جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رحم » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Menopause, as a natural process in every woman's life, is often accompanied by symptoms that disrupt mental peace and cause confusion in fulfilling religious duties. Irregular and unusual bleeding is one of the most obvious features of the onset of menopause until its full realization. Recognizing the nature of these secretions has been the subject of jurisprudential analysis and the lack of an explicit expression in religious texts has provided an opportunity for jurisprudential interpretation and debate. In this research, while comparing the achievements of jurisprudence and medicine, the differences of opinions of jurists regarding the realization and determination of menopause age and the effect of these differences on the nature of uterine blood secretions are discussed.

 The data was collected by descriptive-analytical method and by referring to library sources, and the opinion of jurists and doctors on the nature of uterine blood secretions during and after menopause was qualitatively analyzed.

 The result is to accept the certainty of menopause occurrence, but it doesn’t consider a specific and fixed age for its onset. Therefore, physicians’ diagnosis and opinion plays a determining role. Considering the effect of disagreements on the nature of uterine blood secretions during and after menopause, it is better to consider the secretions of this period as menstruation if it agrees with the person's habit and with the characteristics of menstrual secretions. But with the realization of menopause, abnormal blood discharge is considered Istihazeh.

Puberty is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which is accompanied by physiological changes. Menarche age is an important puberty indicator for assessing growth status. Growth and maturity of the genitals are essential for a girl's reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between uterine sonographic characteristics and dimensions with menarche and puberty in girls.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 76 healthy girls (aged 9-16 years) who were referred to the endocrinology clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan (Iran) during 2017-2020. Height, weight and age were recorded and uterine and ovarian dimensions were measured by pelvic sonography.

There was a significant positive correlation between menarche age (r=0.79, P=0.001) and ovarian length (r=0.81, P=0.007), ovarian volume and the length of the largest side of the uterus (r=0.77, P=0.001). Height had a significant positive association with menarche age (b=0.082, P=0.002) and ovarian length in the second place (b=0.097, P=0.004). But there was an inverse relationship between menarche age and girls' weight.

An increase in the menarche age increases the size of the uterus and its volume.

 Some women congenitally or due to illness have no uterus and are unable to conceive. But fortunately over the last decade it has become possible for them to become pregnant through a uterine transplantation. The purpose of this study was to jurisprudential investigated of uterine transplantation.

 This article is written by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources by taking notes.

 Some believe since uterine transplantation is risky for the donor, the reciever and the baby and it is not life-saving, and the woman without a uterus is able to experience childbearing through alternative methods, this practice is morally unacceptable. However, by studing the rules and principles of jurisprudence, it can be said that uterine transplantation is justifiable. It is worth noting although uterine transplantation is risky for the donor; this amount of risk can be justified by reasons such as the principle of dominance. Also, the sanctity of the harm to the reciever is lifted based on rules such as urgency, denial of hardship, etc. It should be noted that although there are alternative methods of childbearing for women without a uterus, but for some people, these methods are not desirable and they prefer the fetus to be in the wife's uterus. From a jurisprudential point of view, human beings have the right to have children, and since Permission in the object is also considered permission in its accessories, therefore uterine transplantation as a prelude to having children in a person without a uterus is allowed.

 Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this organ’s diseases. Many gynecological disorders in TIM including infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are related to uterine distemperament (Su-e mizaj). Therefore, their appropriate treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment of uterine distemperament. Criteria for uterine distemperament in TIM resources are qualitative with no method for precise measurement of its symptoms. This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic protocol of uterine temperament and distemperament for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

 This is a qualitative study using hybrid concept analysis including three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, TIM resources were reviewed. In the fieldwork phase, experts in TIM and patients were interviewed to extract concepts related to uterine temperaments and distemperaments.

 In the final analytical phase, major and minor criteria for determination of uterine temperament were presented. Then, we had a several meetings with a panel of experts in TIM in order to design the protocol which led to the development of a standard diagnostic protocol of warm and cold uterine temperament/distemperament.

 The proposed protocol is an important step towards harmonizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment in TIM, and can be used for treatment or research purposes.

Cerclage surgeries for the treatment of cervical insufficiency are performed transvaginally. However, in some patients, due to anatomical changes of the cervix caused by congenital factors or previous surgery, they cannot be performed transvaginally. Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage (TCIC) is considered in these cases. The aim of the present study was to report the results of three successful cases of transabdominal cerclage.

CASE REPORT: 

The first patient was a 34-year-old woman with a history of failed curettage and transvaginal cerclage. By the seventh week of pregnancy, the patient underwent transabdominal cerclage via laparotomy due to the possibility of preterm delivery and cervical insufficiency. The next patient was a 40-year-old woman with a history of performing six IVF sessions and having two live fetuses, underwent TCIC laparotomy at 13th week of pregnancy due to the possibility of preterm delivery and cervical insufficiency. Another patient was a 24-year-old woman with a history of transvaginal curettage and cerclage and 2 miscarriages. This patient also underwent laparoscopic TCIC surgery due to the possibility of preterm delivery and cervical insufficiency. All three patients underwent cesarean section at 38th week of gestation and gave birth to healthy babies.

According to the present study, transabdominal cerclage via laparoscopy or laparotomy in patients with preterm delivery or cervical insufficiency has favorable results in women with unsuccessful transvaginal cerclage.

In present era, one of the new and important issues in the field of medical issues is the treatment of infertility in couples and having baby by artificial fertilizationmethods. One of the new methods in this field is surrogacy, so that the applicant rents another woman's uterus to spend the period of carrying her fetus so that the fetus is born from her.

This descriptive-analytical study seeks a well-reasoned juridical answer for the validity of surrogacy contracts. So by usingthe library resources, it examines the subject of research in jurisprudential booksandalso adaptes the conditions for surrogacy validity such as determining the benefit of the leased action, the existence of the intended benefit and the permission to receive the rent and ... with surrogacy and finaly its selected defining and declaratory lawisexpressed.

This article examines the argumentative and jurisprudentialissues related to this issue and jurists’ views and it concludes that there is a connection between reproduction and marital relationship in Islam. Therefore, it is not possible to using uterus of another woman to have children, and renting a uterus for this purpose will be void. The surrogacy contracts and receiving wage will be valid and permissible only in the cases of artificial fertilizationpermission, such as the use of the uterus of a second spouse or temporary spouse

Myomas are the most common benign tumors observed in 20-25% of women in the reproductive age. The incidence of myoma increases with age occurring in about 30% of 40-60 yrs old women. Despite being benign, myomas are associated with high morbidity due to abnormal uterine bleeding and fertility complications. Thus, proper diagnosis and treatment of myoma at any age is essential. Clinical examination by a physician can partially diagnose myoma. For correct management of myoma, accurate diagnosis demonstrating location, size and type of myoma is necessary. This can only be achieved through medical imaging techniques. Today, many different medical imaging techniques are present including two- and three dimensional ultrasonography, Hysterosonography, Hysterosalpingography, CT-scan and MRI. In this study, various types of myomas, its diagnosis and latest methods of treatment are studied.

Intrauterine infections (TORCH) lead to the involvement of various organs of the body of the fetus, including the eye. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical response of eye lesions to specific drugs, in infants with confirmed TORCH induced ocular lesions.

This historical cohort study from 2011 to 2017, had done in Pediatrics and Ophthalmology Department of Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Cases included; 78 infants with confirmed intrauterine infection (TORCH) with ophthalmologic disorders (glaucoma, cataract, and retinitis), 3 cases died (without any treatment). The cases with incomplete diagnosis, no treatment or without follow-up excluded from study. Out of 74 children with confirmed TORCH induced ophthalmologic disorders, finally 37 children (25 cytomegalovirus, 12 toxoplasma) were treated with specific drugs, and clinical response to treatment was followed-up to 1 year by ophthalmologic examination.

From 12 cases with ophthalmologic disorders due to congenital toxoplasmosis, 5 cases had full treatment, 4 cases had complete response. One case had not any improvement. From 25 cases with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV), 18 patients continued treatment, 9 cases with complete clinical response, 9 cases had not response to antiviral treatment, indeed most non responder cases had central nervous system involvement from birth. The best response observed in CMV infected cases accompanied with sensory hearing loss (without CNS involvement).

Good clinical response of ophthalmic diseases in 80% of congenital toxoplasma; and 50% of congenital cytomegalovirus infected cases. Probably with initial diagnosis and rapid treatment of cases with TORCH induced ophthalmic disorders (especially cases without CNS involvement) it would lead to stopping ocular lesions.

 Monthly regeneration of endometrium after cyclical mensturation confirmed the ability of specific population of the cells that presence in the basalis layer and undergone consecutive hormonal changes that could prepared the endometrial layer for probable implantation. These cells, known as, stem cell. The aim of this study was the isolation and culture of human endometrial derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (EnMSCs).

.In this study, human endometrial tissues were collected after fully-informed patient consent, which attended the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility. After washing and enzymatic treatment, EnMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro.

Cells from endometrium were successfully isolated using enzymatically treatment and mechanically dissociation, then cultured and expanded for several passages for further characterization and evaluations. Endometrium derived cells were morphologically similar to mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs).

The results of the present study confirm previous reports in vitro studies for the isolation and culture of human EnMSCs. Endometrial tissue is a part of uterus with available source of MSCs with self-renewal and differentiation capacity that undergoes a cyclical regeneration every month in normal women’s life span. In this regard, human EnMSCs could be used for future novel therapeutic methods in regenerative medicine for treatment of uterine-factor infertile patients, which can lead to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and finally resolve of surrogacy problems.

Borderline ovarian tumors make a small contribution to the ovarian pathologies; however, with regard to the prevalence of this malignancy at reproductive age, prognosis and standard treatment of these patients are of great significance in oncology trials. The present study aimed to introduce two patients with borderline ovarian tumors to examine the prognosis determinants based on similar studies. In the winter of 2018, two patients with similar medical history of ovarian cysts diagnosed in 2016 with stage I epithelial ovarian tumor (borderline) pathology referred to an emergency department in a university hospital. The first patient was a 29-year-old woman. Following the surgery to preserve her fertility, the mentioned patient experienced relapse and metastases without any proper responses to treatment. Despite all the efforts of the medical team, the patient died due to the severity of her disease. The other patient was a 26-year-old woman, who was admitted at 36th week of pregnancy with the diagnosis of preeclampsia, and delivered a 2800-gram healthy boy. Although it seems that borderline tumor is distinct from other ovarian malignancies in term of prognosis, based on the present case report, the prognosis must be investigated in each patient in individualize manner.

Precocious puberty can cause important physical and psychiatric complications, although timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent these complications. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test is the diagnostic test for central precocious puberty that due to the limitation and invasiveness of the test, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the complementary role of pelvic ultrasound as a noninvasive and cost benefit test for diagnosis of precocious puberty. This cross-sectional study was performed on 15 girls aged < 8 years who had referred by their parents with complain of secondary sexual characteristic to the pediatric endocrinology clinic of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad in 2018. In addition to the measurements of height and weight and BMI, gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test was performed for the subjects. Girls with LH levels ≥ 5 IU / L were referred to the radiology department of Imam Reza hospital for pelvic ultrasonography. Pelvic ultrasonography was performed by radiologist using a conventional full-bladder 2- to5-MHz transducer. Length, width and height of the uterus, uterus volume, length, width, height and volume of the ovaries were measured. Then, the results were compared with ultrasonography of 15 subjects as control group. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and t-test and Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was significant difference between case and control groups in terms of all criteria of sonography (p=0.001), except for transverse diameter of the left ovary that there was no significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.102). The best criterion among the criteria was the volume of the right ovary (with area under the curve = 0.871) and then uterus volume (with area under the curve = 0.864) and uterus length (with area under the curve= 0.851). Ultrasonography can be considered as a useful method for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls, although additional survey on larger population is needed to confirm the accuracy of this method.

Retinoic acid is recognized as a regulator of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was done to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the uterine tissue and estradiol and progesterone hormones in female adult BALB/c mice.
Material & In this study after determining the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III), control group (non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were applied to compare the means with significance level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001).
Uterine tissue studies indicated an increase in overall thickness of the uterus (endometrium, myometrium, perimeterum) (P It can be concluded that retinoic acid has damaging effect on the uterus tissue and sexual hormones, and its use especially in female should be by awareness and under physician supervision.

Sperm donation is used as a donor sperm to cause male azoospermia or other reasons for pregnancy of women and fertilization with women egg by IUI or IVF until it creates fetus for production of human. The fetus belongs to women and created with her eggs, but is foreign to husband and don’t have any genetic relation with him. There are many disputes in sutra of sperm donation that this approach is authorized or illegal. There are two theories in this subject. One of them lawfully and other unlawfully that each of them have their arguments in providing their opinion. After hecking comments and arguments and review and analysis of them, it seams that illegal theory have more precise legal basis and must accept the prohibition of sperm donation.