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This study aims to assess the effect of olive leaf smoke inhalation on the blood Biochemical factors, activity of liver enzymes, and the changes in liver, lung and kidney tissues in male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were put in three groups of 7, including control, olive smoke for one hour per day, and olive smoke for two hours per day. The levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and the activity of liver enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. Histological changes in liver, kidney, and lung tissues were also investigated. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance. The significant level was set at P<0.05.

Treatment with olive leaf smoke for two hours significantly increased blood glucose level, but it did not cause significant changes in triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, HDL, and LDL levels and ALT enzyme activity (P>0.05). However, it significantly increased the activity of AST and GGT enzymes compared to two other groups (P<0.001). Treatment with olive leaf smoke for one hour did not cause significant changes in these factors.

Treatments with olive leaf smoke for 1 or 2 hours do not cause significant changes in blood biochemical factors. However, the 2-hour treatment can affect the activity of liver enzymes AST, ALP and GGT. The olive leaf smoke has pathological effects on liver, lung and kidney tissues.

Nowadays, science tries to find a way to control the pathogens in public place and health centers. The use of medicinal smokes is common in Iranian traditional medicine to improve air quality and purify air.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Herbal fume, contain frankincense, clove, sandalwood and camel grass against a variety of microorganisms.
Herbal smoke include, sandalwood (Santalum album), camel grass (Cymbopogon schoenanthus), condor (Boswellia sacra) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), against microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, was investigated.
Sandalwood and camel grass fumes could inhibit C. albicans completely both in 7 minutes and inhibit B. subtilis in turn in 9 minute and 11 minute. Also they could inhibit E. coli and S. aureus in turn in 10 and 9 minute. Frankincense and clove fume had no significant effects. Mixing two plants, sandalwood and camel grass in the ratio 1:1, will enhanced the antimicrobial effects of these smoke and the inhibition time come shorter.
According to this research, Sandalwood and camel grass smoke have significant effect. Microbes and fungi showed great sensitivity against herbal fume and the smoke expressed the possibility of industrial usage. Further research is required to identify the chemical composition of these plant smokes.

The use of medicinal smokes in treatment of many diseases, including infectious microbial diseases, has long been popular in Iran. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of smoke of Anbar Nasara (donkey dung) extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with common antibiotics.
In this experimental study, donkey dung smoke as medicine and antibiotics as a control group were considered. Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were cultured in suitable mediums. Anbar Nasara extract was prepared without use of solvent, in order to prevent the antibacterial effect of solvent on microbes. Dilution and disk diffusion test was performed 3 times for each of the bacteria.
Findings: The mean of inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus by Anbar Nasara smoke was significantly greater than the inhibition zone induced by vancomycin; but there was no significant difference between the inhibition zone of Bacillus subtilis induced by Anbar Nasara smoke and ciprofloxacin. Least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test showed that the inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher than the Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis induced higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than Staphylococcus aureus; but, Bacillus subtilis induced higher minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values than Staphylococcus aureus.
The smoke of Anbar Nasara extract has a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth; so it can be offered as a medicine.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a main problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. Thus searching for alternative drug is essential in Iran and particularly Chaharmahal va bakhtiari province. People use medicinal smokes such as donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial property of donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. In this interventional and laboratory study groups of Peganum harmala seed smoke and donkey dung were considered as case groups and antibiotic disks as positive control group. Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in suitable medium (Blood Agar EMB and Mueller-Hinton agar). Antibiobiogram blank disks were fumigated separately with Peganum harmala seed and female donkey dung smoke then placed on microbial plate with sterile methods. Following 48 hours incubation at 37°C the zone of growth inhibition evaluated by measuring the zone around the disks. Fumigation process was done in special chest that designed for this research. We repeated fumigation each 20 minutes for 24 times. Data about measuring the zone of growth inhibition were analyzed by using and mean statistic exam. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Peganum harmala seed and fdonkey dung smokes and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive to female donkey dung smoke. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to cloxacilllin and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive only to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The increasing time of fumigation in sensitive cases enhanced antimicrobial effects and the zone of growth inhibition. Antimicrobial effects of donkey dung smokes on resistance pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa Staphylococcus aureus revealed the necessity of performing expanded research about composition and property of this smoke.