جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیس پلاتین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

L-arginine is an essential amino acid used for glutathione synthesis and as a precursor to nitric oxide, it can act as a free radical scavenger and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L-Arginine on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in normal kidney cells and human blood lymphocytes.

In this experimental study, normal kidney cells (Vero cell line) and human blood lymphocytes were used. Vero cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of L-Arginine (9.35, 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL) and a damaging dose of cisplatin (1.7 µg/mL). Cell viability and IC50 (inhibitory concentration) were evaluated using the MTT assay. For genotoxicity assessment, 5 mL of venous blood sample was collected from a healthy, non-smoking, non-alcoholic volunteer using a heparin syringe and after isolating lymphocytes, different concentrations of L-Arginine were pre-treated with cisplatin at an optimal genotoxic dose. To evaluate micronucleus formation in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated lymphocytes, the slide was prepared and was evaluated by light microscopy. Oxidative stress tests, including ROS and MDA levels, were conducted. ROS levels were measured using a fluorimeter device and DA-DCFH reagent. To measure the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) produced during the lipid peroxidation process Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used as a reagent. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism.8 software.

Cisplatin exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) after 48 hours incubation, with an IC50 of 1.7 μg/mL. Based on the results of this study, Pre-treatment with L-arginine at concentrations of 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 μg/ml with 1.7 μg/ml cisplatin significantly reduced cytotoxic effects, so that with the increase of L-arginine concentration, increasing the viability of normal lung cells compared to cisplatin alone as a positive control group. On the other hand, micronucleus test results showed that L-arginine significantly inhibited the genotoxicity of cisplatin in human blood lymphocytes. So in the concentration of 18.75 µg/mL, there was a significant difference with the positive control group (P<0.05), and in concentrations 37.5 to 300 µg/ml this significant difference was evident (P<0.001). Also, L-arginine in different concentrations, reduced oxidative stress caused by cisplatin by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Statistically, L-arginine had a significant difference with the positive control group in all concentrations (P<0.001).

The study demonstrated that L-Arginine, as an antioxidant compound, moderated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in normal kidney (Vero) cells and human blood lymphocytes, showing significant protective effects. Therefore, it can be hoped for potential use as a preventive agent.

Melanoma cancer is the most dangerous and deadly skin cancer, for which preventive treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been suggested. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of the simultaneous use of electron beam and cisplatin drug.

Cells in DMEM-F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and streptomycin and penicillin antibiotics in an incubator at 37°C and 5% carbon dioxide in the amount of 2×104 They were cultured to perform the MTT test. The cytotoxic effect of Cisplatin with concentrations of 0.6, 1.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml and electron beam of 1, 2, and 3 Gy was measured separately by MTT test and, then the effect of the combined treatment on cells was measured using all drug concentrations and radiation doses. The statistical tests for drugs, radiation, and their combination were fully performed.

Based on statistical tests, increasing the concentration of the drug alone or in combination with an electron beam increased the level of toxicity, and this significant increase was reported. Also, increasing the dose of the drug separately and in combination with the drug significantly increased the toxicity gave.

The combination of two treatment methods can prevent the use of high concentrations of drugs or high doses of electron beams and significantly reduce the application limitations and side effects of drugs and radiation.

Infertility is one of the medical problems in the world today. Clomiphene citrate drug is used to treat infertility. One of the side effects of this drug is the formation of tumor tissue in the ovary. Quercetin is a flavonoid found abundantly in nature. Quercetin is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains. Quercetin has the potential to be used in the treatment of cancer. The most well-known and common tumor suppressor gene in humans is the p53 gene. The p53 gene was discovered in 1979 and recognized as a tumor suppressor gene in 1989. This gene was recognized as the guardian of the genome in 1992 due to its role in maintaining the stability of the genome. The p53 gene is the most commonly mutated in human cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin on normal ovary cell viability induced by clomiphene citrate drug and its correlation with p53 gene expression.

In this research, Normal ovarian cells of the CHO cell line were used. Concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/ml quercetin 50 μM clomiphene citrate drug and 0.29 μg/ml cisplatin were prepared and added to the cultured cells for 24 hours. In this study, Clomiphene Citrate and Cisplatin are both positive controls. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. RNA was extracted and p53 gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. In this study, the primer used for the p53 gene was designed using NCBI and primer3 sites. In this study, the internal control gene is GAPDH.

Results showed that the concentrations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/ml of quercetin reduced the toxicity of clomiphene citrate drug and cisplatin (both positive controls). So the higher quercetin concentration leads to a higher number of living cells and at 1000 mg/ml quercetin the number of living cells reached 83%. The results of Real-time PCR showed that Quercetin significantly increased the expression of the p53 gene compared to the positive control group (clomiphene citrate) and negative control (P<0.05). In the concentrations of 500 (P=0.0020) and 1000 (P<0.0001) quercetin compared to clomiphene citrate, this expression increase was more significant. Also, in the concentrations of 500 (P<0.0001) and 1000 (P<0.0001) quercetin compared to the negative control, a substantial increase in p53 gene expression was observed.

The findings of this study showed that the use of quercetin inhibits the cytotoxicity of clomiphene citrate and increases the expression of the p53 gene, and its effectiveness is dose-dependent. However, Our study may partially explain the role of quercetin in the tumorigenesis process in the development of cancer in normal ovarian cells.

Cancer is considered as one of the main causes of death and a major health challenge in the world. Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the challenges in this field. Some recent findings have shown that anti-diabetic drugs, especially metformin, when combined with anticancer drugs, produce positive effects in cancer treatment. In the present study, the activity and possible mechanism of the effect of metformin in increasing the sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/CP to cisplatin were investigated.

In this experimental study, ovarian cancer cells resistant to cisplatin (A2780/CP) were selected. The effect of metformin on cisplatin cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT method. The mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistant-associated protein 2 (MRP-2) after metformin treatment were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of metformin on cisplatin-induced apoptosis was investigated using the Annexin V/FITC method. All data were analysed using GraphPad Prism 6.01, and p value < 0.05 were considered as significant.

Metformin increased the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP ovarian cancer cells, but had no effect on the cytotoxicity of sensitive A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Metformin had no effect on MRP-2 gene expression. In addition, metformin increased the apoptotic effects of cisplatin in A2780/CP cells.

The results of the present study showed that metformin increases the sensitivity of A2780/CP cells to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Therefore, metformin may be an effective and potent compound for combination therapy in ovarian cancer cells to overcome multidrug resistance to chemotherapy agents.

Oak placenta(Jaft) extract has potent antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer activity, and other therapeutic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Jaft extract and its combination with Cisplatin on gastric cancer adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS).

In the present experimental study conducted at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2022, the AGS cell line was cultured in 1640-RPMI medium and treated with Jaft extract and cisplatin. Cell viability and combination index(CI) were measured using the MTT assay and Compucyn software(respectively). Moreover, the expression of the CDK2 gene as an important gene involved in the cell cycle was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 6 software and one-way ANOVA.

The findings of the present study indicated that Jaft extract and cisplatin cause decreased cell viability of AGS (p< 0.0001). The analysis of compusyn data indicated that these two substances together have synergistic properties (CI<1), in addition to simultaneous usage of Jaft extract increases the cytotoxicity of cisplatin drug. In the simultaneous treatment, it was observed that the expression of CDK2 decreased and led to an increase in the anticancer effect of cisplatin (p<0.001).

The present study revealed that placenta extract had anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. According to the synergistic effects of these two drugs, Jaft can change the gene expression of CDK2 in the cell cycle and introduce a possible approach for the treatment of gastric cancer with more potency and less dose of administered cisplatin to induce toxicity. The results of the present study indicated that Jaft extract is a proper selection to sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin.

Background and

Cisplatin is one of the widely used chemotherapeutics, that directly affects the ovaries and uterus leading to infertility. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inositol and vitamin C on cisplatin-induced damage to ovarian follicles and uterine histopathology.

Fifty-six adult Wistar female rats were divided into eight equal groups (N=7) including negative control (oral normal saline/intraperitoneal normal saline), positive control (normal saline/cisplatin), T1 (vitamin C/cisplatin), T2 (inositol/cisplatin), T3 (vitamin C and inositol/cisplatin), T4 (vitamin C/normal saline), T5 (inositol/normal saline), and T6 (vitamin C and inositol/normal saline). The vitamin C and inositol were administered orally for 21 days. Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally on the 15th day (7 mg/kg). On the day 22, the animals were euthanized, the uterus and ovaries removed, then the number of ovarian follicles and the uterine histopathology were examined.

After cisplatin treatment, the number of healthy ovarian follicles (primordial and antral) significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to the negative control group. However, all of the atretic follicles increased compared to the negative control (P<0.05). Treatment with vitamin C and inositol increased the number of healthy follicles, effectively reduced the number of atretic follicles, and improved the damage induced by cisplatin in the uterine tissue.

Treatment with vitamin C and inositol has a protective effect on the ovaries and uterus against the toxicity caused by cisplatin.

Cancer is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in developed and under-developed countries. Different strategies are under evaluation for cancer therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, the treatment can be affected because of the lack of the desired effect and severe side effects. For these reasons, discovering an improved cancer therapy strategy has been one of the most important research efforts worldwide. Cisplatin is considered one of the most effective used chemotherapy agents in the treatment of a variety of tumors. However, its use is limited because of its toxicity to normal cells. In addition, non-specificity and high dosage of drugs are the other important reasons which practically limit their application. Drug delivery systems can overcome these challenges by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the adverse effects of anticancer agents. The application of nanoparticles as drug carriers has been widely studied for more than a decade (3). Magnetic nanoparticles are popular candidates in therapeutic systems and diagnostic applications that approved for clinical use by the Food and Medicine Administration (FDA) (5). In this study, we prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles Fe3O4 (SPIONs) that were modified through triblock poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (e-caprolactone)-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticles. These modified nanoparticles have been utilized for Cisplatin delivery on the lymphoma cell line (U937).

Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method in the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (9). In order to synthesize the polymer, ε-caprolactone and polyethylene glycol were polymerized by a ring-opening polymerization method. Triblock copolymer PCL-PEG-PCL was prepared through the ring-opening polymerization method (10). Magnetic iron nanoparticles were also prepared and confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD). Superparamagnetic nanoparticles modified with PCL-PEG-PCL copolymers loaded with cisplatin were developed using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method (11). The encapsulation efficiency of cisplatin loaded in nanoparticles was evaluated through UV spectroscopy at 280 nm (12). Synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of particle size and morphology by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. In addition, the chemical structure of PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer and superparamagnetic nanoparticles modified with PCL-PEG-PCL copolymers loaded with cisplatin was confirmed using FTIR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Finally, the effect of synthesized nanoparticles on the lymphoma cell line (U937) was investigated using MTT assay (13).

Magnetic iron nanoparticles were confirmed using FTIR and XRD. The size and shape of the nanoparticles were evaluated using DLS and SEM. The results show that the particle size was around 100-130 nm and the synthesized nanoparticles had uniform dispersion without aggregation. High entrapment of cisplatin was achieved using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method (98/07%). The hysteresis curves of iron magnetic nanoparticles and cisplatin-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles PCL-PEG-PCL exhibited that in the presence of a magnetic field with an intensity up to 8000 Gauss, these particles have shown the magnetic properties (about 70 emu/g). When the magnetic field was removed, these nanoparticles lost their magnetic properties (0 emu/g). So, in the presence of a magnetic field, a magnetic orientation was demonstrated. The results of the cell viability assay using MTT dye showed that IC50 of free Cisplatin and Cisplatin-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles PCL-PEG-PCL on the U937 cancerous cell line is 119.70 ± 4.46 µg/ml, 17.35 ± 1.48 µg/ml, 13.58 ± 1.59 µg/ml and 29.67 ± 1.99 µg/ml, 11.24 ± 0.82µg/ml, 7.10 ± 1.37µg/ml respectively for 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation time.  The anti-proliferative effect of cisplatin encapsulated in magnetic nanoparticles was more significantly cytotoxic on the cancerous target cells than free cisplatin.

Over the last decade, scientists have tried to develop new strategies for enhancing the therapeutic index while reducing side effects. In this regard, nanotechnology is considered one of the most effective strategies to which a huge share of research in this area is dedicated (3). Among all the nanoparticles SPIONs have attracted significant attention in cancer therapy because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of chemical modification (5). The results of the study demonstrated that superparamagnetic nanoparticles modified with PCL-PEG copolymers efficiently delivered cisplatin into the U937 cells and demonstrated potent in-vitro anticancer activity which had a significant cytotoxic effect against lymphoma cell line (U937). Therefore, this delivery system can potentially be applied for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs and holds a great promise as an effective strategy for cancer treatment.

The destructive effects of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin are well known. In recent years, it has been found that medicinal plants have a fundamental role in protecting the damage caused by drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vaccinium arctostaphylus plant one of the prevalent materials in traditional medicine in improving the disorders caused by cisplatin in testicular tissue.

In this research, forty rats were divided into 5 groups (G) (n=8) based on administration cisplatin and extract of vaccinium arctostaphylus. In G1 physiological serum was injected and in G2 only cisplatin was administrated. In G3, G4, and G5 Arctostaphylus vaccinium extract with a concentration of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg along with a single dose of cisplatin were administrated. After 24 hours, the rats were sacrificed, and then testis was isolated and subjected to histopathological evaluation with t-test and one-way ANOVA test on Prism-GraphPad 9.

Our results showed that in the G2 group, the number of spermatogonial cells was reduced compare with G1 (P=0.01); As well as the thickness of the germinal epithelium and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules were reduced partially. In G3 and G4 groups in comparison with G2, the germinal epithelium was improved (P=0.02). The preservation of spermatogonial cells in G3 significantly increased compare with G2 (P=0.01).  

According to the results, Arctostaphyllus vaccine as a native plant in defined dosages has a significant effect on improving cisplatin-induced disorders in the germinal epithelium and the number of spermatogonial cells preservation.

Considering the antioxidant properties of physical activity, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in rats treated with cisplatin.

In this experimental study, 24 male laboratory rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, control cisplatin, cisplatin + MICT, and cisplatin + HIIT). In cisplatin groups, 5.5mg/kg cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally. The training programs continued for 10 weeks. Twenty four hours after last training session, blood serum of rats was collected to examine the study variables. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

In this study, cisplatin caused significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) (P=0.019), significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P=0.014), and significant decrease in catalase (CAT) (P=0.001) in the control group compared to the cisplatin control group. MDA showed significant reduction in cisplatin+ MICT group (P=0.001) and cisplatin + HIIT group (P=0.001) compared to the cisplatin control group. Findings showed no significant difference in TAC between cisplatin + HIIT group and healthy controls (P=0.66). CAT in cisplatin + MICT group (P=0.12) and in cisplatin + HIIT group (P=0.177) was not found to be significantly different with that of the control group.

It seems that exercise at different intensities can be effective in reducing oxidative stress caused by cisplatin in rats.

Cisplatin (CIS) is among the chemotherapeutic agent. However, its use is limited due to side effects, such as impairment in the spermatogenesis process. On the other hand, Boswellia Thurifera has protective effects on the reproductive system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Boswellia Thurifera aqueous extract against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm parameters in mice.

In this experimental study, 32 male mice were divided into four groups (n=8). The first group (the control group) was given isotonic saline for 35 consecutive days. Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract was orally administered to the second group at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 35 consecutive days without CIS. The mice in the third group were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of CIS (5.5 mg/kg). Finally, the last group received CIS and Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract together at the same doses. On the next day, after the last injection, body and testis weight, as well as sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology were evaluated.

CIS alone led to a significant reduction in sperm motility, viability, and morphology, compared to the control group (P<0.001). However, CIS+Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract and Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract alone increased the sperm count, motility, and viability; moreover, they decreased the abnormal sperms, compared to the CIS group (P<0.001).

The results of the current study demonstrated that CIS decreased sperm quality, and the coadministration of Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract reduced CIS-induced cytotoxicity and improved the sperm quality. In conclusion, the Boswellia thurifera aqueous extract is useful for the reduction of limitationthe toxic effects of CIS and improvement of the parameters of sperm quality.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Berberine as a herbal alkaloid has antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-tumor properties. Cisplatin is a potent inducer of apoptosis in most types of cancer cells. In the present study, investigated the ability of berberine alone and in combination with cisplatin to induce apoptosis in the Calu-6 cell line (human lung cancer cell line).

In this experimental study, MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of combination of berberine with cisplatin on Calu-6 cell proliferation; DAPI staining and annexin V-FITC assay were also used to evaluate apoptosis in treated cells; changes in the level of transcripts of BAX, Caspase 3,9, p53 genes were examined by real-time PCR. Quantitative data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a significant level of P<0.05.

The MTT assay results showed that the combination of berberine with cisplatin inhibits the proliferation of Calu-6 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Morphological observations obtained from DAPI staining method and annexin V-FITC assay showed an increase in apoptotic cells in the treatment groups. The real-time PCR results showed an increase in the expression of transcripts of BAX, Caspase 3,9, p53 genes in the treatment groups.

The results of this research showed that the concomitant use of berberine with cisplatin inhibits the proliferation of Calu-6 cells and induces apoptosis in these cells.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of death among women worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drugs that increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs and the possibility of using them in lower doses, which leads to a reduction in side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the expression of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in order to increase cisplatin sensitivity in cultured OVCAR3 cells.

In this study, OVCAR3 cells with different concentrations of melatonin (0.001, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5,10 μM) and different concentrations of cisplatin (0.001, 0.937, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15 μM) were cultivated at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Real-time PCR test was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression level of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in control, melatonin, cisplatin, and a combination of melatonin and cisplatin groups.

The results of this study showed that melatonin inhibits the proliferation of cultured OVCAR3 cells based on a dose and time-dependent mechanism. The results of analysis showed that there is a significant increase in the gene expression level of caspase 3 regarding melatonin and melatonin-cisplatin groups. Also, the expression of Survivin apoptosis inhibitor gene in melatonin-cisplatin combination group decreased (borderline difference). There were no significant changes in tested groups regarding relative gene expression of Xiap and Akt.

The findings of this study show that OVCAR3 cells became more sensitive to cisplatin in the presence of melatonin. It can be used to manage patients with ovarian cancer.

Cisplatin (CP) is recognized as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against numerous malignancies. Though, it results in some impacts including renal and liver injuries. Palmatine is an alkaloid obtained from several traditional medicinal plants. The aim of the current work is evaluating the impacts of palmatine on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by CP in rats.

The animals (n=52) were classified in 4 groups: 1) control group; 2) CP group (6 mg/kg); 3 and 4) CP + palmatine groups (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Urine, kidney, blood, and liver samples were collected for assessment.

CP caused an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), Na and K fractional excretion, and plasma creatinine and BUN and a reduction in the creatinine clearance and urine flow rate, in comparison with the control group. An increase was occurred in liver and renal tissue malondialdehyde while reduction happened in glutathione level in the CP group, which shows oxidative stress in these tissues. The TUNEL assay indicated inducing the apoptosis in the kidney and liver in the CP group. Palmatine treatment resulted in a decrease in plasma AST, ALT, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate, and renal and hepatic malondialdehyde along with an increase in renal and hepatic glutathione, fractional excretion of K and Na, and plasma BUN and creatinine in contrast to the CP group. Apoptosis in hepatic and renal tissues in CP + palmatine group was decreased.

Our findings showed that renal and liver injuries were decreased by palmatine through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress

The use of ultrasound waves in combination with chemotherapy drugs increases the effectiveness of the drug in low doses. Moreover, in the treatment process, cells that have not been directly treated undergo a variety of changes such as death; this phenomenon is known as the bystander effect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined treatment of ultrasound waves and cisplatin on the bystander cells in melanoma cells.

Melanoma A375 cells were first cultured in the laboratory. After culturing the cells, two target and bystander cell groups were considered for the experiments. After determining the optimal concentration of cisplatin for melanoma A375 cells by MTT test, the target group cells were treated with the optimal concentration of cisplatin and ultrasound with intensities of 0.5, 1, and 2 w/cm2 . After 24 hours, the culture medium of the target cells was collected and added to the bystander cells using the medium transfer technique. At 24 hours, MTT assay was used to measure cell viability.

The survival percentage of melanoma cells in the bystander group, which received the culture medium of the treated cells by combination of cisplatin and ultrasound waves with an intensity of 2 W/cm2 , had a significant decrease compared to the control group.

In combination therapies with ultrasound waves and chemotherapy drugs, the role of the bystander effect on the efficiency of treatment and cell survival should also be considered.

Cisplatin is an anticancer drug that is used to treat different cancers, but has several side effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neuropathy. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of usnic acid on Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

In this study, 30 male rats were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups: control group, Cisplatin with 10 mg/kg group and cisplatin with 10 mg/kg + usnic acid with 100mg/kg for 7 days. On the eighth day, all mice were anesthetized and blood samples were taken directly from the heart and kidney tissue was collected for oxidative stress testing.

Cisplatin increased plasma BUN and creatinine compared with the control group. Also, in the cisplatin group, malondialdehyde (MDA) of kidney was increased and the glutathione (GSH) was decreased. Treatment with usnic acid, caused a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine and MDA and a significant increase in GSH compared with the cisplatin group.

Given the improvement in renal functional indicator and the reduction of oxidative stress in the usnic acid group, using of usnic acid has a protective effect against renal damage partly due to oxidative stress caused by Cisplatin.

The combined therapy of cancer is more effective than using a single medication for the treatment of cancer. This study aimed at investigating the anticancer effects of cisplatin and cisplatin in combination with Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the PC-3 prostate cancer cells.

The PC-3 cells were cultured in a RPMI1640 medium. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay during 24, 48, and 72 h, and IC50 was determined. The RNA was extracted, and then the cDNA was synthesized. The expression level of BCL2L12 gene was compared to that of the TBP reference gene using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction method.

Cisplatin and cisplatin with TiO2 nanoparticles exerted a dose and time dependent inhibitory effect on the viability of PC-3 cells. The expressions of the BCL2L12 gene in cisplatin-treated PC-3 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h were 3.58, 0.08, and 0.17, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding values in cisplatin-treated cells with TiO2 nanoparticles (10μg/ml) were 0.09, 0.05, and 0.02 at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and in cisplatin-treated cells with TiO2 nanoparticles (25μg/ml) were 0.54, 0.04, and 0.07 at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively (P<0.05).

This study revealed that simultaneous treatment with cisplatin and TiO2 nanoparticles (10μg/ml) at low concentration (6.2 and 12.5) can cause more cell death than cisplatin treatment alone. This may be due to the facilitation of cisplatin entry into the cell in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles.

Cisplatin is used in chemotherapy for cancer patients. But, it has adverse effects on some organs, including the kidney and liver. P-coumaric acid is a polyphenolic substance with multiple biological properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid on renal and hepatic side effects of cisplatin.

This experimental study was performed in 21 male rats that were randomly divided into three groups. In the sham group, 20% ethanol was gavaged for 7 days. The experimental group I received 20% ethanol for 7 days + a single dose of cisplatin )8 mg/kg( at day 5. The experimental group II received cisplatin (8 mg/kg at day 5) + p-coumaric acid (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. The functional disturbances of kidney and liver were assessed by measuring the blood levels of creatinine, urea-nitrogen, AST, ALT, and ALP. Also, measuring MDA and FRAP levels in kidney and liver tissues were used to assess oxidative stress. The tissue damages were also assessed by studying H&E stained slides.

Cisplatin administration increased the concentrations of creatinine, urea-nitrogen, AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, tissue damages, and decreased FRAP. Application of p-coumaric acid led to complete or relative improvements in functional parameters of kidney and liver, and reduced tissue damages and MDA level. The FRAP level was found to increase by the p-coumaric acid.

P-coumaric acid demonstrated a protective effect against the side effects of cisplatin in the kidneys and liver.

Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common and undesirable side effects of cisplatin and due to the effects of ginger in the treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of ginger capsule on treatment of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cisplatin undergoing mastectomy.

This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 cancer patients in the chemotherapy clinic of Tabriz Shahid Madani Hospital in 2018-2019. The intervention group received ginger tablet 500 mg twice daily from 10th days after chemotherapy and one week before mastectomy. The control group received placebo tablet. Rhodes nausea and vomiting assessment tool was used before the intervention and the day after mastectomy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Shapiro-Wilk and t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The intra-group comparison showed the control group had no significant difference in terms of nausea severity after the intervention (p=0.119), whereas a significant difference was observed in the intervention group after the intervention (p=0.001). There was no significant change in vomiting severity in the control group (p=0.229), while this score was significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0.004).

Ginger capsule is effective in treatment nausea and vomiting in women who have used cisplatin and are going to undergo mastectomy.

Lung cancer is one of the most contagious cancers in all of the world. Recently, several potential oncogenes and carcinogens have been identified, including EGFR, BRAF, KRAS and ALK genes. With due attention to the high prevalence of lung cancer, its death rate, the complications of chemotherapy and the efforts to find effective and less effective drugs, this study was done to investigate the effect of a plant extract so that results are available to manufacturing centers. In this study, the effect of Eucalyptus extract and cisplatin on the expression of KRAS gene in A549 lung cancer cell line was investigated. To determine the cell survival, MTT was used and IC50 was determined. After determining IC50, the cells were exposed to less than IC50 concentrations of the extract and drug for 48 hours. Then, the amount of β-ACTIN and KRAS genes expressions in control and extract treated and drug treated groups were determined. For this purpose, a specific primers were designed for β- ACTIN and KRAS, and Real-Time PCR was be done. This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.East Tehran.REC.1396.3 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Tehran- East Branch, Iran. The results showed that the amount of IC50 of the extract and drug was 8.75 and 1.77 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes in control and treated cells with extract and drug was compared. The expression of the KRAS gene relative to the reference gene in the cancer cell line treated with extract and drug, for 48 hours, was significantly decreased 2.89 and 9.25, respectively (p = 0). Regarding the reduction of the relative gene expression in the A549 treated group, future studies on targeted lung cancer treatment can be promising and the potential for the use of plant compounds is more evident.

Cisplatin (CP) is an anticancer drug that cause hematological changes. Zataria Multiflora Boiss (ZM) has antioxidant property. The preset study was done to determine the protective effect of ZM against hematological changes induced by Cisplatin in mice. Thirty two adult male mice (25-30 g) were divided into 4 groups: the control group received normal saline for 7 days; ZM group received ZM (200 mg/kg) for 7 days by gavage; CP group received Intraperitoneal CP (10 mg/kg) injection at day 5; ZM + CP group received ZM for 7 days and CP was injected at day 5. Then, blood samples were taken for hematological assessment at day 8 of the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS applying ANOVA and Tukey test. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC significantly decreased and white blood cells increased in the group that received CP compared with those of the control group. ZM improved these changes (P<0.05). ZM improved hematological changes induced by Cisplatin in mice.