جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جمعیت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The rate of population aging in Iran is higher than the regional and global levels and Iran will enter the aging phase by 2040s. Considering the importance of the changes that population aging will create in Iranian society, this study aims to investigate the challenges and drivers of population aging in the next three decades in Iran.

The is a futures study using the scenario analysis method. Data were collected from different sources to understand the possible challenges of the population aging. Then, the obtained information was analyzed based on experts’ opinions, structural analysis, cross-impact balance analysis, and scenario development. The data were analyzed using Mic-Mac and Scenario Wizard applications.

The main drivers of population aging in the future will be governance variables in the field of old age, pension funds, health costs at micro and macro levels, distribution of welfare, fertility and household size, insurance coverage & pension. These variables will affect the geriatric workforce, intergenerational relationships, social participation, and the lifestyle and quality of life of older adults (outcomes). The possible scenarios for the future of population aging in 2050 were “Risky ageing”, “ Twilight ageing”, “Dawn of ageing”, and “Prosperous ageing”. 

To achieve the desired scenario, i.e., “ prosperous ageing” in Iran, we need a smart governance with a forward-looking view in the field of aging, equal welfare distribution, win-win pension funds, active economic and social participation of older adults, and fertility rate above the replacement level.

In recent years, significant changes have occurred in the dynamics of childbearing within familial context. Notably, Iranian families have witnessed a noticeable decline in the desire for childbearing and having additional children. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of childbearing decision-making among women and men of reproductive age.

Methods & Materials:

 This study adopts a qualitative research design using the conventional content analysis approach in 2023. The participants comprised 19 married women and men of reproductive age living in Zanjan, who were purposively selected to ensure maximum variation. After obtaining informed consent, the participants were invited to participate in individual, semi-structured interviews. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached, with concurrent analysis conducted throughout the process. The textual data were managed using MAXQDA software, version 2020.

Throughout the inductive data analysis process, seven main categories emerged as determinants of decision-making about childbearing. These categories included social role modeling, reflection within family structure, social and economic requirements, contemporary concerns in parenting, avoidance of responsibility and comfort-seeking, unpleasant past experiences and age-related challenges. Among these categories, social and economic requirements emerged as the most prevalent concept across all interviews, with a total of 505 open codes associated with this category.

The normalization of reduced childbearing rates within the society, accompanied by shifting values and attitudes towards the significance of children, as well as economic and social problems have contributed to an increasing preference for smaller families. Furthermore, the desire for fewer children can be viewed as a response to the individualistic tendencies of women and men, as well as a means of avoiding parenting concerns.

Body image is one of the most important aspects of individual mental health. People with limb amputation may face various problems related to body image. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the structural relations between mindfulness and body image concerns in individuals with amputations with the mediating role of Mental Toughness.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study with structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was made up of amputees who referred to the comprehensive rehabilitation center of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran between April and October of 2022, and 260 people were selected by purposive sampling. To collect data, Littleton's Body Image Concern questionnaire, Baer's Five Facet Mindfulness questionnaire, and Clough's Mental Toughness questionnaire were used.

Our findings showed that the research model has a good fit and the causal model of the relationship between mindfulness, mental Toughness, and body image concern in people with amputations. Furthermore, mindfulness and mental toughness have a direct effect on body image concerns. Moreover, mindfulness has an indirect effect on body image concerns through mental toughness.

Our results indicate the importance of the role of mindfulness and mental toughness in body image concerns of people with amputations. Implementation of programs to improve mindfulness and mental toughness in people with amputation can lead to a reduction in their body image concerns.

Thymus fallax Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, which aerial part contains valuable phytochemical compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.

This study was performed for assessing the essential oil diversity of different populations of Thymus fallax in its habitats.

The populations of Thymus fallax were collected from its natural habitats in Alborz, Tehran, Zanjan, Mazandaran, and North Khorasan provinces. Their essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation method and the compounds were identified using GC and GC-MS.

The result indicated that the essential oil content of populations was on average 1.71 %, the highest percentage of which was observed in the population of Migoun(2.58 %), Chelcheshmeh (2.35 %), and Ghormehdareh (2.25 %), and the lowest was obtained in Dizin (1.05 %) and Ira (1.15 %). Overall, 30 essential oil compounds were identified, comprising 95 % of the total essential oil, of which carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, and geraniol were the major constituents, accounting for 75 % of the essential oil. Five groups of thyme population were identified using cluster analysis, including the first group with high content of carvacrol, the second group with high content of geraniol, the third group with high content of thymol and carvacrol, the fourth group with high content of thymol, and the fifth group with high content of thymol, carvacrol and geraniol.

The high amounts of essential oil, carvacrol and thymol in some populations were valuable results that can be considered in future and breeding studies.

Objective:

 Childbearing is valuable in Iranian Islamic culture; in Iran, following the implementation of the comprehensive population control program in the 60s to 90s, the population growth was decreased. Due to the importance of demographic changes in Iran in the last four decades, and the impact of economic, social and cultural factors on childbearing, the present study aims to investigate the related factors of childbearing in Iran.

Methods:

 This is a review study that evaluated the related factors of childbearing in Iran until 2020. A search was conducted in the databases using the keywords “childbearing barriers”, “inhibitors”, "childbearing", " facilitators", "Iran” and " childbearing desire " in Persian and English. The observational studies on the barriers or facilitators of childbearing in Iran were included. The review articles, case reports, brief reports, letters to the editor, and articles in languages other than Persian and English were excluded. There was no restriction on the study year, study city, study population, and samples.

Results :

The initial search yielded 217 articles. After analyzing and deleting the duplicates, 38 articles were remained for analysis. Studies on men and women in different parts of Iran showed that factors such as educational level, socio-economic status, religiosity, job rank, employment, place of residence, ethnicity, age of marriage, parental attitude, familism, and access to contraceptives methods were the related factors of childbearing in Iran

Conclusion:

 There are various barriers and facilitators of childbearing in Iran. The findings can help health policymakers to eliminate the barriers of childbearing and increase the population in Iran.

Today, demographic changes affect almost all aspects of human life and they are one of the main forces influencing socio-economic, cultural, political, and technological changes around the world. Iran has faced a large population in recent years, and as the simplest solution, birth control policies have been adopted, which has had a significant impact on the development process. The present study aims to analyze the consequences of birth control policies in Iran.

In this narrative review, documents without a time limit and using the keywords population, family planning, birth control policy, fertility and Iran, alone or in combination in the Persian and English databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, SID, Google Scholar and the websites of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, the Statistics Center of Iran, the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the World Health Organization and the United Nations were searched. The documents were summarized and critiqued.

Adoption of birth control policies in Iran has led to a decline in fertility, aging population and inverted population pyramid in Iran the, which significant problems and challenges has created for sustainable development in the country.

If Iran does not limit the declining rate of population growth, in the next few years, it will face both the problem of dangerous population decline and population aging, which will have many economic and social consequences for the country. Therefore, the fertility rate and structure of the elderly population in Iran should focus and it seems necessary to adopt policies to encourage fertility.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is increasing recently, leading to a decline in individual performance and many problems in the family. The cause of the disease is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors in autism disorder in patients referred to psychiatric clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1397 in Shiraz.

This is a descriptive study. A total of 114 children were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires including maternal information during pregnancy and data related to father and child.

The results showed that 54.3% of mothers who were giving birth were in the range of 20-29 years old and 32.1% of fathers were between 30 and 34 years old. 96.4% of parents did not smoke or drink during pregnancy. 66.5% of children were born by cesarean section and 70.8% of infants’ weight were in the range of 2500 to 3999 grams. 75% of mothers did not report pregnancy complications and 51.8% of the mothers had 38-37 weeks gestation.

The present study showed that the epidemiological factors in these children were in the normal range and more studies are needed to obtain the causes of this disease.

Failure in response inhibition has been the underlying impairment is attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and constitute the core of the disruption of processing processes in the executive functions of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on response inhibition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

The present study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all male students studying in the secondary schools of Maku city in the academic year 2018-2019. From this population, a sample of 24 people was selected by purposeful sampling method using Conner’s parent rating scale (CPRS-48) and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The GO/NO-GO tests was performed on the participants in two stages pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis.

Data analysis showed that mindfulness intervention led to a significant difference between groups in response inhibition of 64% and its components including omission error 39%, commision error 44% and reaction time 46%.

Mindfulness intervention is a suitable strategy to improve response inhibition in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and can be used as an effective intervention.

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are an exceptional group who exhibit symptoms, such as defects in social interaction, poor interpersonal relationships, and complex verbal communication as well as stereotyped behaviors and movements. To partially improve these disorders, the use of palliative supportive interventions, such as art therapy and theater therapy, is common in Europe, the United States, and Canada. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of drama therapy techniques in improving symptoms in children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder.

This experimental study was performed using a pre-test-post-test group design, the study population consisted of all 8-18-year children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder referred to a rehabilitation education school in Sachr('39')adat Abad, Tehran, Iran. Of this group, a sample of 10 people was selected through convenience sampling. All of them were pre-tested and after applying the techniques, they underwent post-tests. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-First Edition (GARS-1) was used for the study. Furthermore, the paired-samples t-test, the independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used to examine the hypotheses.

The mean of autism spectrum disorder and its components (stereotyped behaviors, verbal communication, social interactions) in the pre-test and post-test are significantly different. Among the components of variable autism spectrum disorder, stereotyped behaviors, and social interactions among boys and girls were significantly different. In stereotyped behaviors and social interactions, boys and girls had significantly more improvement in autism spectrum disorder symptoms, respectively. In the components of social interactions and verbal communication, girls and boys had the highest mean improvement, respectively. The value of the correlation coefficient of the variable autism spectrum disorder and its components with age was positive, indicating that theater therapy and its techniques at younger ages improve the symptoms of children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder.

Drama therapy techniques can be effective in improving the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and enhancing social skills, verbal communication, and modifying stereotypical behaviors.

Change in the age structure of the population affects many activities and processes, and most countries are expected to enter the old population phase by 2050. Today, for various reasons, the consumption of blood and blood products has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the age change in donor population during the years 1390 to 1397 and compare it with the societychr('39')s age change algorithm to determine if the latter affects the former.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, demographic information of 329631 blood donors from 1390 to 1397 from Blood Transfusion Software (Negareh software version 5/9) was extracted and the latest demographic information of the province was achieved using the website of the Statistics Center of Iran.

Of the population of  Yazd and Ardakan cities, 64.7% and 65.38% are within the appropriate age range for blood donation. The donor population of 18-30 years decreased by 30.7% in 2016 and 32.3% in 2018 compared with the year 2011 while other age groups almost increased. Mean age of donors in 2014 and 2017 were 44.2 and 40.05 years, respectively.

Due to the aging population, and the reduction of the population under the age of 30, it is necessary to take effective programs to maintain and attract 18-30 year old population for blood donation.
 

Trying to contain hospital costs is one of the biggest challenges facing the Iranian health system. In this study, we attempted to identify the key factors affecting hospital costs, hospital cost containment approaches, and to tailor intervention packages accordingly.

This study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, by searching databases and expanding the total cost formula for a hospital from the health system perspective, key factors affecting hospital costs were identified. In the second stage, cost control approaches, intervention packages, and their prioritization criteria were identified in a panel of experts with the participation of 4 faculty members of the School of Management and Medical Informatics. In the third stage, the matrix scoring for intervention packages was completed and prioritized by 21 hospital managers.

By expanding the formula of the total cost (C=P×Q), three factors of technology, productivity, and inflation in the Price field (P), and three factors of covered population, Utilization and overuse in the Quantity field (Q) were identified. For these key factors, 17 components were identified, which 9 components were intervenable. Then, based on expert panel members' opinion, 10 intervention packages were defined. These packages were prioritized by five criteria including: "effectiveness, appropriateness, feasibility, efficiency, and painlessness". Finally, the five most important intervention packages were selected as: "prevention of inappropriate use of services", "production of low-cost hospital services", "reducing inpatient costs", " containing drug costs" and " containing capital medical equipment costs" respectively.

Considering financing problems of the Iran health system, attention to cost containment approaches is very important especially from the health system perspective. This study showed that by identifying key cost factors and cost control approaches, special intervention packages could be formulated that are relatively painless and in line with upstream policies.

Sustainable development refers to the process of development that, while meeting the current needs of society, can provide the needs of future generations without any reduction in their ability to meet their needs. The Sustainable Development Program through its 17 defined goals covers a wide range of human activities in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The present study set out with the aim of assessing the Iran's sustainable development indicators in two parts of population and health that in turn affect different dimensions of economic, social and human development. A documentary methodology was adopted in this research. Indicators related to the population and health targets were selected and have been analyzed by comparing the country with the international average and the countries of the region. The required information was compiled from international references and reports, including the World Bank and the Statistics Organization of Iran. The average population growth rate in Iran fairly equals the world average and most countries. Compared to the most of the communities, Iran has a better status than the world average in terms of population and health-related indicators of sustainable development, and is among the high-income and upper middle-income countries. Also, in some indices such as vaccination coverage, diabetes and high mortality rates from accidents Iran has the highest score and also the lowest rate in the world with regard to the infection rate. There is no favorable situation regarding environmental issues. Although Iran shows a better status than the world average in most of the population and health related indicators of sustainable development, the country's environmental issues, the aging population structure and its consequences, death from accidents will be a major challenge for the future, which will require rapid and effective management measures in this area.

Black henbane with the scientific name of Hyoscyamus niger which has a wide geographic distribution, is considered as one the most important species for tropane alkaloids extraction. In this research, morphological and tropane alkaloids variations were assessed within different population of H. niger in their natural habitats. Totally, 56 individuals were collected from 7 populations of 7 different provinces in Iran, and subsequently morphological and metabolic variations were performed. Alkaloid extraction was carried out using various solvent based on specific procedure. The isolated alkaloids were further characterized using gas chromatography apparatus to detect the type of alkaloids. Results showed that the studied populations were significantly varied according to the all measured traits. The highest leaf dry weight, stem, shoot, whole plant and the number of leaf per plant was related to Guilan population. However, the highest (61.29 cm) and the lowest (16.96 cm) plant height, and maximum (16.13) and minimum (5.75) number of lateral branches were observed in Zanjan and Qom populations, respectively. The hyoscyamine content was varied ranging from 0.1888 g/plant (in Zanjan population) to 0.916 g/plant (in Qom population) with average of 0.5 g/plant. The maximum and minimum ratio of scopolamine to hyoscyamine was obtained in Zanjan (1.80) and Qom (0.049) populations, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant and negative correlation (-0.50**) between hyoscyamine content and plant height. In this research, results of cluster and biplot analyses confirmed a wide variability in morphological and metabolites traits between and within H. niger populations of different studied regions.

soft tissue calcification is a relatively common issue in panoramic radiography. Some of these calcifications may have non-specific clinical symptoms as feeling of foreign body, dysphagia, otalgia and non-reflective cough. So for correct diagnosis and avoiding incorrect and excess treatments it’s necessary to have information about prevalence of these calcifications in regional populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcification in panoramic radiographs in a selected Iranian population.
In this cross sectional study, panoramic radiographs of 5000 patients referring to Oral & Maxillofacial radiology department of Babol dental school from 2014 to 2017 were examined. Prevalence of soft tissue calcification, their location and factors such as age and sex were examined.
The prevalence of soft tissue calcifications was 484 subjects (9.7%) for elongated stylohyoid process, 52 subjects (1%) for tonsilolith, 9 subjects (0.2%) for calcified lymph node, 22 subjects (0.4%) for calcified carotid artery bifurcation,17 subjects (0.3%)for calcified thyroid cartilage. There was not found any rhinolith, antrolith and sialolith.
The prevalence of tonsilolith (34to18) and calcified thyroid cartilage(7to2) was significantly higher in men than. (p= 0.002, 0.048)
The prevalence of calcification of stylohyoid complex (p=0.001), tonsilolith (p=0.001), calcified thyroid cartilage (p=0.003) and calcification of carotid artery (p=0.001) significantly increases with age.
The study showed that the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications was 11.68% (584 case).

Celestial teachings are comprehensive guidances for reaching to the ideal integrity of human being. Of the most considerable and important axes in celestial teachings are family and population. Promoting family health, increasing fertility rate, balance, and youth of the population is the countries policy. Explaining the ideal pattern of family health and fertility based on Iranian culture and Islamic Ethical values, and using these values is essential to promote the ideal population in Iran. Promotion of Medical Education in response to community and health system needs is constantly one of the main priorities for medical education planner. The purpose of this study is expressing the Quran & Etrat viewpoint to population and family health, for using in Iran’s medical education programs.

This applied inter-disciplinary study the Quran and Hadith literature has been reviewed and interpreted with content analysis approach. The concepts of “healthy family” and “ideal population “in the holly literature teachings were clarified and the related strategies in religious literature were investigated. Some practical recommendations to integrate the identified values in medical education programs of our country were presented at the end of the article.

The results of the study showed that religious belief-values included the importance of marriage and childbirth on mental, physical, social, and spiritual family health. Also, these teachings emphasized on raising and educating the good child and enhancing population quality. According to Quran, the only way to reach to an ideal society and population is to promote religious lifestyle and avoidance of non-religion style.

Using the celestial and religious teachings in Iran‘s Health and Medical Education programs is essential for increasing the family health, the childbirth and "Population balance “. This strategy could play a significant role in implementing Iranian Islamic pattern of family health to receive the ideal population for our country.

During recent years fertility rate is decreasing in Iran. This study aimed to assess fertility desire, its correlates and reasons for fertility desire or fertility disinterest among Iranians.
This was a population-based study. A sample of married individuals living in all 32 provinces in Iran were asked whether they intend to have a child at present. Participants were interviewed via a structured questionnaire including items on socio-demographic and reproductive information. Participants also were asked to indicate reasons for desire or disinterest for fertility. Participants were free to name several reasons as they wish. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the data. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between fertility desire and independent variables.
In all 20935 individuals (10388 male and 10547 female) were interviewed. The mean age of participants was 36.28 (SD= 8.23) years. Overall 31.8% of the respondents indicated that they wish to have a child while the remaining 68.2 said that they did not. The most important reason for fertility desire was interest in having children (93.5%), followed by wish to experience parenthood (92.2%). The most important reason for disinterest was worry about the future of a new child (76.1%) followed by economic limitations (71.0%).
The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed that infertility disinterest was significantly associated with older age [OR= 1.10, 95% CI(1.09-1.11 )], younger age at marriage [OR= 0.93, 95% CI(0.92-0.94)], female gender [OR= 1.44, 95% CI(1.24-1.67)], having more children at present [OR= 1.88, 95% CI(1.79-1.98)], lower number of abortion and stillbirth [OR= 0.86, 95% CI(0.82-0.92)] and living in urban areas [OR= 1.36, 95% CI(1.26-1.47)].
The findings suggest that willingness to experience parenthood and economic hardship are the most common reasons for fertility desire or fertility disinterest. The findings might help policy makers to implement appropriate interventions if they wish to improve population growth rate for the country.

Background and Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a rare genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern which is caused by mutations in the COLQ gene. Molecular diagnosis of the disease using direct mutation analysis is expensive and time consuming. Alternatively, linkage analysis using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers (SNP) provides a suitable method in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of the disease in families with an affected individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the informative situation of rs6442530 marker in COLQ gene.
In this experimental study, using bioinformatics investigations, rs6442530 marker located in intron 1 of COLQ gene was selected for genotyping studies. For this purpose, 152 healthy individuals from Isfahan population were genotyped using ARMS PCR technique. Then the allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and heterozygosity of the marker were estimated using the Genepop software. Finally the amount of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was computed by PIC Calculator software for the marker.
The results indicated 43.4% Minor Allele Frequency (MAF), 48.684211% heterozygosity rate and 0.3706 PIC for rs6442530 marker in Isfahan population. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium showed the presence of equilibrium for rs6442530 in this population.
Together, according to the results (MAF>0.2 and PIC close to 0.375) rs6442530 marker could be suggested as an appropriate marker for molecular diagnosis of CMS in Isfahan population.

To find out reasons for fertility desire or fertility disinterest among people living in Tehran, Iran.
This was a population-based study. A sample of married individuals living in all 22 districts in Tehran recruited and was asked to indicate reasons for desire or disinterest for fertility. Data were collected via a single open question. Participants were free to name several reasons as they wish. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the data.
In all 1200 individuals (600 male and 600 female) were interviewed. The mean age of participants was 33.6 (SD = 7.31) years. The most important reason for fertility desire was wish to experience parenthood (90.7%) followed by having inadequate number of children (72.4%) and interest in having a crowded family (64.1%). The most important reason for disinterest for fertility was worrying about the future of the new child (83.2%) followed by economic problems (77.5%), and having adequate number of children (74.5%).
The findings might help health policy makers to implement appropriate interventions if they wish to improve population growth rate for the country.

Thalassemia, is one of the most common genetic diseases in many countries. There are two common types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. Prevalence of thalassemia-causing mutations is different among various parts of the world and even within different ethnic groups living in our country. In addition to clinical, biochemical and hematologic diagnostic methods, some molecular techniques are used for prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia. On the basis of the present study, the following mutations are common in our country: IVS I-5(G>C), IVS II-1(G>A), FSC36/37(-T), IVS I-110(G>A), FSC 8/9(+G), IVS I-1(G>A), FSC8(-AA), IVSI-25 bp, CD30(G>C) and FSC44(-C). These mutations are about 80% of all mutations. Mutation IVS II-1 (G> A) is common across the country but other mutations may be common among other specific ethnic groups. In this study, those publications related to research over the prevalency of beta thalasemia mutation were studied and analyzed and the common mutations in different provinces of the country are presented. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the disease would improve identifying the clinical features of disease and facilitate application of preventing programs and treatment for the disease.