جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « میزان بقا » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

To investigate the survival of patients with brain metastases (BM) in Sabzevar.
In this retrospective cross-sectional study at two oncologic centers in Sabzevar, patients with BM either at the presentation or at during the follow-up were enrolled. Patients' documents were reviewed in terms of clinical and pathological features of the primary tumor, first-line treatments and treatments at the time of BM diagnosis and finally overall survival (OS) and BM-related survival rates. The data was entered into SPSS version 26 software and analyzed at a significance level of P<0.05.
Eighty-four patients were enrolled (58.33% female, median age 57 [25-83]). Most frequent primary cancers were lung (non-small cell, 38.1%) and breast (34.52%). BM at the diagnosis of primary tumor was presented in 29 patients (34.5%). 61.9% had ≥5 BM, 97.6% were symptomatic, 80% had extracranial metastases (ECM). Headache (22.6%) and focal neurologic deficit (21.4%) were the most frequent reported symptoms. Primary BM treatments were: Surgery 6.1%; SRT 0%; whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) 87.8%, systemic treatments 6.1%; best supportive care (BSC) 0%. Median OS after BM diagnosis for all was 5 months (surgery: 11, systemic: 3, WBRT: 5). In patients treated with WBRT, 64.8% had ≥5 BM, 83.3% ECM, 16.9% were ≥70 years.
Survival of patients with BM is extremely poor. WBRT is the main treatment option. Patients who can tolerate the surgery may survive more.

Pancytopenia is one of the main characteristics of serious diseases among children. Therefore, identifying the initial signs of pancytopenia and finding the main cause of its occurrence is important for selection of the appropriate treatment strategy. This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathological and survival characteristics of children with pancytopenia referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital between 2010 and 2015.

In this retrospective study, 88 children aged 2 months to 16 years with pancytopenia symptoms were identified. The clinical, pathological, etiology, and survival characteristics of these children were examined and evaluated with the help of SPSS 25 software and log rank test were analyzed.

The ratio of boys to girls was 1.1, which had no significant difference from each other. The frequency of pancytopenia among children one to six years old was equal to 48.87% (43 children) and more than other groups. Fever, bone pain, and general weakness were observed in 32 (36.36%), 17 (19.32%), and 16 (18.18%) children. Also, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aplastic anemia were reported as the main causes of pancytopenia in 57 (59.1%) and 31 (31.8%) children. The results showed that 9 children had severe pancytopenia, and the survival rate in this group was lower than other children (p value <0.001).

Conclusions  :

Based on the results of this study, the possibility of pancytopenia in children aged 1-6 years with symptoms such as fever, bone pain, and general weakness should be considered to adopt the appropriate treatment and improve the survival rate.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 people. The consequence of this disease is enlargement and deformity of the kidneys, which causes disruption of blood circulation and destruction of the parenchyma, and finally, impaired kidney function. Kidney failure is seen in 50% of the patients which makes the need of kidney transplantation in these patients. The aim of present study was to determine the graft survival rate in kidney transplantation of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys.

In this retrospective cohort study, 149 ADPKD patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran, between 1998 and 2016 were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for graft survival at intervals of one, six, twelve, twenty-four, thirty-six, forty-eight, and sixty months after transplantation and the causes of patient mortality and the risk factors of transplant rejection were investigated. Kaplan-Meier test was used to check graft survival and cox regression model was used to check rejection (hazard ratio) in the patients.

Totally 149 patients (60.7% male and 38.3% female) with a mean age of 47.42 ±10.19 years were included. The rate of graft survival in men and women was respectively 98% and 97% in the first month, 90% and 97% in the sixth month, 87% and 93% in the twelfth month, 87% and 90% in the twenty-fourth month, 87% and 83% in the thirty-sixth month, 83% and 83% in the 48th month, and 78% and 80% in the 60th month. The mean overall graft survival was 52.96 months, 54.187 months in men, and 51.05 months in women, and this difference was significant (P=0.001). Also, evaluation of the risk of rejection (hazard ratio) showed that only the recipient's BMI had a significant relationship with the risk of transplant rejection. (OR=1.68, CI95% (1.34-4.22), P=0.001).

Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the 1-month, 6-month, 12-month, 24-month, 36-month, 48-month, and 60-month graft survival rate in ADPKD patients undergoing kidney transplantation in Hospital was appropriate, but it was a little low compared to the survival rate in previous years and most of the other centers. Although differences such as study design and environment are inevitable, but the results of this study can provide essential evidence for revising treatment strategies. Also, the recipient's body mass index has an effect on the probability of transplant rejection, and by considering this factor, it is possible to help increase the survival rate of kidney transplants in these patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common invasive cancers being the leading cause of mortality among women all around the world. Although the increasing trend of the geriatric population with cancer is indicative of good advances in cancer early detection and treatment, since most studies have been conducted on  younger age group, it can be said that the principles of treatment in geriatric patients remains unclear due to the vagueness of prognostic factors in this age group.

This study was conducted using the data obtained from Shiraz Breast Cancer Registry, the largest breast cancer registry in Iran. The study population included women aged 70 years and over who had breast cancer. Prognostic factors, treatment modalities, and patients’ survival rate were reviewed and investigated.

427 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 75 years old +/- 5.2yrs. Invasive ductal carcinoma  (73.3%),  Grade 2 tumor (56.9 %), and size 2-5cm (50.6%) were the most common histopathological type, respectively. 81.9% of the patients were positive for estrogen receptor. 47.5% of the patients underwent quadrantectomy. 50.8% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 41.1% received adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall survival rate for women for more than 5 years (60 months) was 68% and disease-free survival rate for more than 5 years was 51%.

According to ISGO recommendation to improve breast cancer survival in the elderly, in addition to the need for more critical reappraisal in breast cancer management in this age group by clinicians, the involvement of geriatricians is needed to appraise the patients’ general condition in this age group in order to meet the treatment guidelines requirements.

Trauma is an important public health concern in the world. With the advancement of science and technology and the industrialization of societies in the past century, trauma and its complications have become an important issue. Trauma is the most common cause of death and disability in people aged 1-44 years. Furthermore, trauma is the leading cause of reduced life expectancy and years of life lost worldwide. The most important measure to be taken in the event of a crisis is to maintain the survival of the casualty, prevent permanent complications before basic treatment, return the casualty to pre-injury living conditions as soon as possible, and provide emergency assistance quickly and intelligently. Since traumatic injuries may deteriorate without intervention and time resolution, posttraumatic survival rate largely depends on time. The chances of survival after trauma in the case of severely injured patients increase with their timely transfer to treatment centers. Pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) are an integral part of the healthcare delivery system and play a key role in the provision of pre-hospital services and patient transfer to medical centers. The purpose of such medical services is to provide appropriate treatment at the right place and time by using available resources. The correct operation of different parts of this system results in the rapid and timely dispatch of ambulances to the patientchr('39')s bedside and the prevention of death and disabilities. Qazvin province has a strategic location in terms of transportation and industry. Qazvin is the communication route of more than 13 provinces in Iran and a bridge between the capital and the northern and western regions, as well as Caucasus and European countries. Figures related to the traffic accidents in Qazvin province show that this province has a large share of road accidents due to the small geographical area in the country. The present study aimed to determine the influential factors in the survival of trauma victims until discharge from selected hospitals in Qazvin province during 2014-2018.

This retrospective correlational study was conducted on 835 trauma patients using the data of Qazvin Emergency Center during 2014-2018. All the cases of the air transport of injured patients were included in the study due to the small number of cases. Among the cases of transferring trauma patients via the ground route, the subjects were selected via stratified random sampling with an equal volume for each year of the study period. Data were collected using an information registration form consisting of data on personal characteristics, trauma characteristics, pre-hospital and hospital emergency procedures, patientchr('39')s clinical condition upon arrival at the patientchr('39')s bedside, transfer mode, consciousness level at different times, and vital signs at different times. Data collection tools were the emergency center information questionnaire and the hospital records of trauma victims. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 16 using Chi-square, t-test, and regression analysis at the significance level of P<0.05.

 Out of 835 trauma victims, 608 cases (72.8%) were male, and 227 cases (27.2%) were female. In terms of age distribution, the mean age of the injured subjects was 39±16.03 years (range: 18-98 years). The trauma pattern was pervasive in 106 patients (12.7%) and blunt in 729 patients (87.3%). Among the subjects, 59 cases (7.1%) died of trauma, of which 14 cases (23.7%) had penetrating trauma and 45 cases (76.3%) had blunt trauma. The mean body mass index of the trauma patients in the hospital was 25.88±4.44 kg/m2. Underlying disease (P=0.03) and smoking habits (P=0.028) were significantly correlated with survival. The most common site of trauma was the limbs in 790 patients (94.6%). The type of trauma was blunt in 729 patients (87.3%) and 106 patients (12.7%), and the most common cause of trauma in 602 cases (72.1%) was vehicle accidents, while the least common causes were work-related accidents, explosion/lightning, and electric shocks (n=30; 3.6%). In addition, the mean severity of head, face, abdomen, upper limb, lower limb, and superficial anatomy injuries of the subjects was estimated at 22.66 ± 13.64, and the mean severity of head, face, abdomen, limbs, pelvis, and chest injuries of the subjects was 21.62 ± 14.23. The mean total duration of emergency services was one hour and 21 minutes (standard deviation: 33 minutes), and the mean duration of release operations was 25 minutes (standard deviation: 11 minutes). To investigate the influential factors in survival, a logistic regression model was used along with the inter-method reliability, and the variables affecting survival were analyzed by the regression model. According to the findings, the injury severity score (ISS; P=0.001) was significant in the regression model. In other words, a one-unit increased in the ISS reduced the chance of survival in the injured by 0.86. Furthermore, the chance of survival in the injured who had normal pupil and heart conditions was three and four times higher, respectively.

 Proper and timely methods of diagnosis and treatment of trauma (especially the prevention of these injuries) are paramount. Due to the high prevalence of traffic accidents as the main cause of such injuries, cultural and social structures should be corrected in the field of driving and transportation improvement. Diagnosis of the severity of the injuries plays a key role in effective patient care and leads to reduced mortality and morbidity due to major trauma. Given the large number of road accidents, efforts must be made to develop the necessary care and protocols to prevent death following trauma in proportion to the severity of the patientchr('39')s injury. This requires the cooperation of various institutions, including the police, roads, and urban development.

Past studies have shown that people's spiritual experiences can play a prominent role in their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual experiences with life expectancy and death anxiety in burned patients.

In a cross-sectional study, burned patients aged 16-80 years referred to Velayat hospital in Rasht, Iran, who suffered burns more than 20% of whole body surface or/and burns more than 10% of head and face surface were included using available sampling method. Data collection tools were 4 questionnaires including demographic characteristics, Snyder's Hope Life Questionnaire, Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with burn patients.

There was a statistically significant positive relationship between spiritual experiences and life expectancy; so that patients with stronger spiritual experiences had higher life expectancy. There was also a significant inverse relationship between burn extent and death anxiety. By controlling demographic variables, a statistically significant relationship was observed between spiritual experiences with death anxiety and life expectancy.

The results of this study showed a positive and significant relationship between life expectancy and patients' daily spiritual experiences. It seems that in order to enhance the positive effects of life expectancy in care programs for burned patients, things such as support, facilitation, and attention to the spiritual desires and needs of patients should be considered.

One of the most effective treatments in the case of curing the patients with advanced renal failure is kidney transplantation. Decades have passed since kidney transplants have begun in Iran and Kermanshah. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of Kermanshah province in comparison with other provinces and the whole country in the field of kidney transplantation.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, survival rate of patients after the transplantation and the transplanted kidney survival were investigated based on Iranian valid sources of information such as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and internationally validated databases such as PubMed, ISI and Science Direct from 2000 to 2019 surveyed. Keywords of kidney transplantation, survival rate, transplant survival rate, Kermanshah, Iran, and a combination of them were used and analyzed by Random Effects Model.

In 33 studies, 21113 samples were evaluated. Survival rate of 1, 3 and 5 years in patients undergoing renal transplantation in Kermanshah province during the period of 2000-2019 is lower than in other provinces. Also, in Kermanshah province, 1, 3, 5 and 10 years survival rate of all kidney transplants was lower than other provinces.

In Kermanshah, Survival rate of patients and transplant survival in patients is lower than other regions of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to effective factors in increasing survival of transplant recipients and transplant kidneys as well as increasing renal transplantation studies.

Kidney transplantation is a treatment of choice in most of the patients with end-stage of renal disease (ESRD). The patient and graft survival rates are important issues for these patients and results are different in various centers throughout the world. To determine the patient and graft survival rate after kidney transplantation during a period of 10 years among transplanted patients in Khouzestan Province, Iran. In this study, all recipients of kidney transplantation including 275 patients (age 8-70 years) between 2008 and 2018 who had records in Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were included. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the survival rate and Cox regression model to define the hazard ratio. The one-year patients and graft survival rates were 95.8% and 97.6% ,the five-year patient and graft survival rates were 90.4% and 96.3% and ten-year patients and graft survival rates were 88.2% and 92.5% respectively. The incidence of diabetes was significantly associated with the patient survival rate(P=0.0001) and pre-transplant dialysis was associated with graft survival (P=0.025). In this study, the survival rate was independent of the type of donor and recipient characteristic (OR=2.86; CI: 1.26-6.50; P=0.012). Results of this study demonstrated that 1, 5 and 10-year patients and graft survival rates were appropriate in the kidney transplant center of Khuzestan and shows remarkable improvement over the past years. Diabetes was a significant predictor of survival in recipients of kidney transplantation and this issue should be considered in order to increase the survival.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer death globally. This cancer ranks first and fourth in Iranian men and women, respectively. Assessment of survival rate and factors influencing it will make it possible to determine the burden of disease in the population and the relationships between different factors and the survival rate. The present study was performed to estimate the survival rate and determine its prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In this study 930 cases of gastric cancer were investigated during the period 2011-2012 and the first half of 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to determine the survival rate and compare survivor functions, respectively; for data fitting A Cox’s proportional hazards model was used. The data were analyzed using the Stata v.11 software The average age of the patients (more than 69% males) was 66.43±12.5 years. The one-, three- and five-year survival rates were 37%, 14% and 11%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (p=0.01) and tumor metastasis (p=0.001) were the most important prognostic factors. While the survival rates in gastric cancer patients in the West Azarbaijan province, Iran were very low, a significantly higher survival rate was observed in younger patients with no tumor metastasis.

Cartilage grafts are used in plastic surgery in restorations that require strength. Due to varying degrees of strength in these regenerations, cartilage grafts from different sources are used in block, crushed, and diced forms. The aim of this study was to compare the survival rate of in crushed, diced, and block autograft cartilage forms of rabbit ear. This study was performed on 36 New Zealand white male rabbits weighing 2000 to 2500 grams and aged 12 to 16 weeks. The cartilage of the right ear of each rabbit was harvested, and three graft samples of crushed, diced, and block forms were obtained. The grafts were put in three separate subcutaneous envelopes adjacent to the rabbit’s backbone. After 3 months, the specimens were removed, stained with hematoxylin and eosinophil (H & E), and histologically examined. The mean graft weight increased in all groups using crushed, diced, and block cartilage forms, but it was not statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the different methods in terms of the amount of fibrosis (P = 0.002), ossification (P < 0.001), and chondrocyte (P = 0.002); so that the percentage of the live chondrocytes was significantly higher in the block group. Results show that block cartilage grafts are more reliable than diced and crushed types in the formation of various facial and nasal regions.

In recent decades, the survival rates of the children with cancer have improved significantly and their five-year survival rates have reached 80%, but there are still many concerns about the survival of adolescents and young people.
Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, the data of 310 children and adults with leukemia in Kurdistan Province were extracted from their medical records. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed through calculating hazard ratios using Cox relative risk model. Data analysis was carried out using Stata 12 software.
This study included 201 adults with mean age of 50.8 years and 109 children with mean age of 5.2 years. The frequency of AML was higher in the adults (30.8%), while the frequency of ALL cases was higher in the children (86.2%). The respective one-year and five-year survival rates, were 94.4% and 49.5% in the adults, and 92.6% and 83% in the children. The hazard ratios (HR) were 5.18 (95% CI: 2.60-13) in the adults with ALL and 4.11 (95% CI: 1.55-10.4) in the adults with AML, and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.05-7.37) in the patients with CML. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the rate of mortality in children with ALL was lower (HR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.77).
Timely diagnosis and provision of treatment services for the patients are recommended. Considering the high rate of survival in the patients with ALL especially in children, we recommend provision of appropriate treatment facilities and palliative care services, similar to those in other countries, for the patients with different types of leukemia with high rates of mortality.

Oral cancer as the most common cancer of head and neck region holds the eighth rank among all cancers in order of prevalence. More than 90% of oral cancers are of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The main objective of this study is the determination of the survival rate in patients with oral SCC and the factors influencing thereon.
In this study, 174 recorded cases of patients with oral SCC were evaluated. Required data on survival of patients were gathered by phone calls. Using software SPSS 20, the statistical analysis of data was carried out. The survival rate of the patients and the corresponding influential factors were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression tests, respectively.
57.6% of the patients were male. The age of the patients ranged between 22-89 years with the average onset age of 61.5 years. The most common site of oral SCC was tongue. The overall five-year survival rate of the patients was 49.4%±0.05. The survival rate had a statistically significant relation with age of the patients and their treatment methods, including surgery or chemotherapy.
The prevalence of oral SCC is higher in men and overall survival rate decreases with increasing age of the patients. Due to the low survival rate of oral cancer patients, more attentions should be paid to this condition.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the most commonly used treatment methods for the patients with end stage renal failure. In recent years, the mortality rate of patients under this treatment has decreased; however, long-term survival is still an important challenge for health systems. The present study aimed to predict the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
In this retrospective study, according to the difference of relative importance of demographic characteristics, laboratory data, dialysis adequacy parameters and nutritional status in various patients, the factors affecting the survival of peritoneal dialysis patients have been identified by random forest algorithm. Then, the clinical and laboratory data of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment were evaluated retrospectively from July 1996 to April 2014 in 18 peritoneal dialysis centers, using multi-class one against all support vector machine (OAA-SVM) and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine (MBT-SVM) algorithms.
3097 patients were studied with the mean age of 50.63±15.67 years and average follow-up time of 24.48±19.13 months. The results of the random forest algorithm have identified 35 factors as the most important predictors of peritoneal dialysis patient’s survival. Then, the prediction of peritoneal dialysis patients’ survival status was evaluated using one against all support vector machine and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithms in 5 classes of patients including “still on peritoneal dialysis”, “transferred to hemodialysis”, “received a kidney transplant”, “died” and “improved kidney function”. The reliability of survival prediction algorithms were 51.99% and 89.57% respectively.
An accurate prediction model would be a potentially useful way to evaluate patients’ survival at peritoneal dialysis that increased clinical scrutiny and timely intervention could be brought to bear. So, in this research, the multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithm has a high precision in predicting the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients considering multiple evaluation indices and different class distribution functions.

AIDS is one of the most important causes of death among adults. The effect of prognostic factors on HIV-positive patients has not been properly investigated, but it can be estimated by retrospective studies. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the survival rate among HIV-positive and AIDS patients as well as identifying important survival factors in these patients in Isfahan province.
The present study is a retrospective cohort study, in which the information of 594 HIV-positive patients of Isfahan province, were extracted from behavioral diseases counseling center and recorded in checklist. The patient's survival period for tow outcomes of the time interval between diagnosis to the progression to AIDS stage and the time interval between progression to AIDS and death, were drawn using life table and Kaplan-Meier graph. The effect of several prognostic factors on the survival time was investigated with cox proportional regression. Cox regression model was used to examine the simultaneous effect of variables on the survival time. The significance level was considered p Out of total 594 studied patients, 504 subjects (84.8%) were male and 50.8% were in the age group of 25-34 years. The main route of transmission was intravenous drug use (70.2%). The one-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates after diagnosis were 97%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. The risk of death in patients with tuberculosis co-infection, was 2.1 times higher (CI, 95%: 1.35, 3.11) than patients with no history of tuberculosis. The risk of death in patients with a history of imprisonment was 12.1 times higher (CI, 95%: 1.69, 17.86).
based on the results of this study, the survival rate of HIV-positive patients in Isfahan province was favorable compared to other studies. Tuberculosis comorbidity as well as a history of imprisonment are also among the most important prognostic factors for survival time in the patients. Therefore, it is necessary that imprisoned patients have appropriate and favorable access to care and treatment services.

In recent years, dental implants have received special attention in dentistry. Due to the remarkable success of predictable dental implants, there is growing interests in the scientific community from descriptions of implant success toward identify factors associated with implant failure. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with implant failure in an objective and statistically valid manner.
To address the research purposes, we used a cohort study in which a total of 2368 implants were placed on 1011 patient in the Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The predictor variables included demographic variables, the health status and variables are related to implants. The outcome variable of interest was implant failure. The overall implant survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. First, risk factors were identified using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test and then the Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for more analysis.
The overall 39 month implant survival using the Kaplan-Meier function was 0.99±0.002. The implant location (jaws) (P=0.049) and type of teeth (P=0.011) were found to have significant relation with failure times in Cox proportional hazard model.
According to result of this study, both implant location and type of teeth had effection the failure times so that, the survival in mandible was higher than maxilla. The failure rate was higher in anterior teeth than that of others (molar, premolar, canine and primary).

Background and The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the implant survival rates and the length and diameter in disabled veterans attending Qazi Tabatabai Dental Clinic, Tehran, Iran during 2000-2010.
A retrospective study was conducted in 181 disabled veterans referring to Qazi Tabatabai Clinic. They received 1,255 implants from three different manufacturers including 3i (Riverside drive, Palm Beach, Gardens, F1, USA), Xive (Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), and BH (Goteborg, Sweden). The length of implants was classified as short (8-10 mm), medium (11-13 mm), and long (14-15 mm), and the diameter was classified as narrow, regular, and wide. The data analysis was performed using the R statistical software. To evaluate the impacts of the implant length and diameter on its survival rate, the frailty parametric model, with exponential distribution as baseline hazard and gamma distribution as frailty was used.
The mean age and injury rate of the patients were 49.47±5.61 years and 42.98%, respectively. In addition, the estimated medians of survival time for 3i, Xive, and BH implants were 76.15, 79.06, and 77.94 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between the survival rate and type of implant (P=0.353). Regarding the implant length, the 3i implant with with long length (14-15 mm) and the Xive implant with medium length (11-13 mm) had the lowest (88%) and highest success rates (97.8%), respectively. According to the frailty model, the higher length and diameter in 3i and Xive implants were associated with higher failure rates; but this condition was not observed in BH implants.
We found a significant relationship between implant failure and short length implants. However, no relationship was observed between failure of implant and its diameter.

Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Annually 1430000 cases would be diagnosed and half of these people would die of the disease. In Iran, colorectal cancer is the fifth common cancer among men and is the thirdamong women. This study was designed to estimate survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer and related factors.
During the 1384 to 1388 years 24,807 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recorded in the Cancer Registry of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, place of residence, tumor diagnosis, the clinical and demographic factors in colorectal cancer as effective on survival entered in Aalen’s additive hazard model and diagram Aalen's was used to study the effects of these factors over time. R 3.2.0 software was used for data analysis.
Stage of tumor had a significant association with survival rates. In this study 1 to 5 year survival rate for patients with stage II tumors, was 100%, 98%, 96%, 93% and 93% respectively and for patients with stage III tumors 99%, 97%, 94%, 90% and 84%, respectively.
In spite of using Cox model in survival analysis by many researchers, Aalen’s model may yield new insights in prognostic studies of survival time of patients with colorectal cancer over time. Our results suggest that early detection of patients in primary stage is important to increase survival.

Graft survival has been considered the major problem in reconstructive surgery. Clinical studies have helped us to understand the role of PRP in increasing skin survival. Our goal in this study was to examine the treatment effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on autologous full thickness skin graft survival in male rats.
This experimental study was performed on 36 rats of Sprague-Dawley race with weighing approximately 250 to 300 gr on May 2015 in animal laboratory of Hazrat Fatima Hospital. After anesthesia, rats were divided into 3 groups. We injected platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the first group, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the second and saline in the third group after removing the skin. Microscopic analysis was performed with camera (Canon powershot SX200, Tokyo, Japan) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after surgery. We used image analysis system (ImageJ, ver. 1.45) to examine necrosis and survival rate. Samples were studied with H&E staining on day 28 microscopically for histological analysis of vascular density and angiogenesis.
Our findings showed the area of necrosis in animals injected with PRP on days 7 and 14, was meaningfully less than control group (P= 0.0001). There was no meaningful difference between control and PRP groups (P> 0.05). The area of necrosis in animals injected with PRF did not have any significant difference with control group from beginning to 21st day (P According to our results in this study, we can conclude that using autologous PRP can enhance the process of healing soft tissue injury and be affective at increasing graft survival. This method is suggested to be conducted for patients highly at risk of graft loss and also for those who are in need of early treatments.

Glioma is a type of brain tumor that occurs in the brain and spinal cord and is derived from glial cells. Frequency, survival and response to therapy in these tumors are dependent on age and sex. The survival rate varies from several months to years. In the current study, 3-year survival rate in patients with all kinds of glioma tumors who were hospitalized in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in the years 2001-2010 were evaluated. In the current study, the target population was the patients with all kinds of proven glioma who had resection surgery. The volume of the population was determined as all the patients with all kinds of glioma tumors in the years 2001-2010, who were operated in Alzahra hospital. The total number of patients was 490. Inclusion criteria were patient’s tendency for participation in the study, the accuracy of the patient’s basic information in the archive documents and lack of death at the hospital, in pre-, intra- and postoperation periods. According to these criteria, only 221 were eligible for inclusion. The information such as name, family, age, gender, tumor type, treatment type and telephone number were extracted from the list of the patients. The patients were contacted and questionnaires were completed. Microsoft Excel software was used for data analysis, so that its data were the number of people with any type of tumor, age, sex of the patients and the three-year survival rate of any tumor. The three-year survival was 8.7% in glioblastoma multiform, 100% in diffuse astrocytoma, epondymoma and pilocytic astrocytoma, 95.2% in oligodandroglioma, and zero in anaplastic astrocytoma. In this study, surgery plus radiotherapy in diffuse astrocytoma, oligodandroglioma and epondymoma increased three-year survival rate. In pilocytic astrocytoma surgery, as the first treatment, increased the three-year survival. In the case of glioblastoma multiform and anaplastic astrocytoma, surgery plus radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy briefly play role in increasing the survival rate.