جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "روایی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Stigma refers to negative and destructive attitudes and beliefs that society has towards some social groups, such as mental patients, disabled people, or a certain race. In Iran, there is no comprehensive and accurate questionnaire about the stigma of physical disability from a sociological point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the validity and reliability of the physical disability stigma questionnaire.

The present survey-cross-sectional study that was conducted among 620 people with physical disabilities living in Tehran and Yasuj cities using convenience sampling method. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, content, face, construct, convergent, discriminant, Cross-validated Communality and redundancy were used, and Cronbach's alpha, loop method, and composite reliability were used to evaluate reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS ans PLS analytical softwares.

The results indicated that convergent validity was established at the level of variables (AVE > 0.50) and at the level of items (factor loadings > 0.40) which indicated the validity and accuracy of the investigated items to measure the related variables. According to factor loading values, in measuring social stigma, family stigma dimension (0.770); In the measurement of perceived stigma, the dimension of "feeling being seen differently (0.870)" and in the measurement of self-stigma, the dimension of "avoidance stigma (0.871)" had a greater impact than other dimensions. It was correspondingly displayed that divergent validity was established at the level of variables and items, and according to the Fornell-Larcker index, the square root of the extracted average variance of each factor was greater than the maximum correlation of that factor with other factors. The results of combined reliability indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency reliability and the reliability of the measurement model was confirmed (CR > 0.70). Finally, the results of common cross-validity and redundancy revealed that the measurement model had good quality, appropriateness and predictive power (Q2 > 0.11).

According to the validity and reliability indicators of the measurement tool, it can be said that this questionnaire was appropriate in terms of content. The items were able to measure the desired variables. Moreover, the questionnaire had a worthy and satisfactory quality and can be a proper tool for measuring the physical disability stigma.

Values are the core structures of personality and are considered standards to guide thinking and action. Values guide people towards certain positions in social issues and place people in favor of an ideology against others. When people think about their personal values, they think about what is important, good, and worthy for them. According to intrinsic and extrinsic motivational content, Schwartz conceptualized 10 types of personal values. Personal values with an internal orientation (centered on the person) belong to the two dimensions of self–enhancement (universalism and benevolence) and openness to changes (benevolence, self–direction, and stimulation), and personal values with an external orientation (centered on the community) belong to the two dimensions of conversation (stimulation, tradition, and security) and self–transcendence (achievement and power). These values act as guiding principles in a person's life and are considered the building blocks of good life and well–being. Psychosocial researchers have long been interested in finding ways to assess human values. Schwartz and his colleagues have developed various tools to achieve this ambitious goal. One of the most important tools is the short form of the Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire short form (PVQ–21, 2001) in Iranian university students.

This research was methodological. The statistical population included all students of Farhangian University in Tehran City, Iran, in the academic year 2021–2022. Considering that the minimum sample size for factor analysis is 6 to 10 times the number of instrument items, in the present study, after removing 35 inaccurate questionnaires, 450 people were included in the study using the available sampling method. The study participants answered the short form of PVQ–21. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked using two indices, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), with the opinion of ten experts (3 people are PhD in psychometrics, 5 are clinical psychologists, and 2 are PhD students in clinical psychology). Using the Lawshe table, the optimal CVR was 0.62. The value of 0.79 was considered an acceptable value for CVI. The factorial structure, the short form of the Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire, was determined using confirmatory factor analysis with the help of LISREL version 8.8 software, and the reliability of the tool was determined using the Cronbach alpha coefficient in SPSS version 24 software. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Content validity was checked with the opinion of 10 experts, and the range of CVR for each statement was between 0.80 and 1. Comparing the obtained values with the Lawshe table for each phrase, the CVR was 0.62, indicating the significance of the presence of phrases in the research tool. The results of the CVI of each phrase were more than 0.79, which showed the simplicity, specificity, and appropriate clarity of each phrase. The factorial structure of PVQ–21 in the students of Farhangian University showed that, in addition to 10 personal values, this tool has four general factors of openness to changes (benevolence, self–direction, and stimulation), self–enhancement (universalism and benevolence), conversation (stimulation, tradition, and security), and self–transcendence (achievement and power). According to the value perspective, Schwartz's personal values were measured. Fit indices, including χ2/df=2/90; MRSEA=0.065; CFI=0.92, and GFI=0.90 were optimally obtained. The Cronbach alpha values were calculated between 0.700 (for self–transcendence) and 0.777 (for self–enhancement).

The findings of this research showed that the short form of PVQ–21 (2001) has good validity and reliability in Farhangian University students, and it can be used to check people's personal values. This questionnaire has good validity and reliability among Iranian students and can be used as a tool for examining one's personal values.

Emotional vulnerability is a multifaceted and intricate experience that involves both psychological and physiological factors. It is described as a type of distress that arises from emotional difficulties such as interpersonal conflicts or deep emotional wounds. This concept includes feelings of hurt, sadness, or suffering that may stem from various sources, such as sensitivity to criticism, fear of rejection, avoidance of emotional situations, and difficulty in managing interpersonal conflicts. Emotional vulnerability refers to the psychological distress caused by negative emotions such as sadness, grief, anger, or anxiety. This concept plays a significant role in affecting mental health and psychological well-being. Despite the significant impact of emotional vulnerability on psychological problems and disorders, there is no appropriate tool to measure it in the Iranian population. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Emotional Vulnerability Scale (Yamaguchi et al., 2022) in the Iranian population.

This study was of a tool development and methodological research design. The statistical population consisted of 10,414 students from Zanjan University in the academic year 2022-2023. To assess content validity, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used. The reliability of the Emotional Vulnerability Scale (Yamaguchi et al., 2022) was evaluated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability. Since the minimum recommended sample size for test-retest is 30, 50 participants were randomly selected for this assessment. Additionally, the face validity of the tool was qualitatively evaluated by consulting 15 students. The study’s statistical sample for confirmatory factor analysis consisted of 400 participants selected through random cluster sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure (construct validity) and convergent validity (Pearson correlation with the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002)). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24, with all tests computed at a 5% significance level.

The CVR values for all items ranged from 0.80 to 1.0, indicating that the importance and necessity of each item in the tool were confirmed with a CVR greater than 0.63. Moreover, the CVI for the entire tool was calculated to be greater than 0.63, demonstrating that the items had appropriate simplicity, specificity, and clarity. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the entire scale were 0.83, with subscale values of 0.81 for vulnerability to criticism or rejection, 0.78 for vulnerability to weakened relationships, 0.75 for vulnerability to interpersonal conflicts, and 0.80 for vulnerability to procrastination and emotional avoidance. The test-retest reliability for the entire scale was 0.80, with subscale values of 0.73 for vulnerability to criticism or rejection, 0.76 for vulnerability to weakened relationships, 0.74 for vulnerability to interpersonal conflicts, and 0.79 for vulnerability to procrastination and emotional avoidance. The factor structure of the Emotional Vulnerability Scale was confirmed in the Iranian sample, and all model fit indices were acceptable (χ2/df=1.55, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.93, IFI=0.91, CFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.037). Additionally, the correlation coefficients between the four subscales—Vulnerability to criticism or denial, Vulnerability toward worsening relationships, Vulnerability toward interpersonal discord, and Vulnerability toward procrastination and emotional avoidance—and the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) were 0.21, 0.41, 0.24, and 0.35, respectively, and with the Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002) were 0.33, 0.42, 0.37, and 0.46, respectively.

These findings indicate that this scale is a suitable tool for assessing emotional vulnerability among Iranian students. The results of this study can be applied in the fields of clinical psychology, health psychology, and family counseling.

It is necessary to examine different dimensions of psychometrics in different sciences, and paying attention to the accuracy and precision of the results can lead to the construction of reliable and valid tools; In this article, exploratory factor analysis has been done using SPSS software, version 26.

This research was a brief report that was conducted between 30 January 2023 to 10 October 2023. Reliability means reproducibility and continuity of results in the same conditions, and validity means matching the test with the purpose for which it was designed. Validity includes face, content, criterion and construct validity. To determine construct validity, various methods are used including: convergent validity, divergent validity, internal consistency and factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method that aims to simplify a complex set of data and allows researchers to find a specific pattern among many variables and complex relationships between them which includes exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis is a statistical technique that is used to estimate hidden factors or variables and reduce the large number of variables.

exploratory factor analysis is a statistical method that is used by reducing the number of variables and exploring the underlying structure of a large set of variables with the aim of discovering factors or hidden variables, and its basic assumption is that any variable may be related to any factor. It tries to use factor loadings to discover the factorial structure of the data and by identifying the basic structures, grouping the factors by considering the common meaning of the variables.

Reliability means repeatability and validity of the degree of accuracy of the results which are measured through different methods. Exploratory factor analysis uses construct validity measurement methods to simplify the data and provide more reliable and valid tools, so it is very important to pay attention to the accurate and correct measurement of the results in the validation of health system tools.

 The quality of life of patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis is influenced by physical, psychological, and social factors. Accurate assessment of these dimensions using standardized tools is of great importance. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the 12-item Quality of Life Questionnaire in patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Iranian population.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2023, 411 hemodialysis patients in Mazandaran were selected through convenience sampling. After translating the Short Form-12 Quality of Life Questionnaire, its psychometric properties were assessed through exploratory factor analysis, network analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, along with construct validity (convergent and divergent validity). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients.

The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that two factors—physical health status and mental health status—accounted for 44.55% of the variance in the quality of life among hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI= 0.930, IFI= 0.931, RFI= 0.936, TLI= 0.954). The extracted mental health factor in men demonstrated convergent validity (AVE above 0.5), and both factors exhibited appropriate divergent validity. Ultimately, the internal consistency of the Quality of Life Questionnaire was found to be within an acceptable range (greater than 0.7).

The psychometric analysis of the Quality of Life Questionnaire indicates that patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis perceive their quality of life through two primary dimensions: physical and mental health status. This study confirmed the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) and the appropriate factor structure of the Persian version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Healthcare providers can use this tool in various studies to assess and improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients The use of this questionnaire allows researchers and healthcare professionals to more accurately and comprehensively evaluate the different aspects of quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Employing this tool can enhance treatment processes and improve patient satisfaction, serving as a valuable instrument for future research. This study emphasizes the importance of using valid and reliable tools to assess quality of life and recommends that nurses and other healthcare professionals integrate the Persian version of the 12-item Quality of Life Questionnaire into their treatment and research programs to help improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients and achieve better treatment outcomes.Future studies are recommended to investigate the impact of factors such as nutrition, social support, and rehabilitation programs on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Additionally, utilizing this questionnaire in different populations and therapeutic contexts can contribute to the generalizability of the findings and offer a more effective tool for quality of life assessments. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the 12-item Quality of Life Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the quality of life in hemodialysis patients, making it valuable for both research and clinical programs. Using this tool can help improve patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes while providing essential data for clinical decision-making.

Assessing job satisfaction within any organization is essential due to its impact on productivity and overall effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire among employees of emergency medical centers.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz between February 2021 and June 2021. Data collection was performed using a census method and Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Face validity, content validity, and translation accuracy of the questionnaire were reviewed by experts. Convergent and divergent validity and reliability were assessed using factor loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), reciprocal factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability in SMART-PLS 3 software.

The face validity, content validity, and translation accuracy of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts to suit the Iranian context. All item factor loadings and the AVE index for all constructs exceeded 0.4. The AVE index for the entire questionnaire was 0.523. Examination of reciprocal factor loadings confirmed divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability indices for all constructs were above 0.7. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for the entire questionnaire were 0.83 and 0.88, respectively.

The validity and reliability of this questionnaire, as adjusted for the Iranian population, were confirmed to be high. Therefore, this questionnaire can be effectively used to evaluate job satisfaction among employees in various organizations, particularly in healthcare organizations and centers.

Today's problems of cities make it necessary to pay attention to the idea of healthy cities more than in the past. A requirement to have a healthy city is to identify health indicators in different dimensions. The study of these indicators requires accurate and reliable measurement tools. In this regard, the study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometrically and using the questionnaire of the indicators of Healthy city.

A descriptive study was conducted in the first stage on 300 adults aged 20 and over in Isfahan city and in the second stage on 150 people in 1402. The initial questionnaire of healthy city indicators was designed with 107 items based on the opinions of professors and experts in the fields of urban planning, urban engineering, environmental health, psychology, health and social welfare, health policy, health in disasters. In different stages of psychometrics, face validity, content validity (CVR, CVI), criteria (divergent and convergent), exploratory factor analysis and reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used to report the data in the software (version 26, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)

 In the phase of determining quantitative face and content validity (CVR greater than 0.51 and CVI greater than 0.79 was acceptable), 52 items out of 107 items of the questionnaire were removed. All the remaining 55 items had a significant correlation with the total score of the questionnaire in the internal consistency measurement stage. In the Varimax exploratory factor analysis stage, 5 factors had an eigenvalue greater than one and were named as follows: "welfare, support and social participation" by explaining 53.99% of the variance; "Public, health and sanitary services"; "Cultural, educational and residential accesses"; "Emergency, health and social management"; and "fitness and urban beauty". Convergent and divergent validity was confirmed due to the stronger correlation between each item's score with its respective dimension score (P<0.0001), and lower correlation with other dimensions. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire at 0.959 and for the questionnaire scales in the range of 0.934 to 0.784. According to the findings of the application stage, no statistically significant difference was observed between the average score of the indicators of Healthy city by sex, education level, and employment status of the citizens.

The psychometrics of the questionnaire of the indicators of Healthy city indicated that the evaluations carried out in different stages were approved, as a result, the questionnaire has sufficient validity and reliability and usability. The results of this study can be used by policy makers and agents of the urban area and benefit from the benefits of planning related to measuring and using the tools of all citizens.

Thirst distress is a common complication in the final stage of kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the network and psychometric properties of the thirst distress scale in the Iranian hemodialysis patients.

In this cross-sectional study in 2023, 411 hemodialysis patients in Mazandaran were selected using the convenience sampling method. After translating the scale, its psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory factor analysis, network analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, and the structural validity (convergent and divergent validity) was assessed. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega, and composite reliability.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed two factors of distress due to thirst and dry mouth were extracted, explaining 80.46% of the variance in thirst distress among hemodialysis patients. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the assumed model had a good fit (CFI = 0.971, IFI = 0.971, RFI = 0.923, NFI = 0.969). The extracted factors demonstrated good convergent validity (AVE above 0.50 for both factors) and high reliability (composite reliability above 0.70), and were appropriately divergent (HTMT ratio of 0.512). Finally, the internal stability of the thirst distress scale was deemed acceptable (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability above 0.70).

The psychometric results of the thirst distress scale indicated that chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis experience and perceive distress with two concepts of thirst and dry mouth. This study confirmed the psychometric properties (appropriate validity and reliability) and suitable factor structure for the Persian version of the thirst distress scale in hemodialysis patients. It can be stated that healthcare providers can utilize it in future studies.

Sexual self-disclosure plays an important role in couples' sexual performance and satisfaction. It is necessary to have a valid, reliable tool to measure this variable. Review of literature shows that there is no tool with socio-cultural appropriateness for Iranian women in this field; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and Psychometric Properties of the Context based female Sexual self-disclosure Questionnaire.

This methodological study conducted in 2020. In the first phase, the sexual self-disclosure of Iranian women and its dimensions explored by reviewing the literature using the thematic analysis approach. Then, using the deductive-inductive approach, the first 25 items compiled. In the second phase, psychometric assessment evaluated by examining face, content, construct and criterion validity as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

According to the results, sexual self-discloser of Iranian women extracted as "talking about sexual relationships and factors affecting quantity and quality". Quantitative indicators of content validity, CVI and CVR, were 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. The results of the study on the validity of the tool constructs designed by exploratory factor analysis led to identifying four factors that explained 65.06 of the variances. The results of the convergent validity assessment indicated the correlation coefficients between the total score of this questionnaire with Larson sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in the range of 0.66 to 0.93.

The results showed this questionnaires had optimal validity and reliability. Therefore, using this questionnaire to assess the level of female Sexual self-disclosure in future studies is suggested.

Ultrasonography can be a suitable tool for measuring the muscle thickness of people with scoliosis. In the present study, the reliability and validity of ultrasonography for measuring the muscle thickness of people with idiopathic scoliosis are investigated.

 The method of this study was a systematic review. Based on this, a search was conducted in scientific databases of SID, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, ISI and PubMed on articles examining ultrasonography’s reliability and validity for measuring muscle thickness in people with idiopathic scoliosis. The search keywords were “Reliability and Validity of Ultrasonography+Validity of Ultrasonography+ Reliability of Ultrasonography+Adolescence Idiopathic Scoliosis+Cross-section Muscles+Muscles.” Finally, the articles were entered into Endnote. In the selected studies, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the reliability and validity of ultrasonography for measuring the thickness of all muscles of people with idiopathic scoliosis were investigated. 

 After reviewing the articles based on the inclusion criteria, 17 articles with 792 samples were selected. The methodological quality of the studied articles was confirmed with a modified criterion taken from Downs and Black (1989). As the findings show, the accepted criteria or level of reliability and validity and corresponding ICC threshold values could be found in most studies but were somewhat heterogeneous. Confidence intervals (CI) (typically 95%) have been reported along with the ICC in all studies.

 According to the results, ultrasonography is a valid and reliable imaging method for evaluating the thickness of the muscles of people with idiopathic scoliosis.

In order to improve the psychological and academic status of students, having an authentic tool for their cognitive evaluation seems to be one of the essential factors. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a cognitive assessment test for junior high school students in Tehran.

The research was conducted using a descriptive-survey design and an instrument validation method. The research population consisted of all junior high school students in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 300 randomly selected junior high school students who completed the researcher-made test and the Stanford-Binet test. Linear factor analysis, internal consistency, criterion validity, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.

The findings obtained from the nonlinear factor analysis using the NOHARM software showed that the cognitive components were formed by five factors: knowledge, fluid reasoning, working memory, visuospatial processing, and quantitative memory. The results of KR20 confirmed the overall internal consistency in the three age groups 13 to 15. To assess the test's validity, a concurrent criterion validity method was used, employing the Pearson correlation coefficient, which showed a correlation coefficient above 0.58 in each age group (p<0.01). Content validity was assessed using the judgment of experts, yielding a value of 0.79. The overall reliability coefficient of the test ranged from 0.73 to 0.80 in all three age groups.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the researcher-made cognitive assessment questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties among junior high school students.

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adaptive Coping with Disease (AKU) questionnaire for Iranian patients with chronic diseases.

In this psychometrics study, participants were 477 patients with chronic diseases aged 16-79 years referred to medical centers in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2022. They completed the Persian versions of the AKU, Lazarus’ Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) used for assessing the construct validity, while Pearson correlation test was used for determining the convergent validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 27 and R package Laavan 4.3.2.

The CFA confirmed the six-factor structure of the AKU including Trust to Divine Help, Trust to Medical Help, Search Information and Alternative Help, Conscious Ways of Living, Positive Attitude, and Reappraisal, after excluding items 6 and 19. The fit indices showed the good fit of the CFA model (χ2/df= 2.32, RMSEA= 0.053, and CFI=0.949). The questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the overall scale and 0.59-0.81 for the six factors. The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.53 and the composite reliability coefficient was 0.94, indicating the fit of the model for convergent validity. A significant correlation was found between the Persian AKU score and the scores of WCQ and SF-36, indicating a good convergent validity.

The Persian AKU questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in research and clinics on Iranian patients with chronic diseases.

Sexual aggression and rape is one of the most challenging concepts in the current era; so the aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale in the Iranian population. For this purpose, factor structure, validity and reliability of the scale was examined.

Methods and Materials: 

A sample group of 937 Iranian people living in Iran who were between 20 and 50 years old, were selected by convenience sampling method; Then they completed the scale of The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure of the scale, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the validity, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the components of this scale. Intra-class correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the reliability of the retest.

Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the AMMSA scale has an acceptable factor structure. Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained from all components (above 0.9) also showed that this scale has a good internal consistency and also the correlation coefficients of Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) confirmed divergent and convergent validity of the scale, respectively (P<0.001).

The results showed that The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale has appropriate validity and reliability in Iranian population.

The maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) is the most important indicator of physical fitness, which is closely related to the general health of the body. Considering the problems of laboratory measurement of VO2max, estimating VO2max by non-exercise equations will be one of the alternative solutions. This study aims to evaluate the validity of the native non-exercise equation in estimating VO2max of healthy adolescent boys.

The variables of age, height, weight, and body mass index were measured in 248 healthy boys aged 15 to 18. The subjects' VO2max was measured and predicted by exercise test and non-exercise native equation respectively. To evaluate the validity of the native non-exercise equation, Pearson's correlation, paired t-test, and Bland-Altman's agreement were used.

There is a significant correlation between measured and predicted VO2max (R = 0.76, p<0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between predicted and measured VO2max (43.10 ml/kg/min and 43.38 ml/kg/min respectively) (mean difference=0.28 ml/kg/min, P>0.05). Also, the Bland-Altman graphic diagram indicated agreement between the methods of measuring and estimating VO2max.

In the present study, the native non-sports equation had a high validity in estimating VO2max of adolescent boys. It seems that the use of non-sports VO2max equations can be used as a simple, safe, and low-cost tool to evaluate the maximum aerobic capacity of students at a wide level.

Changes in mental workload are related to performance and level of fatigue, stress, human error, and job dissatisfaction. Questionnaires are simple, accessible, and valid tools for the assessment of mental workload. Therefore, the present study aimed at translation, cultural adaptation, and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Carmen-Q mental workload questionnaire.

This study was conducted on 296 subjects  (100 women and 196 men) with a mean age of 38.59±7.61 years, working in industrial and administrative sectors in several centers in Saveh. The process of translation and cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and included the stages of forward and backward translation, synthesizing and preparing a final version, piloting, and then final approval of the Persian version. Psychometric properties, including face validity (simplicity and readability), content validity (through content validity index), convergent validity (through correlation with NASA-TLX questionnaire), and internal consistency (using Cronbach's alpha coefficient) were assessed.

The translation, cultural adaptation, and face validity assessment were carried out according to related guidelines, and the text underwent some minor changes. The Content Validity Index values for each of the items and its total (0.914) were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha value was acceptable for all items (0.91) and each subscale (above 0.8). Pearson's correlation coefficient displayed a moderate to good relationship between Carmen-Q and NASA task load index.

The Persian version of the Carmen-Q questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating mental workload in Iranian society.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Body Awareness Rating Scale (BARQ) among the Iranian sample.

The present study is a descriptive study in terms of the nature of data and data collection method and a fundamental study in terms of purpose. Among female students of Azad University, North Tehran Branch, 100 people were selected as a statistical sample using available sampling method. The research instruments were body awareness and body awareness questionnaires (BAQ). To analyze the results, correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used.

The results showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the performance component was 0.79; Mood, 0.74; Emotions are 0.80 and awareness is 0.82. The total alpha coefficient was 0.81. In the content validity test, the values related to the mean extracted variance (AVE) were also higher than 0.5, which confirms that the content validity of the body awareness ranking scale is acceptable and appropriate. Finally, the results showed that the reliability, divergent and convergent validity of this scale is desirable and acceptable.

Using the tools made and identifying the body's awareness in individuals, it is possible to support many people through educational measures, counseling and interventions.

The ability to solve social problems is one of the skills and capabilities related to culture in today's world, where group cooperation and presence in a collective context are highly emphasized. The aim of this study was designing and validating a tool tomeasure social problem solving based on the stories of Kalileh and Demeneh.

The research method was a mixed exploratory type based on the integration of the Thematic analysismethod in the first stage (qualitative) and the tool development model in the second stage. In the qualitative section the Kalileh and Demaneh book were evalited. The quantitative part was conducted with the participation of 336 teenage students in the agerange of 12 to 20 years and targeted sampling. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 43 questions. Data was analyzed using MAXQUDA software, LISREL-8.8, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill. Coding reliability was calculated using Kappa method equal to 0.95. The content validity of the scale was confirmed using experts' opinions.

The questionnaire for measuring social problemsolving skills based on the stories of Kalila and Demeneh included the components of emotions and their management, thinking and decision-making, interpersonal communication, consultation, the way of dealing with problems and the attitude towards problem solving. Criterion validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient equal to 0.63, for solving the social problem of D’Zurilla at the level of 0.001. The reliability of the tool was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale and the six dimensions identified as 0.92, 0.75, 0.72, 0.87, 0.72, 0.90 and 0.83 respectively.

The study showed that the social problem solving skill measurement scale based on the stories of Kalila and Demenehhas acceptable reliability and validity.

A suitable organizational climate play a pivotal role in achieving the organization's goals. A valid questionnaire is needed to evaluate the organizational climate. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the validity and reliability of the Persian edition of Halpin and Kraft's Organizational Climate Questionnaire among the employees of emergency medical centers.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz between January and May 2021. Data collection was done by census method and using organizational climate questionnaire by Halpin and Croft. Validity of form, content, and translation of the questionnaire was checked by experts. Validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability were evaluated using factors loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), reciprocal factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability in SMART-PLS 3 software.Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

The validity of the form, content and translation of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts according to the Iranian society. All factor loadings of questionnaire items and AVE index for all constructs were higher than 0.4. AVE index for the whole questionnaire was 0.518. Examining reciprocal factor loadings confirmed divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha index and composite reliability for all questionnaire constructs were higher than 0.7. Likewise, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for the whole questionnaire were 0.966 and 0.968, respectively.

Validity and reliability of this questionnaire according to the Iranian society was confirmed at a high level. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the organizational climate in organizations, especially health care organizations and centers

The psychological contract of safety can be conceptualized as the beliefs of individuals about mutual safety obligations that are inferred from implicit or explicit promises. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the psychological contract of safety questionnaire.

After forward-backward translation of Walker's safety psychological contract questionnaire (2010), face and content validity assessments were conducted, including the content validity ratio and content validity index with participation of 20 occupational health and safety experts. Its reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method involving 30 participants, and construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis with 320 participants from the target population. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) and AMOS software (version 24). A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

In terms of face and content validity, one item related to the safety obligations of the employer was removed due to a low impact score and content validity index. The Cronbach's alpha values for the employer and employee safety obligations questionnaires indicated excellent (<0.90) and good (0.75-0.90) reliability, respectively. Additionally, their intraclass correlation coefficient was considered acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit index for the employee and employer safety obligations questionnaires, which consisted of 15 and 11 items, respectively.

The psychological contract of safety questionnaire, consisting of two indicators, namely employee safety obligations with the dimensions of "communication and reporting behavior" and "adaptive behavior" as well as the employer safety obligations with the dimensions of "employee safety benefits" and "supply of resources" demonstrated acceptale validity and reliability.

 Experiencing any traumatic event in any form such as emotional abuse, physical and physical abuse, sexual abuse in childhood can affect people's well-being. The aim of this study is to determine the validity of the educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalizing approaches in order to achieve its effectiveness on experiential avoidance and the sense of agency of students with childhood trauma.

 This study was carried out with the participation of five specialized PhDs in psychology. A group training package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization was developed by holding 11 sessions and based on references and principles of educational and therapeutic methods based on motivational interviewing and mentalization. Content validity was obtained using a 33-question questionnaire.

 The face validity of the educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization was confirmed. The content validity ratio for all training sessions except the second, fifth and tenth session was higher than 0.99 and approved. Also, the content validity index of all 33 questions is higher than 0.79.

 The educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization has favorable validity in terms of both form and content dimensions.