جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شاخص کیفیت آب" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Lack of adequate access to clean water has long been a challenge in the arid areas of Iran. The increased industrial activities accompanied with the consequences of climate change and drought have raised this concern throughout the country. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations in water quality is the first step towards sustainable management of both the quantity and quality of drinking water.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, the quality of drinking water in the villages around Yazd city was investigated during 2014 to 2020. In addition to assessing the spatiotemporal trends, the drinking water quality index (DWQI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were determined. Compliance with ethical considerations was maintained throughout all stages of the study implementation.

 Based on the results of the temporal trend analysis, turbidity, total dissolved solids, sulfate, and several heavy metals, including mercury, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, and manganese, had been increased during the study period. The highest and lowest DWQI indices were recorded in the villages of Shehneh (92.34), and Akramabad (67.48), respectively. Likewise, the villages of Khavidak, Akramabad, and Askarieh exhibited poor water quality in terms of HPI and HEI.

 Examining the spatiotemporal changes in drinking water quality revealed that the main source of groundwater pollution in the villages was industrial activities, as the villages near industrial centers had poorer water quality. This finding highlights the necessity for sustainable management of drinking water quality based on a water safety plan in this region.

Surface water pollution has been recognized as a severe threat to human health and the environment in recent decades, underscoring the importance of investigating water quality conditions.

This study aims to assess the water quality of the Tajan River employing the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and the Iranian Surface Water Quality Index (IRWQI-SC). Twelve water quality parameters, including pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity (NTU), Nitrate, Phosphate, Ammonia, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Water Temperature, and Total Coliforms, were measured at three stations across four distinct seasons.

According to the IRWQI-SC index, the poorest water quality was observed at the downstream station during the winter season, registering a value of 38, while the highest index value occurred at the upstream station during the spring season, reaching 84.6. Additionally, based on the NSFWQI index, the upstream station during the spring season displayed the most favorable water quality with an index value of 80.7, whereas the lowest water quality condition was noted at the downstream station in the winter season, with a value of 46.9. Both water quality indices categorized the upstream station as exhibiting good water quality suitable for various purposes. Nevertheless, water quality degradation was evident along the river course owing to the influx of agricultural and sewage effluents, with more pronounced alterations observed during winter.

The water quality of the Tajan River has undergone significant changes due to the influx of agricultural effluents and sewage, posing a threat to human health and environmental well-being. Addressing this issue necessitates effective wastewater management and the preservation of the Tajan River as a vital freshwater resource. 

Balkhli River, which flows into Yamchi Dam, is the main supplier of drinking water in Ardabil City. This research aims to investigate the effect of the Ghaynarjeh Spring on Balkhli River based on surface waters quality indices.

First, monthly monitoring and analysis of Ghaynarjeh spa spring (station 1), river before acceptance and after acceptance of spring water (stations 2 and 3) was done for one year. Despite the low discharge of the spring compared to the river, The concentration of some cations and anions in the river increased greatly. In this article, by determining IRWQISC as the surface water quality index of Iran and NSFWQI as an international index, the water quality for three stations was determined.

The results showed that the quality of the river water after entering the spring water was degraded; In other words, the IRWQISC index of the quality of the river's water quality decreased from relatively good to average. Due to the presence of about 2,000 ppb of arsenic, about 7,000 ppb of iron and about 2,500 ppb of manganese in Ghaynarjeh Spring of Nir City, Therefore, the IRWQIST index was also considered in this research. As a result of entering the spring into the river, the river's toxicity index dropped two levels from a relatively good condition to a relatively bad one.

Considering the high impact of ghaynarjeh spring on the quality of Balkhli Chai River from the perspective of IRWQISC and especially IRWQIST indicators and considering the importance of Balkhli Chai River in supplying drinking water in Ardabil city, the necessity of purifying the spring water before entering the Balkhli Chai River is quite evident.

Increasing the productivity of surface water, the unsustainable development of agriculture in the boundaries of rivers, and human sewage have reduced the quality of these water resources. Therefore, investigating the amount of pollution and its sources is very necessary for regional planning. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Golin River using WQI and Liou indexes.

 Sampling of Golin river water was performed to check water quality based on (WQI) and (Liou) indices in Najjar village station for one year from April 2019 to March 2020.

 Water quality, according to the Liou index, during the research period in the sampling station in September and March, was in a good category and other months were slightly polluted. According to the results of the WQI index, water quality in September and March were in the excellent descriptive category, with values of 47.82 and 49.74, respectively, but in other months it was in a good category. In September and March, water quality improved compared to other months because of lower BOD5 due to reduced agricultural activities, and both indicators showed these quality changes well.

Due to the lack of stable conditions in water quality affected by seasonal changes and its departure from the category of high-quality water according to the results of the WQI index and also a little water pollution according to the Liou index, the direct use of Golin River water for drinking purposes is recommended and for this purpose, regular purification should be done and accurate and continuous evaluations of water quality in Golin River are necessary.

 Groundwater is the primary water source for drinking and agricultural activities in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall, land use, geological structure, aquifer mineralogy, and duration of water contact with the environment in the basement are the main factors affecting the chemical quality of groundwater. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of groundwater by considering the water quality index (WQI) and its quality assessment for drinking water.

 In this study, 71 wells of Kashan were sampled in summer 2020 with three samplings from each well, and physical and chemical parameters were studied, water quality index was determined using mathematical methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient was determined. Correlation analysis was used. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software, Excel 2013, and statistical tests. 

 The calculated WQI of 71 wells in Kashan shows that 67% of the wells were of excellent quality, and 33% were of good quality in terms of water quality parameters. In total, out of 71 samples, the numerical index of water quality was 44.94, and the water was of excellent quality.

 The results show that ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine are directly related to the counting in an area and increase the concentrations of EC and TDS, and can impair the balance of anionic and cationic aqueous solution. It was also found that more than half of the wells have excellent quality due to using water wells for drinking.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and microbial quality of bottled water in Iran and to calculate the water quality index (WQI).

Different brands of bottled water (4 samples from 71 brands) were randomly collected from the market. Chemical and microbial characteristics of the samples were examined and determined. Finally, the calculations related to the WQI index were performed and the water samples were classified as excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable.

None of the samples exhibited concentration of heavy metals beyond Iranian water standards, and the concentration of sulfate (SO4), chloride (Cl) and fluoride (F) did not exceed international standards. However, in some samples, nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) concentrations were higher than recommended standards. With Regard to other water quality parameters, 8% to 89% of the samples exhibited concentration higher than the values provided on the water bottle label. 5 species of different bacteria were found in 15 water samples. According to the WQI index, about 63% of the samples were of excellent quality. Also, the water quality of 34% and 3% of the samples fell in good and poor quality categories, respectively. None of the bottled water samples was of very poor quality.

The quality of bottled water investigated in this study was generally suitable, but due to the wide range of bottled water in Iran based on brand and seasons, continuous evaluation of water treatment methods in companies and careful monitoring of chemical and microbial quality of bottled water in all seasons is recommended.

Surface and groundwater are important vital resources around the world. This study examines the quality of surface and groundwater resources in the catchment area of Latian Dam during the years 1396 to 1398 using GIS tools and water quality indices.
materials and ways  In order to evaluate the quality of water resources, samples were taken from 10 selected stations in two rainy and low rainfall seasons during three years and the physical, chemical and microbial parameters of the samples were evaluated. Then, using water quality indicators and hydrogeochemical characteristics, the quality of water resources was determined and the zoning map of the indicators was prepared using ArcGIS software. The resulting hydrogeochemical data were also interpreted using Piper, Schuler, Wilcox graphical diagrams and statistical analysis.

The results show that on average, during the rainy seasons, the whole region had good quality (30.644). For surface water stations, 3 stations in high rainfall season were of excellent quality (44.243), 2 stations in low rainy season were of excellent quality (40.145) and other stations were of good quality (69.92). According to the piper diagram, the samples are in two states Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3 and the results of the study of cation and anion combination are mainly Ca-Mg-HCO3. Correlation coefficient between the main variables, there was a significant relationship between IRWQIGC groundwater and its GWQI (r = 0.87) and between IRWQISC surface water and its WQI (r = 0.68) but there is no significant relationship between groundwater and surface water quality. The average groundwater quality during the study period was good (29.143).

Irrigation water quality is a critical aspect of agricultural production especially in terms of human health and the environmental aspects. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of surface runoff and groundwater pollution used in the production of agricultural products in the south of Tehran.

Sampling points included 14 points of surface water collection and disposal network and irrigation canals of agricultural lands and 7 points of underground wells in the 19th district of Tehran. The quality of the collected samples was analyzed for BOD, COD, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, ammonium, phosphate, turbidity, total hardness, pH and SAR using WQI software.

The results of Water Quality Index (WQI) showed that the level of surface water pollution in 14 sampling points was moderate to very bad. 57% of surface water points were highly polluted, 36% were relatively bad and 7% were moderate in terms of pollution index.

Agricultural products of areas 3, 4 and 5, if consumed, can endanger the health of consumers. Because the samples collected from these areas had the highest level of contamination. Therefore, in order to manage the challenges and future crises in these areas, within the framework of the environmental assessment program, management solutions are proposed in four groups: planning, implementation and monitoring, monitoring and review.

Background and Objectives In recent years, excessive use of groundwater resources and the discharge of urban and industrial wastewater in the environment has contaminated and reduced the quality of groundwater resources. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of drinking water resources in Rafsanjan city using water quality index (WQI) in 2018.

This descriptive study was carried out on 7 drinking water wells in Rafsanjan city in 2018. One year data (2017 year) about 11 parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chlorine (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-), nitrate (NO3-), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) was obtained from water and wastewater company of Rafsanjan. Then the WQI model was used for evaluation and calculation of water quality.

The results showed that the mean concentration of all parameters of the water resources in Rafsanjan was within the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The assessment of the water quality of Rafsanjan based on the WQI model showed that the water quality of 14.28% of the resources was in the excellent and very good range and 85.72% in the good range. The mean and standard deviation score of water resources quality according to the WQI model was 55.78±4.71, which is in a good quality range.

Considering the quality of drinking water resources in Rafsanjan, in order to prevent the reduction of this quality, the implementation of proper management and preventing unnecessary use of water resources should be considered.