جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عوامل روانی- اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Gender dysphoria is a strong and persistent desire of the patient to be in the role and position of the opposite sex. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the demographic, biological, familial, and psychosocial factors affecting the incidence of gender dysphoria.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among transgender applicants referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province during 2015-2019, of which 238 people participated in the study by available sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with an interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics methods (frequency and percentage). 

Most of the female transgender applicants were single, aged 18-22, with a diploma, unemployed, with the predominant right hand with a history of self-harm and drug use. The highest frequency was reported in biological factors related to pregnancy stress, level of activity in childhood, history of severe trauma to the fetus and use of hormonal drugs by the mother. In family factors, the highest frequency is related to the average and poor socio-economic status of the family, normal and cold relations of parents with each other, parents' advisory role in life decisions, normal and cold relationship of parents with role models, being the last child, having at least one sister And a brother and the birth of a child of the opposite sex before the birth of the sample, education and occupation were respectively diploma and free for fathers and diploma and housewife for mothers and a history of psychiatric problems in parents. In psychosocial factors, most of the factors include reminding others about the similarity of behavior and personality to the opposite sex, feeling similar to the opposite sex, achieving real identity, imitating the opposite sex behaviors, playing and intimacy with heterosexuals, parents' lack of attention to doing Games of the opposite sex, contact with a heterosexual parent as a child, practical suicide attempts for being trans and damaging the primary genitals, and other cases.

Based on the research findings, it can be hoped that by educating and informing families and individuals in the community about the problem of gender dysphoria of this group of people and how to deal with them properly with the aim of supporting families with children with gender dysphoria and rejection Failure to do so, appropriate financial and social support of transgender organizations to perform gender reassignment surgery and the treatments needed by this segment of society, to take appropriate action to reduce their social problems and harms.

The staff of bank are often on the exposure of repeated movements, awkward posture and working by hand also, they encounter with psychosocial problems at workplace. Therefore, this research conducted with the aim of study of Ergonomic workstations and its relationship with prevalence of upper limbs disorders and psychosocial factors in the staff of Lorestan province banks.

This was a practical and descriptive- correlative research. The statistical population consisted of 900 employees of banks in Lorestan province, with a sample of 275 who were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data was collected by these questionnaires: Demographic; Ergonomic Checklist of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); Nordic (Kuorinka,1987); and Psychosocial Factors (Hersey and Goldsmith 1980). To analysis of data (t-test and multiple regression) were used by SPSS23.

The highest prevalence of upper limbs disorders observed in the neck (61.5%) and the shoulder (53.8%). The mean of psychosocial factors in the staff of Lorestan province banks was found to be a little more than average. It was found to be significant difference between means of sample group in psychosocial factors with respect of their evaluation of physical and mental work condition (α ≤ 0.01). There was a significant and negative correlation between all ergonomic indexes with upper limbs disorders and psychosocial factors with these disorders(p≤0.01).

Psychosocial situation of the staff is in the average. However, managers should be aware of the needs of the staff. Furthermore, the staff need to perceive social support, motivation, and feedback from their supervisors to work efficiently.

 Although sports fanaticism has a long history, and small and large football clubs around the world have sometimes had fanatical fans for more than a century, the formation of a fan culture is a relatively emerging phenomenon of which there is insufficient knowledge. Sport is generally tied to the concept of fan culture; Sports fanaticism and its components, including sports clubs and players, have become a cohesive culture known as the fan culture. Because fans have an emotional attachment to their favorite teams, they cannot be understood without considering culture and cultural analysis. With the rise of violence and aggression in football since the 1990s, various countries have taken precautionary measures to reduce it among fans, based on the promotion of a cultural atmosphere and the development of a fan culture. Violence and aggression are psychosocial phenomena that occur in exciting collective settings. Since the culture of advocacy is learnable and its system follows the patterns of habit-response, it is necessary to develop and improve the culture of advocacy by discovering the psychosocial factors associated with it. Over the past years, the country's football has been moving towards professionalism, but in parallel, no special program has been considered for the development of a fan culture towards professionalism, because there is no knowledge of the factors affecting its development. Based on this, it is necessary to adopt a theoretical approach to identify and analyze the psychosocial factors affecting the development of advocacy culture.

 The method of this research was qualitative and based on the data theory of the foundation and in terms of purpose it was of the fundamental-exploratory type. Research data were collected through snowball sampling technique and based on in-depth interviews with 23 scientific and executive elites of sports (including cultural directors, coaches and sports directors, referees and university professors). This process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Interview times ranged from 20 to 50 minutes. The text of each interview was written to be used to analyze the participants' answers. In order to evaluate the quality and validation of qualitative results in the present study, Lincoln and Gaba (1985) evaluation criteria including validity, portability, reliability and verification criteria were used.

 Based on the findings, social and psychological factors were discovered. Based on the semantic similarity, these categories were composed of 11 sub-categories, which are called representation of fan culture in cyberspace, representation of fan culture in cyberspace, representation of fan culture in the fan club, representation of fan culture in national media, education, interest Taking the linguistic features of football culture, the activities of clubs and managerial factors in the category of social factors and categories of respecting the right of the fans, observing standards and control measures, improving the stadium environment, creating flow and directing emotions in the category of psychological factors Were classified. In addition, the subcategories themselves were a combination of 62 primary codes that were extracted by reviewing the interviews.

 The aim of this study was to provide a model for the development of a fan culture in sport. Findings showed that the development of advocacy culture is a function of changes in social and psychological factors.
Social factors include the representation of the culture of advocacy in cyberspace and representation in the national media. Because fans have interacted with national media and virtual media through the media, fan issues can be taught and fans can be led to professionalism. Training seems to be an important determinant, but it should not be merely an emphasis on the fan community, and coaches, players, and leaders need to be trained to learn how to behave. Also, the representation of the culture of advocacy in important communities has a role in the formation of symbols and behavioral patterns. Fan clubs, if they are aware of their duties, can lead fans to professionalism in the culture of advocacy. Management factors also further reflect the fact that the development of a culture of advocacy depends on proper planning. The next case is the use of the linguistic features of the advocacy culture. The fan community has produced its own symbolic systems and thus shaped the culture of support. The activity of clubs was the last dimension of social factors. Perhaps their importance in professionalism and moving towards industrialization is more than anything else.
Psychological factors included dimensions such as compliance with standards and control measures. It seems that not all measures to develop a fan culture are merely actions, because in some cases, the behavior and actions of the fans require officials to react. Also, creating and directing emotions causes behavioral orientation, and because cultural currents follow and direct large currents, it is necessary to pay enough attention to this important issue. What we are witnessing now in the country's stadiums is a kind of influence of collective behaviors. Provocation by some leaders, players, as well as coaches, and even coaching interviews in pre- and post-match press conferences push the margins and play a role in shaping behaviors on the podium. Significant measures have been taken in the world's leading clubs to cultivate and improve the stadium environment, so that now the atmosphere is calmer than in the past. Meanwhile, in the five decades that have passed since its official activity, Iranian football has gone through many ups and downs on the path to becoming a professional; In terms of the facilities provided to the teams, the manner and system of the game, the payment of large contracts to coaches and players, the online sale of tickets and the equipment of the stadium have become almost professional, but in terms of the behavior of spectators and football fans in stadiums So far, no significant movement has taken place and the word "cultural" of cultural and sports clubs has been abandoned and has found only a slogan-like meaning. Respect for the rights of fans can be seen in all countries of style. During the Corona Pandemic, which began in 2020, clubs were inevitably deprived of the direct support of their fans and spectators, and it was observed that right after 1 year of enduring this situation, clubs The big world protested against this situation and tried to fill this gap through the European Super League.
These discussions were merely presenting a theoretical approach to the factors affecting the development of the desired supportive culture in sports, and it is necessary to conduct an empirical study of the psychosocial factors affecting the development of a supportive culture in sports.

Research has shown that the conditions and characteristics of subcultures can be one of the causes of addiction and drug use, and the study of psychosocial factors in any society can clarify the characteristics of that culture and provide clues about its problems. Society is especially addicted; therefore, this study seeks to understand and identify the psychosocial factors of subcultures related to drug use.

Methods and Materials: 

The study is qualitative and grounded in theory. The city of Isfahan was selected as a research pilot. Variables and categories were extracted from 32 interviews that were validated by professors and subject matter experts. Out of 18 pivotal categories, 5 main categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, interventionist conditions, strategies and consequences were identified.

Substance abuse is associated with "practical-emotional dependence", "social exclusion" and "deviant subculture". People in their addictive lifestyle suffer from a kind of separation from society. Continuity of membership in the deviant subculture is considered as the only capital of the addicted person and provides the ground for the formation of more deviant and deviant behaviors. Consequences will include: persistence of addiction, psychosocial decline, formation of new negative values, subculture of discrete support and trust in the face of intergroup distrust.

According to the results, it seems that social and emotional support of addicts and helping them to quit drugs prevents them from being absorbed into aggressive and delinquent subcultures. However, in order to increase the external credibility of the research, it is suggested that similar research be conducted in other societies.

Psychosocial factors are among the factors affecting employee productivity. Since few studies have been done in this field, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors regarding productivity.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020 among 105 employees of a food distribution company in Ahvaz. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, Copenhagen Psychosocial Factors Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and Goldsmith Hershey Productivity Questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between variables.

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between any of the demographic variables with the score of psychosocial factors and productivity (P> 0.05). Psychosocial factor 2 has a negative and significant relationship with the average score of productivity, ability, role clarity, organizational support, motivation, feedback and credibility. And psychosocial factor 4 has a negative and significant relationship with motivation. The mean score of psychosocial factors, factor 1 and 3 showed a positive and significant relationship with the mean score of productivity, ability, role clarity, organizational support, motivation, feedback and credibility.

Considering the role of psychosocial factors on employeechr('39') productivity, it is necessary to consider organizational interventions in order to control effective psychosocial factors. More attention to psychosocial factors in the workplace can play an effective role in the efficiency and productivity of employees and the organization.

Role conflict in working mothers is one of the most important sources of stress for the individual and the family. Vulnerable groups, including children, will have many problems with this conflict. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between psycho-social factors in the workplace with the aggression of female nursing staff working in Isfahan Al-Zahra Hospital, Iran.

The present study is descriptive-correlational research conducted in 2018. There was 110 female nursing staff working in different wards of Al-Zahra Hospital with pre-school age children. Data collection was done by demographic questionnaires, Copenhagen psycho-social factors, and aggression in pre-school children.

The mean score of work-family conflict nursing staff was 77.43 ± 18.76 and their offensive behaviors were 9.86 ± 5.53 out of 100, respectively, which had the highest and least impact on the psycho-social factors of the workplace, respectively. The mean score of childrenchr('39')s aggression was 27.33±18.82 out of 84. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that importance, job satisfaction, work-family conflict, and health and welfare, respectively, were significant predictors of childrenchr('39')s aggression score (P <0.05), and in the presence of these three factors, scores other psychosocial factors were not significant predictors of childrenchr('39')s aggression score.

In this study, all psychosocial factors of motherschr('39') work environment did not have a direct effect on child aggression, which indicates that mothers in health care pay attention to the maternal role in childrenchr('39')s emotional-psychological development and control of factors affecting work-conflict. It is a family, but what is important for health managers is to pay attention to the occupational components of employees.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of perception of illness in relation to psychosocial factors with self-care in type II diabetes patients.

The present study was a descriptive-analytic one. The statistical population of this study included diabetic patients referring to type II diabetes in Milad Clinic of Mashhad. The sample consisted of 392 subjects who were selected by convenience sampling method. To measure the research variables, Short illness perception Questionnaire of Birdbent et al., Stress Coping Styles of Lazarus and Folkman (1984), Tangeny Self-Control Short Form (2004), Zement et al. Social Support (1988), Physician-Patient Relationship of Wendreflets et al. (2004) and the Tobert and Klasgow Self-Care Scale (2004) were used. Statistical analysis of the data was done by structural equation modeling using path analysis with Amos-23 and SPSS-23 software.

There was a significant relationship between coping styles, self-control, social support, and physician-patient relationship with self-care in type II diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The results also showed that perception of illness has a mediating role in relation to psychosocial factors with self-care.

Given the importance of psychosocial factors, the results of this study showed that a rational understanding of the disease, on the one hand, reduces the emotional disturbance of dealing with unpredicted illness-related issues, and on the other hand, improves self-care by adjusting patterns of drug use and meeting with the physician.

It is estimated that Coronary heart diseases (CHD) will be the major cause of ortality by the year 2020. The traditional factors such as age, genetics, smoking and obesity, account nly half of the variance in CHD. Therefore, regarding increasing concern about the psychosocial factors, he purpose of present study was to evaluate the role of personality, stress and social support in predicting HD.

In this correlative study, patients with CHD referred to Shahid Rajaeecardiology hospital for cardiac angiography through winter 2008 to spring 2009 in Tehran, Iran, wereselected by convenience sampling method. 150 age, gender, marital status and education matched healthy ndividuals from families of patients were selected as control group. The inclusion criteria included bsence of acute conditions such as the need for surgery, having had the willingness and ability to ooperate. Data collected using The NEO-FFI (NEO five-factor inventory) personality questionnaire, ickle's stressful life events scale and Pierce's social relation quality scale. Obtained data analyzed by ogistic regression method.

Studied psychosocial variables predicted 51.9-69.2% of CHD variance. The classification accuracy (patient and healthy) which was performed by cardiologist based on psychosocial variables was 4.3%, with 82% and 86.7% predicting accuracy for illness and healthiness. Neuroticism, extroversion, tress and interpersonal conflicts had a positive correlation with illness and a negative correlation with ealthiness, but conscientiousness and openness to experience had positive correlation with illness and egative correlation with healthiness.

In general, it seems that psychosocial factors specially personality, stress and social support ave an important role in predicting CHD.