جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "میانسالان" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

One of the components of health is mental health and based on the available findings, mental disorders are one of the most important components of the overall burden of illness and it is predicted that by 2020, the share of mental disorders is about 50% of the total burden of illness. Increase. Hospital staff has doubled their responsibility for people's health and lives because they are in direct and close contact with all sections of society. Occupational problems and harsh working conditions are one of the underlying factors of mental disorders (3).On the other hand, it is one of the most important times to reduce the workload of leisure time. Leisure time can be considered a part of organizing daily life. Time Vacancy (6). The importance of leisure activities has made it more important to pay attention to improving the sports leisure of individuals, especially in some sensitive groups, including the middle-aged (7).The importance of physical activity in leisure is so great that a lot of research has been done in this field and contradictory results have been obtained. Lack of research on the impact of physical activity during leisure time on the general health of middle-aged people, providing a promotional model for middle-aged men and women in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities; Therefore, develop a structural model for middle-aged leisure to promote their general health with an emphasis on sports activities.

 Methodology:

The present study was a descriptive-analytical method, including mixed and combined research, and included two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative method in the present study was the grounded theory method, which was designed according to the Strauss and Corbin method. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sports management who were identified with the necessary experience and knowledge about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included all middle-aged men and women between the ages of 40 and 65 in Iran. In order to identify the samples of the qualitative part, purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 14 people were identified as samples in the qualitative section. In the quantitative part, the Cochran's sample volume formula was used to determine the research samples. And 384 people were selected as a sample. In the qualitative part of the interview and in the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire including 54 questions were used. Finally, in the qualitative part, coding was used to design the pattern and model using structural equation modeling (SEM) and interpretive structural modeling. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software.

After the interviews, the initial codes were identified and the researcher reviewed the interviews and concluded about the initial codes. In the axial coding stage, the general dimensions of causal conditions include the categories of physical capacities (lifestyle, psychological condition), underlying conditions (infrastructural aspects, managerial aspects, motivational issues), intervening conditions (weakness). Cultural, individual constraints, social problems), main phenomenon, strategies and consequences (individual consequences and national consequences) were obtained.As can be seen in Table 2, the square root of the AVE of the variables hidden in the study, which are located in the cells in the original diameter of the matrix, is greater than the value of the correlation between them, arranged in the lower and left cells of the original diameter. Have, more. Therefore, it can be stated that in the research, the variables (hidden variables) in the model have more interaction with their indicators than with other variables. In other words, the divergent validity of the model is adequate.
According to Table 3, all relationships are confirmed. On the other hand, the value of R2 for exogenous or independent variables is zero. In this section, there are 3 endogenous variables whose value R2 is more than 0.33 which is equal to the desired value. Finally, it was found that the research model has a good fit.

Discussion:

Undoubtedly, the development of sports leisure activities in each group has its own conditions and characteristics. Although there are some principles and standards for sports leisure activities in general, but for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities, it is necessary to create the initial bases in this field. It seems that the infrastructural aspects of the existence of specialized spaces for leisure activities, the existence of sports equipment for middle-aged sports leisure and inter-sectoral interaction in promoting middle-aged sports leisure activities cause the provision of basic infrastructure. On the other hand, managerial aspects due to the existence of a sports guide for middle-aged people, recognizing leisure capacities, updating leisure activities, as well as diversity and flexibility in middle-aged sports leisure activities cause managerial efforts in this regard. This will lead to the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities. On the other hand, motivational issues such as creating special material and spiritual rewards for middle-aged people in response to their leisure sports activities, expressing the benefits gained from leisure sports activities among middle-aged people, creating emotional support for the presence of middle-aged people in leisure activities. Sports leisure and assessment and monitoring of the physical and mental condition of middle-aged people causes spiritual support for the development of leisure sports activities among middle-aged people, which can lead to improving the mental state of middle-aged people to participate in leisure sports activities. This issue has led to the development of leisure time in middle-aged men and women in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities need to pay attention to managerial aspects, infrastructure aspects and motivational issues (16).On the other hand, it is undoubtedly a difficult task to implement all the basic needs and requirements in the field of leisure. In this regard, various restrictions have led to overshadow the development of sports leisure activities. Meanwhile, the development of middle-aged sports leisure due to its importance is always affected by some cultural, individual and social problems. Cultural problems such as lack of sports culture at the community level, lack of interest in sports among middle-aged people and lack of positive attitude towards sports at the community level have an influential role in the development of sports leisure activities among middle-aged people. On the other hand, personal limitations such as lack of self-confidence among middle-aged people, lack of sports motivation, livelihoods and insufficient knowledge of middle-aged people about the capacities of sports leisure activities cause the initial interest in sports leisure activities among Do not form middle-aged. Finally, social problems such as the lack of social groups in the field of sports for middle-aged people, lack of interaction between middle-aged people in sports activities and lack of social support for leisure sports activities for middle-aged people have caused social attractions regarding leisure activities in sports. Do not occur among middle-aged people, which has affected the development of middle-aged sports leisure (17).

The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of sleep and consciousness on consolidation based on implicit motor memory enhancement among youth, middle-aged and elderly.

The sample statistic consisted of 120 (youth, middle-aged and elderly) healthy and right-handed volunteers (40 people from each age group). The groups were availability selected and randomly divided into six experimental groups of implicit motor memory of youth, middle-aged, and elderly with a distance of twelve hours in the morning (without night sleep) and evening (with night sleep). This research included the acquisition and retention phases. In this research, the alternative serial reaction time task with random and repetitive sequences was used.

In the acquisition phase, the results of ANOVA with repeated measure test showed that the practice led to enhance mean of performance in random and repetitive reaction time in 5-epoch. In the retention phase, the main effect of the practice epoch was significant (P<0.05) and all six groups were better than the 5-epoch in the acquisition phase. Also, the results of the Duncan posthoc test showed that the youth, middle-aged and elderly groups with 12h retention test delay, were better performance than the practice session.

Generally, night sleep with 12h retention test facilities the process of consolidation based on implicit motor memory enhancement among youth, middle-aged and elderly people.

The middle-aged are a significant group of the population. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of the middle-aged self-care program implementation.

This was a two phase study. At first stage qualitative study was conducted. In this stage recipients and service providers participated in two focus group interviews about key points of the program and convention content analysis was performed.  Then a descriptive study was conducted to assess the acceptability of the program from the perspective of recipients and providers. This study was conducted using two separate questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated. In all 300 care receivers and the whole target group of providers were surveyed.

The acceptability of program from the perspective of service recipients was examined by dimensions derived from the qualitative study. These dimensions were: responding to health needs, adapting to the conditions of service recipients, program benefits and side effects, participation, service delivery processes, and satisfaction. The study findings showed that acceptability was high for ‘the service delivery processes’ and ‘satisfaction’ and was low for ‘public participation’. However, assessing the perspective of managers and service providers indicated that the acceptability was high for ‘meeting healthcare needs’ and it was low for ‘compliance with the conditions of service recipients’.

Implementing the program requires resources and infrastructure. The pilot implementation of the program and the evaluation of it will play an important role in successful implementation of the program. As such the successful implementation of the middle-aged health self-care program could improve the responsibility of individuals in maintaining and promoting of their health.

Inadequate physical activity is one of the main causes of chronic diseases in adult and elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of physical activity in middle-aged people (30-59 years) in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 4112 middle-aged population (30-59 years old) of the country using systematic proportional to size cluster sampling from five universities of medical sciences (Mashhad, Guilan, Alborz, Bushehr and Kermanshah) located in five different geographical areas were selected.The physical activity of individuals was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) has been used in WHO STEPS methods. Data analysis was performed in Stata software version 14 using Chi-square test and logistic regression model.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 42.4 ± 7.8 years (men: 42.3±7 7.9 and women: 42.5 ± 7.8 years). According to the results, 61.3% (men:55.1%,women:67.6%) had insufficient physical activity. The percentage of appropriate physical activity was significantly higher in men than women (P <0.001) and in people with higher education (P <0.001) than people with less education.

Based on the findings of the present study, 61.3% of the middle-aged population of Iran do not have enough physical activity. Designing and implemention of interventional programs to increase the physical activity and prevent of main non-communicable diseases in this age group seems to be necessary.
 
 

Leisure is a new social field that has found meaning in the context of modernity and contemporary social and cultural change (2). Leisure refers to the opportunity and time when the responsible person is not responsible for any task or task, the time is at his disposal to do something with personal desire and motivation (6). In the meantime, the role of sport as a strategy that has the potential to help achieve health, social and economic goals is very important (8). The results of studies show that the participation rate of our people in public and recreational sports is 10%. However, this participation rate is more than 80% in countries such as Finland and Sweden (10). Middle age is the period when the population will be the largest in a few decades. During this period, which ends in old age, it is necessary to adapt to training and experience and continue to exercise over the years. Exercise at this age can prevent an unusual increase in free radicals at rest and in the range of physical activity (12). According to the research background and the above-mentioned topics, this study seeks to provide a promotional model for middle-aged leisure in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities. Also seeking answers to the question of whether spending leisure time for middle-aged people in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities is related to demographic factors in Iran?

The present study is a mixed research that included two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative method in the present study was the grounded theory method, which was designed according to the Strauss and Corbin method. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management who had sufficient information on the subject of research and in the quantitative part of the study included all middle-aged men and women aged 40 to 65 years in Iran. In order to identify the samples of the qualitative part, purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 14 people were identified as samples in the qualitative section. In the quantitative part, Cochranchr('39')s sample volume formula was used to determine the research samples. The sample size was 384 people with an error level of 0.05% and the sample was selected by convenience sampling. In order to conduct this research, in the first stage (comparative study), the present study was conducted as a library and an attempt was made to describe and analyze the research related to the development of a promotional model of pastime using the data obtained from program documents. Middle-aged leisure in Iran was emphasized with emphasis on sports activities, and the analysis performed by the researcher in the first stage led to the improvement of knowledge and the compilation of interview guides for the second stage. In the next step (qualitative interviews), the data theory method (grounded theory) was used to construct the proposed research model.Then, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The questions were arranged in two parts based on the information obtained from the qualitative part of the research. The first part includes general information about the respondents and the second part consists of 54 questions. Was. Which examined the five components of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, actions and consequences.Pattern and model design using structural equation modeling (SEM) and interpretive structural modeling were used. All data analysis processes of the present study were performed in SPSS and PLS software.

The results showed that contextual factors, causal factors, strategies, individual and national consequences and intervening factors are among the main dimensions of the research, each of which is related to the other. It was also found that the data did not have a normal distribution. Therefore, there is no covariance-based software and SmartPLS-based covariance software should be used. Finally, according to Figures 1 and 2, the value of T-Value for 5 relationships related to the research hypotheses is more than 1.96 and all relationships are confirmed. This means that the model fits properly.

Sports leisure activities in the social sphere cause middle-aged people to have a wide range of social effects for individuals. One of the primary effects of sports activities is to break out of isolation and socialize. That is, sports activity creates a strong bond between peers and learns attitudes, values, skills and general attitudes such as chivalry and discipline. He is thought to have learned lessons from participating in sports that will affect his success in other areas of life. This has led to the need to develop physical and mental abilities as well as changes in middle-aged lifestyle has led to a greater understanding of the need to develop leisure sports activities. This issue has led to the present study to determine the causal factors such as physical capacity, lifestyle and psychological conditions for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities (16).It is also necessary to provide the initial basis for the development of sports leisure activities. Undoubtedly, the development of sports leisure activities in each group has its own conditions and characteristics. Although there are some principles and standards for sports leisure activities in general, but for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities, it is necessary to create the initial bases in this field. It seems that the infrastructural aspects of the existence of specialized spaces for middle-aged sports leisure activities, the existence of special sports equipment for middle-aged sports leisure activities and inter-sectoral interaction in promoting middle-aged sports leisure activities cause the basic infrastructure to develop leisure activities. Provide middle-aged sports (3).

The tool used to collect data should have validity in the first stage and reliability in the second stage. The aim of this study was to design a tool for program management of middle-aged people in health centers in 2019.

This study was a descriptive-applied research. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire from a comparative study and interview. The validity of tool was examined by surveying 14 experts in the field of health services management, health education, general practitioner and nursing using Lawshi method. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by selecting 30 experts in middle-aged people program and using the test-retest method with time interval of two weeks. For data analysis, the SPSS software version 20 was used.

In the validity stage, based on the opinions of 14 experts, out of 87 questions, 1 question with a content validity ratio of 0.45 and a content validity index of 0.73 was removed from the questionnaire questions and the rest of the questions were approved in terms of content. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was obtained in two stages (the first stage was 0.85 and the second stage was 0.95) and the correlation coefficient was 0.99 for the whole questionnaire.

The results of the present study showed that the component of public participation and the component of executive management had the highest and lowest correlation in the management of health services for middle-aged people, so policymakers and health care planners can use it to improve the quality of health services for middle-aged people.

Metabolic syndrome is a physiologic and biochemical disorder. Due to the possible important role of smoking in metabolic syndrome, we aimed to assess this role.

This cross-sectional study was performed on the data of middle-aged patients’ health records in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2018. According to diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome, 246 involved patient and 246 healthy people were selected using convenience sampling method. Smoking status and other demographic information were collected and analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression methods.

Using water pipe (hookah) is significantly more prevalent among the patients with metabolic syndrome (57.7%) compared to healthy population (16.3%) (P < 0.001). We also indicated that smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 5.55, P = 0.006] and low education were associated with increased odds of developing metabolic syndrome, whereas being married reduced the odds (OR = 0.15, P < 0.001).

 As shown by this study, using hookah is more prevalent among the patients with metabolic syndrome compared to healthy population; smoking is associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome as well.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common chronic diseases in societies that has been associated with many psychological disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of psychological disorders in middle-aged women with and without diabetes mellitus in Isfahan City, Iran, during the years 2015-2016.

In this cross-sectional study, 246 women with diabetes mellitus and 246 healthy women were randomly selected from patients referring to comprehensive urban and rural health centers. Psychological evaluation, mental illness, epilepsy, and suicidal thoughts were assessed based on Iranian Woman Health Form.

The frequency of psychological disorders such as anxiety, restlessness, frustration, sadness, and being motiveless for doing daily tasks, as well as overall frequency of psychological disorders, and the frequency of suicidal ideation, epilepsy, and history of mental illnesses was significantly higher in those with diabetes mellitus compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Based on the multiple logistic regression model, patients with psychiatric disorders were 5.32 times more likely to develop diabetes than healthy controls [odds ratio (OR) = 5.32; 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.30-8.62).

There is a positive correlation between psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus; so people with psychological illnesses should be screened for diabetes.

Growing old causes significant effects on cognitive and metacognitive processes and increases the likelihood of cognitive failure. The present study aimed to investigate various dimensions of memory in the elderly and compare it with non-elderly. It was designed as a causal-comparative study. 180 samples were chosen among Kermanshah citizens through the availability sampling method and were divided into three groups of elderly, middle-aged and young, each group consisting of 60 people. Wechsler Memory Scale was used to evaluate the dimensions of memory (personal information, navigation, subjective control, logical memory, counting memory, visual memory, associative memory). Results from variance analysis and  Scheffe's test showed a significant difference in all sub-scales of the Wechsler memory test for the elderly with young and middle-aged groups (P <0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in the subscales of logical memory, visual memory, associative memory, and total memory score between the young and middle-aged groups (P <0.001); though, no significant difference was observed in personal information, navigation, subjective control and counting memory subscales between young and middle-aged groups. The results suggested that growing old associated with a decrease in memory performance in different dimensions, and the elderly showed poorer performance in different dimensions of memory compared to young and middle-aged. This indicated a decrease in some dimensions of memory in middle age and a decrease in all dimensions in old age. Research findings could be used to provide strategies to prevent memory impairment and enhance memory in aging.

Geriatric period has such particular conditions that the aged feel the need of helpful and dynamic communication more than any other time. In this research, we are going to measure the aged people attitude toward their speech communication in comparison with middle-aged people. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-analytic study, one hundred staffs of Isfahan education department are compared with one hundred staffs working in Isfahan education department. In this study data was collected by the adjustment and attitude scale (AAS) and results were analyzed by SPSS16 and through chi-square and T- test. This survey revealed that Attitude toward ability to communication in experimental group was 35% (generally). It was reported 84% in male group and 26/5% in females based on gender and based on marriage, in single group are 50% and 34/8% in marrieds. In the control group attitudes are 37/2% in males and 33/3% in females, 44/4% in single group and 35/2% among the marrieds. There is no significant difference between attitudes toward the ability to speech communication in elderly compared with middle-aged people, but in the attitude of two groups by sex, male subjects with p = 0.003 and marital status, married people with p = 0.04, there is a significant relationship with the ability to communicate..

Women's health is important in middle age, and lifestyle, including healthy eating, has an impact on it. This research was aimed to determine the effect of an educational program based on BASNEF model on nutrition in middle-aged women.
Methods & Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 95 women under coverage of the healthcare centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The demographic characterizes and the BASNEF constructs regarding nutritional behavior were measured by questionnaire before and eight weeks after the intervention. The intervention was performed in three one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests using the SPSS software version 16. Before the intervention, both groups had not any significant differences in all variables and constructs. After the intervention, in the experimental group, the median and interquartile range were 10±3 for knowledge, 38±10 for attitude, 3±1 for subjective norms and 1±1 for behavioral intention. But in the control group, the scores were 6±2 for knowledge, 37±5 for attitude, 4±1 for subjective norms and 1±1 for behavioral intention. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P˂0.05). However, the scores of enabling factors were not significantly different between the two groups of intervention (3±1) and control (3±1) (P=0.4). Designing and implementing the educational program based on BASNEF model not only can improve the knowledge and attitude about healthy nutrition in middle-aged women, but also modify their behavioral intention.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT2016042427566N1

Frequency rates of many non communicable diseases can be reduced by changing lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the status of lifestyle indices in relation to nutrition, physical activity and body mass index in middle-aged people referring to health centers in Kurdistan Province. This cross-sectional study included 5022 middle-aged (30-59 years old) in 2016. Sampling method was census. Demographic data about nutritional status, physical activity and body mass index were obtained from the apple system. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test and chi-square test. 5022 participants with equal sex ratio and a mean age of 41.8 ± 12.46 years were entered into the study. In our study men had more physical activity during walking and working than women (p <0.001). About 74% of the participants were overweight or obese. The proportion of obesity in the women was higher (p <0.001). The proportion of obesity in people who walked more than 60 minutes/day was less than that in those who walked between 31-60 minutes/day (28% versus 38%) (p <0.001). In spite of optimal consumption of vegetables by both genders, 52% of the participants did not consume enough fruit. Approximately 76.5% of the people had used enough dairy products. The women used dairy productes less frequently compared to the men (70% versus 83%), (p <0.001). Overweight and obesity in the study population were at an alarming level. Obesity prevention programs for, middle-aged people should focus on encouraging physical activity, especially in women.

Aims: Diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disease in human being. Self-care is the most important way of preventing complications. This study aimed at investigating the effects of peer-education on quality of life in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.
This semi experimental study was conducted at a diabetes clinic affiliated to Gonabad University of medical sciences, Iran in 2017 among 80 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were selected based on available sampling method, and they were randomly divided into two groups, namely intervention and control (40 patients each group). The data of all patients were collected by demographic and disease information questionnaire and diabetic patient quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. The present study was carried out in three main steps: In the first step (before intervention), peers were trained by the researcher during four sessions. In the second step (intervention), quality of life of patients was assessed before training; then, patients in intervention group were trained and instructed during three sessions; the control group received the usual instruction, too. In the third step (one month later), quality of life of patients in both groups was assessed. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistics software Version 20, using Chi-square, Fisher, independent t test, paired t test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon.
Findings: The mean scores of quality of life in intervention group did not have any significant difference with control group before instruction (p>0.05). After instruction, the mean scores of quality of life in the intervention group compared with the control group increased significantly (p Peer education improves quality of life in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Health Literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain process and understand basic health information and services needed to make healthy decisions .Therefore, this study was designed to determine health literacy of Middle-aged in Ardabil.
This Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 1049 adults aged 20-60 years attending referred Ardabil health centers in 2015. Data collecting tool was Iranian health literacy questionnaire. Data was analyzed by correlation tests, Chi-square, T-test and linear regression using SPSS (16).
Mean age participants were 39.59±14.1 years. 56.4 percent (n=65) were females. Most participants had Diploma and postgraduate Diploma. Participants had a weak level to access information (76.3%), moderate level in perceive data (59.9%), moderate level in judgment (57.8) and level moderate in use of information (75.1%).
Overall, there was moderate health literacy in Middle-aged. It seems necessary training programs be designed according to the needs of Middle-aged with low health literacy.

Aging and middle aged population growth and increase in life expectancy، has changed the attitude towards elderly. However، decrease in cognitive performance of aged people has always been under investigation. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of working memory software on self-esteem، self-concept and middle aged memory. This experimental study was carried out based on pre-test and post-test on experiment and control groups in Isfahan، Iran. 50 middle aged people were selected randomly and divided to experimental and control groups (25 people for each group). Measurement tools in this study were Wechsler memory scale for adolescents، Rogers''s self-concept and Aizeng self-esteem. Covariance analysis showed a significant difference in self-esteem، self-concept and control groups. But، after the software education، the differences in experiment group were higher. Working memory software could strengthen middle age working memory، and upgrade their life style