for oxidation of CPF in water after pretreatment with ferric chloride coagulant.

This study was performed in two phases including coagulation and flocculation process and advanced oxidation process (AOP). In the first phase, the coagulation process was performed for turbidity removal by ferric chloride (FeCl3). In this phase, using a central composite design (CCD) with R software, the combined effect of four variables including initial turbidity, initial pH, coagulant dose and contact time was investigated. The supernatant from this process was transferred to the next phase for further analysis. In the AOP phase, the effect of Fe(VI) and Fe(VI)/PMS oxidants were investigated separately.

In the first phase (coagulation and flocculation), FeCl3 showed the highest efficiency (95.79%) at alkaline pH (pH=8). In the next phase (AOP), the results showed that the degradation efficiency of Fe(VI)/PMS process was higher compared to sole Fe(VI) process at all pHs. Also, by examining the reaction kinetics, it was found that after the coagulation process by FeCl3, the removal rate in the Fe(VI)/PMS process is 1.5 times higher than the Fe(VI) process.

Due to the high removal efficiency and higher degradation rate of Fe(VI)/PMS process, this technique can be used as a relatively effective method in removing chlorpyrifos from aqueous solution.

Antibiotics, comprising a significant amount of pharmaceutical compounds, are used as human and veterinary treatments . these antibiotics come to appear as contaminantoin soil, surface water, groundwater, and even drinkingwater.Advanced oxidation processes such as catalytic ozonation are effective to remove the antibiotics form water and wastewaterThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process for tetracycline antibiotics removal from contaminated waters

In this design, an ozonation pilot with a volume of 200 cc was used. In each experiment, the tetracycline solution was poured into the desired concentration, the pH of the sample was adjusted with sulfuric acid and NaOH. At different times of 5 to 30 minutes and different pHs of 2 to 10 ozonation was performed at the dose of 0.8 mg/min. Then, under these conditions, ozonation was performed in the presence of activated carbon catalyst and a sample was discharged from the pilot and analyzed (HPLC) to determine the remaining tetracycline.

The results showed that under optimum conditions of pH= 8 and ozone dose of 0.8 mg / min and contact time of 30 minutes ozonation only eliminated 59% of tetracycline and in the same conditions catalytic ozonation with 0.01 g/L carbon. The Calligonum comosum tree was able to remove 100% tetracycline in 30 minutes.

The results of this study showed that carbon catalyzed ozonation from wood Calligonum comosum waste can be used as an advanced treatment method.

Antibiotics are hardly decomposable and resistant contaminants in the environment that according to their anti-biological properties, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the amount of them before entering the environment. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the Fenton and Fenton-like process efficiency for the treatment of wastewater containing Spiramycin antibiotic.

The effect of independent variables including pH, contact time, oxidant concentration (H2O2), and catalyst concentration (Fe2+ and Fe3+) on the COD removal efficiency were measured using COD meter. The ranges and number of experiments were assigned by RSM (Response surface method) using design expert software.

The optimum conditions of Fenton process with treatment efficiency of 63.31% were obtained at pH 4, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 50 mg/L, Fe2+ concentration of 75 mg/L and contact time of 5 min. The optimum conditions of Fenton-like process with treatment efficiency of 51.21% were obtained at pH 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 60 mg/L, Fe3+ concentration of 137.5 mg/L and contact time of 32.5 min. Based on the ANOVA analysis results, the f value in Fenton method indicates that the model is significant.

According to the results, Fenton oxidation process was selected as the optimum method to remove COD from synthetic wastewater containing Spiramycin antibiotic which may be applied as an efficient method for the treatment of wastewaters containing antibiotic.

Metronidazole antibiotic is belong to the nitroimidazole family. Non degradability, high solubility in water, toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are important concerns related to antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply the new advanced oxidation process of UV/zinc oxide/sulfite (UZS) to degrade metronidazole from aqueous solutions.

In this study, the effect of pH, sulfite to zinc oxide ratio, initial metronidazole concentration and contact time on the performance of the UV/sulfite/zinc oxide process in the degradation of metronidazole was studied. The residual concentration of metronidazole was measured by HPLC (Cecil model 4900 CE).

The results showed more than 90 % antibiotic is degraded at pH = 12 and the molar ratio of sulfite to zinc oxide 1 to 3 after 5 min of the reaction. Although the antibiotic degradation rate in the UZS process was very high, based on the GC-MASS analysis, the mineralization rate was not sufficient. The several metabolites were detected in the UZS process effluent and the degradation pathway was proposed based on the identified metabolites. It was observed the kinetic coefficient of robs (mg/L. min) to degrade the metronidazole by UZS was 6.92 time and 15 time of UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, respectively.

According to the results, the UV/zinc oxide/sulfite process, due to the higher robs value as well as the higher efficiency value ​​than those of the UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, can be considered as a suitable and economical option in the degradation of metronidazole antibiotic and the similar compounds.

Antibiotics are considered among the pollutants in water environments with stable effects. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of photocatalytic process using core-shell TiO2 under ultraviolet radiation for the removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions.

This study was conducted in an experimental-laboratory scale. The effect of factors such as pH (5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), initial concentrations of Cefixime (2-10 mg/L) and concentrations of catalyst (0.5-5 g/L) was surveyed. Sample volume for every step of the experiments was 1000 ml. A batch stainless steel 3L photo catalytic reactor was designed. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by SEM ، XRD and VSM Methods.

Physical characteristics of the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 revealed that the catalyst particles had the average size of 10 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of Cefixime with UV+ Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 in the optimal condition was 100% (pH =6, retention time= 25 min, Cefixime concenteration= 2 mg/L catalyst dosage= 4 g/L). Synthetic models showed that the process of photocatalytic removal of Cefixime followed the first-order model.

The results of this study suggested that UV+ Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 process is very effective method for the complete removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions.

One of the most important factors in the contamination of aquatic ecosystems is agricultural pesticides. Paraquat is a water-soluble and non-selective herbicide, which has adverse health effects, such as respiratory distress and even death. This study aimed to evaluate the degradability of paraquat toxins using photochemical oxidation processes based on hydrogen peroxide (UV/HP) and persulfate (UV/NaPS/Fe2 +).

This experimental study investigated the effects of pH variables, concentrations of UV/HP and UV/NaPS/Fe2+, as well as the initial concentration of the pollutant on paraquat toxicity removal in a laboratory scale using a batch reactor of one liter. Moreover, the concentration of the residual paraquat and the amount of organic carbon removal were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography equipped with a visible Ultraviolet (UV) detector at 259 nm and a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) meter.   

The UV/HP and UV/NaPS/Fe2 + processes were able to remove 87.75% and 92.31% paraquat, respectively, at 120 min under optimum conditions. In addition, the amount of TOC removal in the UV/HP and UV/NaPS/Fe2 + processes  were 77.29% and 82.16%, respectively. The results showed that the kinetics of the UV/HP and UV/NaPS/Fe2 + processes  followed the first-order reaction.

The UV/NaPS/Fe2 + process was more effective than that of UV/HP regarding paraquat removal. As a result, the studied processes are proposed as effective, fast, and efficient methods to remove paraquat from aqueous solutions, which is economically feasible due to the low reaction time. The use of this process is also recommended as a complete refinement or pre-treatment process.

In this research, TiO2-Zr nano-photocatalyst was firstly developed with the aim of improving the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide via sol-gel method. The recovery of catalysts in acidic, alkaline and thermal conditions was also studied.

This research was done on a laboratory scale. The structures and properties were recognized with (BET), (FT-IR), (FE-SEM), and (XRD) methods and the band gap value of the synthesized nano photocatalyst found to 3 eV with DRS. Also, the effect of color concentration, soluble pH, catalyst powder concentration and contact time was kept constant in order to economically effect on the efficacy of dyeing. Then, photocatalytic activity was evaluated for degradation of organic pollution days Acid yellow 36 in aqueous solution specimen by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and total organic carbon (TOC).

Finally, after obtaining the optimum conditions for degradation efficiency, it was compared with titanium dioxide photocatalyst, which revealed that increase in efficiency due to changes in the band gap and, as a final point, shows the power of photocatalytic activity of synthetic doped material in degradation organic environmental pollutants.

It founded that doping Zr ions to the TiO2 lattice causes decreasing band gap value, so As a result, the necessary energy to stimulate the electrons from the valence band reduced in results wavelength shift up. The photocatalytic activity has a significant impact on color reduction and has a high potential for the decolorization organic dye wastewater.

Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are new contaminants that because of their cumulative nature, adverse effects and drug resistance; have created a major environmental concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate UV/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) process efficiency in the removal of cefexime antibiotic from aqueous solution.

This experimental laboratory study was conducted in batch mode. We assessed the effects of main operational parameters such as solution pH (3-9), reaction time (0-30 min), photocatalyst dosage (0.75-2.25 mmol/L), and initial concentration of cefexime (5-25 mg/L) on removal efficiency. Spectrophotometer (HACH DR-5000 UV–Vis) was used to measure the initial and final concentrations of cefexime.

Under optimal condition (pH=7.5, irradiation time=30 min, C0=5 mg/L, and PMS dosage=1.37 mmol/L), use of photocatalytic UV/peroxymonosulfate led to efficient removal of cefexime (93.18%).

The results of this study showed the acceptable performance of peroxymonosulfate process in the removal of cefexime.

One of the main problems of pollution of aquatic environments is hardly biodegradable chemicals with high toxicity such as antibiotics. If they are not removed from the wastewater, particularly the hospital wastewater, many health and environmental hazards are created. Therefore, appropriate management and treatment of this type of wastewater is highly necessary. This research aimed at investigating the efficiency of advanced oxidation process by ozone photocatalytic method combined with zinc oxide in removal of amoxicillin from wastewater.

The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in a pre-designed reactor. The effects of ozone concentration (5-10 mg/min), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.5mg/l), amoxicillin concentration (10-100 mg/l), and pH (3-11) were investigated on the process efficiency by HPLC. Thirty specimens were studied using central composite design method and the information was evaluated by surface response method using Design Expert7. Data analysis was done applying ANOVA and regression analysis.

The removal efficiency of amoxicillin was 93% under optimal conditions (ozone dose: 3 mg/min, pH 11, catalyst dose: 0.875 mg/l, and amoxicillin concentration: 55mg/l). ANOVA and regression analysis showed that the fitted model properly matched with laboratory results.

This study showed that the ozone photocatalytic process along with zinc oxide could be applied as a suitable and effective method in treatment of antibiotics in aqueous environments.

Sulfur B dye is one of the used dyes in the textile industry which is disposed into the wastewater in the large amount during textile industry activities. In this research, the photocatalytic degradation of sulfur B dye was investigated using ZnO as a photocatalyst under UV irradiation in aqueous solutions. In this experimental study, a 2.8 L reactor is used. The effect of operational factors including photocatalyst (0.1-4000 mg/l), dye concentration (1-400 mg/l) and the initial pH (3-11) were investigated in the steady UV intensity on dye removal. Dye concentration was measured by spectrophotometer at 550 nm wavelength. The result of this study reveales that by increasing the pH from 3 to 11, the efficiency of dye removal increases from 28 to 90%, respectively. Increment of the initial dye concentration from 1 to 400 mg/l reduces the dye removal from 94 to 57%, respectively. By increasing catalyst to initial dye up to 3 mg/l, the dye removal increases to 94% without any further dye removal efficiency by adding the ratio. The results showed that concurrent existence of catalyst and UV is necessary for further dye removal. Increasing pH value can produce higher hydroxyl radical, which can increase dye removal. Increasing initial dye concentration prevents efficient light penetration through the solution and thus dye removal is reduced. Increasing the amount of nanoparticle dosage increases the presence of active sites to produce more hydroxyl radicals.

The indiscriminate consumption of antibiotics and their discharge into the environment have created serious complications. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these contaminants from the aquatic environment. The antibiotic Metronidazole is a contaminant that should be eliminated from the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Electro-Fenton advanced oxidation process for the removal of metronidazole from aqueous solution.
This research method was experimental and bench scale. The influence of factors such as solution pH, reaction time, the initial concentration of metronidazole, electric current, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the removal efficiency were investigated.
In this study, the dose of hydrogen peroxide, electric current, and reaction time had a positive effect on metronidazole removal efficiency, while the initial concentration of metronidazole had a negative effect. The optimal values of variable for the removal of more than 99% metronidazole were: pH =7, current 30v, reaction time 40min, dose of hydrogen peroxide 0.02 mol/l and the initial concentration of metronidazole 10mg/l.
The Electro-Fenton process can effectively remove metronidazole from aquatic solutions in environmentally convenient conditions. This process can be used as an efficient method for removing other persistent pollutants from the environment.

Background and Pharmaceutical products, particularly antibiotics are emerging contaminants that cause major environmental challenges due to cumulative effects, different adverse effects, and leading to drug resistance. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficiency of advanced oxidation process by persulfate activated by UV in removal of ofloxacin from aqueous solutions.
In order to investigate the removal efficiency of ofloxacin, major operating parameters including initial pH of solution (2-12), the concentration of persulfate (50-3500 mg/l), concentrations of ofloxacin (2-100 mg/l), reaction time (6-30 min), and UV radiation (8,15,30 Watt) were studied.
Maximum removal efficiency of ofloxacin and COD in optimal conditions (pH =6, persulfate concentration = 350 mg/l, ofloxacin concentration = 40 mg/l, reaction time =20 min and UV radiation = 8 watt) were 94.35% and 79.17%, respectively. Advanced oxidation with activated persulfate by UV, deceased the concentrations of ofloxacin and COD to 2.26 and 37.21 mg/l, respectively.
The results showed that using UV activated persulfate is an efficient method in removal of ofloxacin from aqueous solutions.

Due to their polycyclic and toxic structure, dyes have a high ability in causing adverse acute and chronic effects on human exposed to them. In present study, the decolorization of acid green3 from aqueous solution by UV/ H2O2 method was investigated
This is an applied-experimental study. Parameters of pH in the amount of 3,7 and 11, contact time in 5,15, 30, 45 and 60 min, dose of H2O2 in 10, 30 and 50 mg/l and initial concentration of acid green3 in 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were examined to reveal the optimum amounts of these parameters. In order to emit the UV radiation, photo reactor with a 2-lit volume was applied, also to measure remaining concentration of dye, spectrophotometer device, model DR 5000 was employed. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) test based on 5220C method (standard method book) was used for determining amount of oxidation.
Results showed that contact time = 60 min, pH=7, acid green concentration=50 mg/l and dose of H2O2 =30 mg/l are optimum condition at which the removal amounts of dye and COD were obtained about 97 and 85%, respectively.
In the study, it is observed that parameters of contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye, and dose of H2O2 have a significant influence on the removal of the dye by UV/H2O2 process. Due to acceptable results of UV/H2O2 in the oxidation of the dye and the reduction of COD, this method can be introduced as reliable process to remove of acid green 3 from industrial wastewaters.

Diazinon is one of the most important pesticides extremely used in agriculture. Since these compounds are resistant to biodegradation, the arrival of these compounds to water resources has become a serious environmental problem. Therefore, in the current work, the removal of diazinon from groundwater was investigated using advanced oxidation processes electro Fenton.
the current work was conducted in lab scale. The effect of operating parameters such as initial concentration of diazinon (1-30 mg.L-1), pH solution(3-9), current density (1-10 mA.cm-2), reaction time (3-30 min), and dosage of H2O2 (20-100 µL.L-1) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters and suggested model was analyzed using ANOVA.
On the optimum condition including initial diazinon concentration of 6.88 mg.L-1, pH solution of 3, the reaction time of 10 min, the current density of 8.18 mA.cm-2, and dosage H2O2 of 83.78 µL.L-1 removal efficiency of diazinon was found to be 98.5 %. Electrical energy consumption (EEC) was found to be 0.524 kWh.m-3. Moreover, the concentration of diazinon in groundwater was found to be 0.934±0.053 µg.L-1.
According to the obtained results, electro Fenton process was found to be an efficient technique for successful removal of diazinon and other resistant ungradable organic compound from water sources.