جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بررسی کیفی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Addiction and substance abuse is one of the most serious human problems in recent years and one of the most complex human phenomena that as a non-adaptive pattern of substance use leads to frequent occupational, social and legal problems. Today, drug use is one of the major medical, social, economic and cultural problems that despite the social unacceptability of opium use, different classes of people are seriously involved in this issue. The World Health Organization has described it as a worrying event in the world, and governments are incurring huge costs to combat it. From the perspective of psychology today, addiction or substance abuse is a mental disorder. This term, which is defined in psychiatric classifications as substance abuse disorders, is the second most common mental disorder. Substance dependence is a pattern of repeated substance use that usually results in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug behaviors. Also, the most important characteristic of substance dependence is the pattern of maladaptive substance use, which is characterized by significant adverse and recurrent consequences associated with repeated substance use. One of the problems caused by addiction that finds a social profile is the phenomenon of homeless people. The homeless people are to reach the end of the path of poverty and misery in which the injured person loses everything he had gained in his social life. Research shows that addiction, delinquency, family problems, and the like trigger the onset of sleep deprivation, and the concentration of sleep deprivation in certain areas of the city reduces social security in that area .The phenomenon of homeless people, which has been growing in Tehran in recent years, has attracted many people in Tehran, both immigrants and residents of Tehran, for various reasons; It is these consequences that make sleeping cartons a social issue. Addiction is one of the problems in the world today. To deal with this problem, an effective treatment approach is very important. One of the most important issues in addiction treatment and withdrawal is the factors affecting addiction withdrawal. The aim of this study was to identify the most important factors affecting quitting addiction of homeless people in the city of Tehran.

This research was conducted by qualitative method with data foundation approach. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding methods. The study population consisted of all homeless people that succeeded in quitting addiction in Tehran in 1397, which were selected using purposive sampling method. After 12 interviews and analysis of interviews, it was found that informants provide duplicate information. In this way, theoretical saturation was achieved and the interviews were stopped. To ensure the validity of the research, the criterion of scientific accuracy and reliability of the open test method was used. Also, all the sample people are male in terms of gender. The age of the sample was divided into two groups of 20 to 40 years and 41 to 60 years. Most of the sample people are over 40 years old. Regarding the education status component, 50% of the sample people are illiterate, which includes the largest number. 33.3% have less than a diploma and 16.7% have a diploma. Also, regarding the marital status component, 67% of the samples are single and 33% are married. So there are more singles.

A total of 4 selected codes and 7 central codes were formed through a combination of 31 open codes that are the causes of quitting addiction in sleep addicts. At this stage, the concepts have been edited in terms of naming, and an attempt has been made to distance the concepts of business operating space and bring them closer to the scientific space. The categories are named in the same way. In the meantime, an attempt has been made to observe the maximum apparent and essential similarity between the concepts introduced by the interviewees with the selected words that have a more scientific aspect. The results of the coding showed seven categories of helplessness and desire for change, independence in voting and rejection of coercion in individual choices, non-pharmacological interventions with pain, real knowledge and understanding of addiction and methods of quitting addiction, security, perception of spiritual issues in personal life and motivating factors are effective in quitting addiction of homeless people in Tehran. Finally, data analysis 4 selected codes (research theory): fatigue of the current situation and voluntary willingness to quit and change the existing situation, use of cognitive therapy methods and deep understanding of the problem of addiction, trying to receive social support and family support to cope With the problem of addiction, the use of motivational and spiritual factors to deal with the problem of addiction has been achieved.

The most important factors influencing the decision to leave addicts in the eyes of participants were fatigue from the status quo, lifestyle changes such as changes in nutrition and sleep and physical weakness, as well as fear of complications due to withdrawal due to previous experiences of failure to quit. . According to the participants, one of the effective solutions in this case is to use the experiences of successful people in quitting addiction. Other factors in the decision to leave the family readmission were the spousechr('39')s attention and love, which with the familychr('39')s awareness of the decision to leave their support and companionship can improve and accelerate the treatment process. Non-pharmacological treatments, counseling and cognitive therapies were also mentioned as factors affecting addiction withdrawal by participants. Feeling lonely along the way to recovery, guilt, mistrust, carrying labels such as delinquent, thief, and lack of family support, and the consequences of such behaviors that sever healthy ties to support networks such as family and community should be addressed by the mass media. To be trained to accompany the family and community during the treatment process and to become facilitators of the treatment process and not as deterrents. Attention to spirituality was also mentioned by the participants. Spirituality improves the guilt and shame caused by addiction and coping strategies to solve problems using spirituality was one of the factors influencing the decision to quit addiction. Other influential factors were motivation and envisioning a better future and returning to the family center and community acceptance mentioned by the participants. Educating families during the treatment process for their spiritual support during and after the treatment process has been one of the factors facilitating the treatment process for addicts. Therefore, in the recovery process, addressing the factors influencing the decision to quit is of particular importance, and by identifying these factors, we can help lead homeless addicts to take action to quit and stay on the path to recovery.

Today, the evidence and unofficial indications for disturbing society show the marital infidelity as one of the hidden social problems. In this study, the underlying factors of infidelity in marital relationships among women and men were identified and compared. Moreover, some basic guidelines and practical suggestions on preventing and reducing marital infidelity and strengthening the family relations were presented.
Using qualitative content analysis methodology, and according to the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, 40 unfaithful married men and 32 unfaithful married women participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews.
Through data analysis, 5 main themes were extracted. These themes consisted of “emotional and behavioral problems in marital relationships”, “sexual dissatisfaction”, “attitudes and individual characteristics”, “paternal family problems”, and “social factors”.
Based on the study findings, although majority of male and female participants mentioned sexual dissatisfaction (low quantity and quality) and emotional dissatisfaction as the main reason for their unfaithfulness, respectively, the impact of other paternal family problems, social factors, and attitudes and individual characteristics must be also regarded.

Prevention of medical laboratory errors is a major goal of quality control programs. Hemolyzed specimen is one of the common issues causing medical laboratory errors. Apart from the visual assessment, the measurement of serum hemoglobin concentration can be another method to evaluate the intensity of hemolysis. We aimed to assess hemolyzed serum specimens using two quantitative and qualitative methods. the serum samples (n=890) were evaluated for the presence and degree of hemolysis, using quantitative and qualitative methods. In qualitative method, the samples were investigated visually and in quantitative with the measurement of serum free hemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, the relative frequency of hemolyzed specimens was calculated. the hemolyzed samples were 23.4 % in qualitative and 65.8% in quantitative method. In quantitative, 71.2% of the specimens had mild hemolysis (sfHB<50 mg/dL), 26.8% intermediate (50mg/dL< sfHB <250mg/dL), and 2% high (sfHB >250 mg/dL). The percentage of hemolyzed specimens was higher in intensive care unit than those of other departments (P < 0.05). given that hemolysis in small amount is not detectable visually, we recommend using quantitative method for evaluating hemolyzed specimens.

Understanding the nature and types of stressful events in life of school age children. In this qualitative study, using an open interview, the description of stressful life events by 29 schoolchildren in Tabriz, Iran, were recorded and analyzed. 223 stressful events derived from the interviews, were classified into 17 basic categories. In the end, four themes were assumed for these categories: 1- non-supplied demands, 2- loss, 3- threatening events, 4- stimulating events. The categorization derived from this study was similar to other categorizations. Due to their developmental stage and cognitive level, childhood stressful life events are different from adulthood stressful life events to some extent.

Inappropriate feeding is one of the major causes of malnutrition in children. This study was carried out to get an insight into mothers’ views and beliefs about the role of complementary feeding in children under the age of two. In this qualitative study, data were collected through 11 focus-group discussions (FGDs) with mothers, who had children under the age of two, in urban and rural areas of Damavand in 2007. Each FGD was held in the presence of a moderator, two note takers, and an observer. At the end of field work, all notes were collected and coded according to the objectives of the study. Then the subgroups for each objective were obtained, and emerging themes were extracted and reported. In the study, six general themes were identified:(1) The mothers viewed complementary feeding as simple, soft, light foods which are especially made for children; (2) the best time for introducing complementary feeding was 6 months of age; (3) there were no complementary local foods in Damavand; (4) for children under the age of one, a different type of food was separately prepared; (5) home-made complementary food was preferred over the ready made type, and (6) children were fed with table food from the first year of life. Despite their sufficient knowledge about the advantages of complementary feeding, the majority of mothers, due to some socio-cultural limitations, had a weak performance. In this regard, in addition to making revisions in current training programs and protocols, providing effective and goal-oriented educational programs for mothers and others who take care of children is strongly recommended.

With regard to the increase in the elderly population in Iran and across the globe and their risk of suffering from chronic disease, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the view point of the Iranian elders about the concept of power. In this qualitative study which was carried out using a content analysis method, 26 participants were selected using goal based sampling, and were examined over a 12 month period. Data were collected through interviews. The main categories that emerged from this qualitative study, included: independence; being aware of personal changes; coping; perceived self ability; role playing; and mastery/owning. Understanding the viewpoint of the elderly regarding the structure of power, provides a firm basis for nursing care. In this study, perceived satisfaction and being in control which leads to an enhancement in the quality of life, forms the basis of power structure. The findings of this study can be used to design a model for empowering Iranian elderly.

Cigarette smoking is a global problem, but is decreasing in most developed countries. Reports from the East Mediterranean show that unlike the 5 other WHO regions, cigarette smoking has not decreased in this particular zone. There is a vital need to address the problem, especially in the adolescent population. This qualitative study looks at the motives behind the smoking tendency in boys aged 13-15. The study consisted of 6 focus group discussions performed in Tehran orientation (intermediate) schools; participants were male students aged 13 to 15 years. Purposeful sampling was used to draw in participants who were willing and able to take part in the group discussions. Each group was composed of 6-8 students, whose voices were recorded to determine themes and subthemes. Family and social factors have a more prominent role in creating the smoking tendency compared to individual factors. The most important elements are family history of smoking, having friends who smoke, poor parental control, conflicts at home, divorced parents, failure to consult with parents, easy availability and relative cheapness of cigarettes, and lack of information. Serious attention must be paid to the social and family factors in the initiation of the smoking habit. Social and political institutions must come up with effective programs to control the social and family factors that have a role in creating the smoking tendency.

The aim of this study was to explore coping with breast cancer in Iranian women. In this qualitative study, 19 patients with breast cancer were interviewed about their coping with receiving the diagnosis of their illness. The interviews were analyzed through content thematic method. The main themes obtained in this study include coping with the disease using a religious approach (acceptance of the disease as God’s willing, seeking spiritual help), thinking about the disease (positive think- ing: hope, positive suggestion, curability of the disease, intentional forget- fulness negative thinking: hopelessness, fear, impaired mental image), accepting the fact of disease (active acceptance: fighting the disease, patience passive acceptance), social and cultural factors effective for coping (reactions of society to the disease, presence of same groups) and support of loved ones. Most strategies for coping with breast cancer in newly diagnosed women is positive and based on fighting with the disease and not to give in. Religious beliefs play a major role.

Evaluation is one of the important stage in the Education. Written exams and specialy multiple choice qustions, extremely use for evaluating students knowledge in cogntive domain . Materials&

In this Cross- Sectional study that was performed on 162 Exams, 812 MCQ (multiple choice question) and all other kinds of questions wer examined. The assessment tools were 3 check lists for MCQ, True-false and matching questions.

According to the results %61.1 of MCQs had one or more Problems in design. the most important Problems were unequality of length of options use of negativequestions. Use of abbreviations, repeatation of words in options, imperfection of stems. True -false and matching questions had good design. %52.7 of questions were written at the knowledge level.

The results of this study express the necessity of contineous education about evaluation for faculty members.