جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عضلات شکم" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Various local and comprehensive exercises are recommended to strengthen abdominal muscles that play an important role in core stability. Few studies have compared the effectiveness of these exercises in populations yet. Thus, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of local, comprehensive and combined exercises on the weakness of abdominal muscles of schoolgirls.

For this purpose, 60 non-athlete 15-17 years old schoolgirls selected by purposive sampling then randomly divided into four groups including: local, comprehensive, combined and control. Experimental groups performed training programs for 12 weeks. Sit-up and Double Straight Leg Lowering (DSLL) tests were used to evaluate abdominal muscles endurance and strength, respectively.

Results showed that the abdominal muscles weakness significantly improved after exercise programs, so that the pre and post-test mean difference of abdominal muscles’ endurance and strength in local, comprehensive and combined exercises were significant (p < 0.05). MANCOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that comprehensive and combined exercises improved endurance and strength of the abdominal muscles better than that of local exercises (p < 0.05).

The comprehensive and combined exercise protocols showed better results in endurance and strength tests in terms of abdominal muscles strengthening. The results of this study support better effectiveness of comprehensive and combined exercises in optimizing performance. It seems that the better effectiveness of the combined exercises is due to the comprehensive exercises involved in. Therefore, it is recommended to therapists and coaches to perform comprehensive exercises more than the others for improving abdominal muscles’ endurance and strength.

Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive method for observing changes in muscle thickness of the abdominal muscles. Accurate measurements depend on the control of all potential sources of error. In this study we investigated whether the level of stomach fullness might be a source of error not only in the resting thickness but also in contractile thickness (abdominal hallowing maneuver) abdominal muscles.
Thirty healthy male subjects ranging in age from 18 to 26 years volunteered for this study. Ultrasound image of the four abdominal muscles on both sides were obtained at rest (at the end of exhalation) and during abdominal hallowing maneuver before and after food consumption. Abdominal muscle thickness was assessed using a 3.5 MHZ linear head transducer in B-mode condition.
The mean thickness for right and left rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles at rest before food consumption were 10.8-10.7, 6.2-6.1, 8.6-8.3, 4.1-4.1 mm, respectively and after food consumption were 10.3-10.3, 5.6-5.5, 7.3-7.3, 3.4-3.6 mm, respectively. The mean thickness for right and left rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles during Abdominal Hollowing Maneuver before food consumption were 11-10.8, 6.1-6.3, 10-10. 5.3-5.5 mm, respectively and after food consumption were 10.5-10.6, 5.7-5.7, 8.8-8.7, 4.4-4.5 mm, respectively.
After food consumption the thicknesses of all abdominal muscles in both sides are decreased, and therefore, food consumption must be considered when measuring abdominal muscle thickness using sonography

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder and a relatively common complaint. Muscles, as the most important stabilizers of the spine, are impaired in patients with LBP. The aim of this study is to compare the symmetry of abdominal muscle size in the dominant and non-dominant sides as well as the painful and painless sides between healthy adolescents and adolescents with LBP.
This case-control study was conducted on 80 healthy adolescents and 80 adolescents with chronic nonspecific LBP, aged 15 to 18 years. Samples were chosen using convenience sampling method while being matched in terms of height, weight and body mass index. First, the demographic data were collected; then, their abdominal muscle size (transverse abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique) and intra-abdominal fat were measured by sonography.
FINDINGS: The difference in mean value and possibility value for transverse abdominus (p=0.024 and 0.189), internal oblique (p=0.000 and 0.861), external oblique (p=0.031 and 0.287) and intra-abdominal fat (p=0.762 and 0.081) was significant between the two groups in term of abdominal muscle size while the difference in intra-abdominal fat size was not statistically significant. Results also revealed a statistically significant difference in abdominal muscle size (except for external oblique and intra-abdominal fat) between the dominant and non-dominant sides (p The results of the present study demonstrated that abdominal muscle size in dominant and painful side is smaller than non-dominant and painless side.

Patients with low back pain usually suffer from reduction in the thickness of their transverse abdominis muscle. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of abdominal hollowing and bracing practices on the transverse abdominis muscle thickness in the population of the young women with non-specific low back pain. This study was a randomized-controlled clinical trial conducted in two groups of 60 women altogether (control and experimental) with recurrent non-specific low back pain. Subjects in the experimental group were randomly assigned to either perform abdominal hollowing or abdominal bracing. Exercises were performed 3 times a day, with 10 repeats for 6 weeks. Transverse abdominis muscle thickness was measured on both right and left sides, using ultrasonography, before and after six weeks of practice. Percent of ratio of changes in the transverse abdominis muscle thickness during contraction was also measured. The result of one way ANOVA test revealed no significant difference between the changes of mean percent of transverse abdominal muscle thickness during the hollowing and bracing practices on both right and left sides (P=0.21). Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two practices mentioned, the mean percent of changes in the transverse abdominis muscle thickness ratio during abdominal bracing was greater than that during the hollowing practice. This latter finding may warrant more consideration in prospective clinical studies

Back muscles fatigue is one of the risk factors in workplace and throughout daily activities. Under fatigue conditions، loads will be redistributed among active and passive tissues in a non-optimal manner، where a single tissue may become overloaded and thus increasing the risk of injury with minimal loads. Because of the importance of abdominal muscles in producing and maintaining spinal stability in unstable conditions، it was necessary to investigate the response of these muscles in the presence of back muscles fatigue. Since it is not possible to study deep muscles with surface electromyography (EMG) techniques، in this study the function of abdominal muscles after lumbar extensor fatigue was investigated by ultrasound imaging technique.

Fifteen healthy women participated in this experimental study. Abdominal muscles thickness was measured from the lateral abdominal wall (Transverse abdomen (TrA)، Internal oblique abdomen (IO)، External oblique abdomen (EO)) using ultrasound imaging technique before and after the back extensor muscles fatigue protocol in upright standing with and without axial loading equal to 25% of the participants’ body weight. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the main effects of the load and back extensor muscle fatigue on the thickness of the abdominal muscles.

Although، symmetric axial loads equal to 25% of each participant weight had no significant effect on the thickness of abdominal muscles، back extensor muscles fatigue increased IO thickness significantly (P=0. 009).

The results showed that abdominal muscles response changes with back extensor muscles fatigue. By increasing the thickness of abdominal muscle، the stability of the spine could be maintained.

To asses relationship between abdominal muscles superficial Electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound measurement during Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) contraction in healthy people. 15 healthy women participated in the study. Their abdominal muscles activation (transversus abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique muscles) was measured by EMG and sonography during maximal PFM contraction. Inter Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Standard Error Measurement (SEM) was used for reliability assessment and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze data. EMG and ultrasound had high reliability to assess abdominal muscles activity during PFM contraction. Although increase in abdominal muscles EMG activity and muscles thickness changes in ultrasound imagine was showed but there was no significant relationship between EMG activity and changes in thickness of abdominal muscles(Transverse (r=0.31, P=0.10) Int Oblique (r=0.38, P=0.04) Ext Oblique (0.05, P=0.81). According to this study, EMG and Ultrasound were reliable methods to study abdominal muscles activity during PFM contraction but maybe we could not use them instead of each other, because there was not any significant relationship between them.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of electromyography measurements of abdominal muscles activity during different manoeuvres (pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction، abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing with and without PFM contraction) in subjects with and without chronic low back pain (LBP). In this methodology research 21 subjects (9 with LBP، 12 without LBP) who were selected simply & conveniently participated in the study. Abdominal muscle activation amplitude was assessed. Each maneuver was performed in triplicate and repeating of the test was done on the same day with a period of at least 30 minutes. Data were analyzed by Kolmogroff–Smirnoff test and Interclass correlation coefficient. The results showed high reliability for the muscle activation amplitude during abdominal hollowing with and without pelvic floor muscle contraction and isolation pelvic floor muscle contraction and abdominal bracing (ICC=80–90). Also moderate reliability in abdominal bracing with pelvic floor muscle contraction (ICC=70–80). Electromyography is a reliable method for assessment of voluntary and automatic activity of abdominal muscles during different conditions.