جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "نگرش" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Indoor air quality is a critical factor influencing the health and well-being of individuals in society, as polluted indoor air can lead to various diseases. Consequently, this study examined the awareness, attitudes, and performance of health workers in Khorramabad City, Iran, concerning indoor air pollution, as well as the correlation of these factors with demographic variables.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 using a researcher-developed questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of health workers in the health centers of Khorramabad City. A total of 149 individuals from the Khorramabad health center participated in the study, and after receiving education, 140 of them agreed to complete the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient via SPSS software.

Health workers' performance regarding indoor air quality had the highest score of 60.50, while the scores for attitude and knowledge were 51.85 and 17.82, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance between men and women (P > 0.05). The level of education had a significant relationship with the average scores of knowledge and performance. Consequently, the highest scores in knowledge, attitude, and performance were observed among individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between the scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance with age or work experience.

Given the limited awareness among health workers regarding indoor air pollution, coupled with their significant role in disseminating health information to the community, it is essential to conduct training courses on this topic to enhance the knowledge of health workers.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming numerous fields, particularly healthcare. In Iran, where AI is an emerging discipline, there is a notable gap in knowledge and understanding in this area. This study aimed to explore medical students' acceptance, knowledge, attitudes, and readiness regarding medical artificial intelligence.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 medical students selected through convenience sampling. The study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising four sections: demographic characteristics, readiness (22 items rated on a five-point Likert scale), acceptance (28 items rated on a five-point Likert scale), knowledge (8 items rated on a three-point Likert scale), and attitude toward artificial intelligence (13 items rated on a five-point Likert scale). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Pearson correlation tests, and regression analysis. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The findings indicated that the mean levels of readiness (50.66±84.13), knowledge (23.17±27.3), and acceptance (25.95±63.14) were moderate, while the mean attitude level (51.46±01.6) was good. A direct and statistically significant relationship was observed among readiness, knowledge, acceptance, and attitude toward artificial intelligence (P<0.05), except for the relationship between readiness and attitude, which was not statistically significant (P=0.516). Regression analysis showed that attending artificial intelligence training courses (Beta=22.5, P=0.013) and knowledge about artificial intelligence (Beta=0.41, P<0.001) were strong predictors of readiness for medical artificial intelligence. These relationships remained statistically significant in both simple and multivariate linear regression analyses. Additionally, artificial intelligence usage and acceptance were identified as independent predictors of readiness in simple linear regression.

Medical students at Babol University of Medical Sciences showed a positive attitude toward artificial intelligence, indicating its growing relevance in medical education. These findings suggest that education planners should focus on improving students’ knowledge, readiness, and acceptance of AI through well-structured courses and training programs. Such efforts could help better prepare students for the increasing role of AI in healthcare.

Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the main causes of death and an important health care problem. It is important for nurses to acquire the cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills and know the latest changes in the CPR guidelines. The present study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Ardabil, Iran, regarding the 2020 CPR guidelines.

In this descriptive study, 360 nurses and EMTs working in hospitals affiliated to the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2022 were included by stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done using a questionnaire that surveyed the demographic characteristics and measured the knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test, ANOVA, and t-test.

Participants included 176 females (48.9%) and 184 males (51.1%). In overall, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 15.42±4.07 (out of 25), 45.75±8.73 (out of 56), and 95.18± 16.65 (out of 120), respectively. A significant difference was observed in the scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance based on gender, where males had higher scores than females (P<0.05).

The knowledge of nurses and EMTs in Ardabil regarding the latest CPR guidelines is not enough, which requires special attention and providing continuous training and education to them. The knowledge of males was higher than that of females, which requires special attention to the education of female nurses and EMTs in Ardabil.

Work and activity in the psychiatry department affect the scope of people's thinking and judgment and their performance. Considering that similar studies in this field are limited in the country and there has been no study in this field in South Khorasan province, this study aimed to compare the state of attitude, fear, and stigma towards psychiatric disorders in medical interns before and after training. It was in the psychiatric ward.

The present study is descriptive and comparative. Our study population was the students of the psychiatry department in the academic year 1401-1402. In this study, the abbreviated form of the OMI questionnaire was used to evaluate students' attitudes regarding psychiatric disorders, the stigma questionnaire of health care providers (OMS_HC) was used to assess stigma, and the Lerary negative evaluation short form questionnaire was used to assess fear.

The average score of attitude, fear and stigma among students at the beginning and end of the study was not significantly different from each other (P>0.05). The average changes in attitude, fear and stigma scores according to gender, educational level, marital status, place of residence of students did not differ significantly from each other (P>0.05).

The educational programs of the psychiatry department do not lead to the reduction of astigma, fear and increase of students' attitudes compared to the beginning of the study in medical students. The training program for medical interns in the psychiatry department should be revised.

A nurse is considered as an important member of the care team, whose attitude towards patients at the end of life has an important impact on how they provide care. The results of studies have shown different attitudes towards providing end-of-life care by nurses in different cultures.

A descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses (n=250) working in Kashan in 2023 who were randomly selected. Questionnaire of demographic information and attitude towards end-of-life care, job satisfaction and professional commitment in the form of self-reporting by the completed sample and data in SPSS software version 22 by independent t-test, Chi-Square and linear regression was analyzed. A statistically significant value of less than 0.05 was considered.

The findings showed that 177 (73.8%) samples were women and the mean age was 34.78±6.68 years with a mean overtime hour of 137.4±7.54 per month. The mean score of the attitude towards end-of-life care was 105.14±15.95, which was higher than the average, and no statistical difference was observed based on demographic characteristics (p<0.05). The results of the regression test also showed that the variables of age, overtime hours and job satisfaction are predictors of attitude towards end-of-life care (R2: 0.0103, Adjusted R Square: 0.059; p<0.05).
Discussion and

We conclude that the attitude of nurses towards end-of-life care is optimal and the variables of age, overtime hours and job satisfaction can predict a positive attitude towards providing these cares to be. Therefore, paying attention to the factors that increase job satisfaction can improve the attitude towards providing end-of-life care and relieve the pain of patients in the end-of-life stages.

Fertility is a key demographic factor influencing population fluctuations. There is a global trend toward delaying childbearing, and Iran is also undergoing significant changes in this regard. This review study examines the factors influencing childbearing and associated obstacles from 2010 to 2022.

This systematic review utilized PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Web of Science databases to analyze articles published in both Farsi and English from 2010 to 2022. The keywords in both Persian and English included childbearing, attitude, women, reasons, fertility, and obstacles. All studies related to obstacles and factors influencing childbearing published in English between 2010 and 2022 and in Persian up to 2022 were included. In this review, the population (P2) refers to married women, intervention (I3) to the effective factors, comparison (C4) is not applicable given this study's reporting nature, and outcome (O5) refers to childbearing. The search within each database was conducted using title searches, with standardized MeSH terms such as childbearing, attitudes, women, reasons, fertility, and obstacles, combined with operators (e.g., AND, OR) to ensure comprehensive retrieval.

The search yielded 1,254 articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria after applying entry conditions, availability of article files, and removing duplicates. Factors such as social and cultural status, urban versus rural residence, educational level, and individuals’ religious and ethnic beliefs significantly impact couples’ decision-making regarding childbearing. Additionally, governmental policies, including support for pregnant mothers, play an influential role.

Analysis of the 1,254 articles showed that economic, social, and cultural factors are significant social determinants of fertility. Ethnic background, education level, family orientation, religiosity, age at marriage, government policies, place of residence, and occupational status were identified as factors influencing childbearing. Religious and traditional values tend to increase fertility rates, especially among families with lower socioeconomic status. Educational programs aimed at improving beliefs and attitudes, promoting positive social norms, and strengthening empowerment skills may significantly enhance Iranian women’s reproductive intentions and behaviors. The findings of this study provide guidance for health policymakers in addressing obstacles to childbearing and supporting population growth in Iran. Additionally, by fostering favorable socio-economic conditions and recognizing diverse fertility behaviors across regions and cultures, reproductive health and pregnancy programs can better align with population growth policies.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sudden shift towards the use of online teaching method in medical education. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical students towards the online learning of physiology at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).

This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2021. The study population consists of all students of the School of Medicine (semesters 2-4) at AJUMS. Data collection tools included a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire with a content validity index of 0.80-1 and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.937.

Among 176 participants, 92 (52.3%) were female and 84 (47.7%) were male, with a mean age of 21.76±1.12 years. The knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding online learning of physiology were relatively favorable and positive. The knowledge and attitude scores were 3.51±0.81 and 4.23±1.07, respectively. The mean knowledge score was significantly different between male (Mean=3.65) and female (Mean= 4.11) students, but there was no significant difference in the attitude score between male (Mean=4.36) and female (Mean=4.11) groups.

The knowledge and attitude of medical students of AJUMS regarding the online education of physiology during the COVID-19 pandemic is relatively favorable. The results can be helpful for the studies in the future during health-related critical situations.

HIV is one of the human sufferings with its global prevalence and the lack of effective treatment methods. Therefore, education can be considered an effective solution to prevent new cases. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of two educational methods on the knowledge and attitude of third year high school students.

This research is a semi-experimental study in the form of a census of the survey and selection of all possible examples (400) students of third year high school Chalderan city has done. To collect questionnaire data from triploid including demographic information, knowledge and attitude by the research units in the two pre-test and post-test completed, has been used. People under consideration to three lectures, group discussions have been divided. Data collected by the Software spss16 descriptive and inferential statistical tests and analysis have been.

The results showed that knowledge of students before and after training in three groups, lectures and group discussion and control of statistically significant differences existed. (p<0.001) as the group average speech awareness of 17.46 to 20.54 in group lecture, 17.85 to 22.38 in group discussions from 17.31 in the control group has improved to 18.26. Also, significant difference between the level of student attitudes before and after training among the three groups were observed (p<0.05). Comparing the two methods in education and the level of awareness improved of attitudes were significantly different (p<0.05).

The results suggest that despite the impact of two educational methods on knowledge and attitudes of students (the control group), the effectiveness of group discussion has more than lecture and as a more effective way than this study was accepted.

Quality improvement in the field of public health depends on improving the quality of medical education. The national committee for quality improvement has emphasized on creating a transformation in the management and leadership system of medical science education in the Ministry of Health and Treatment. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and predict the attitude towards organizational changes based on the components of transformational and interactional leadership styles in clinical and basic sciences faculty members of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive research conducted in 2019, the statistical population which included all the clinical and basic sciences faculty members teaching at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, the participants were selected from the entire census and available for selection. The Bass multi-factor leadership questionnaire and Dunham scale were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, t and univariate and multivariate regression analysis.

255 clinical and basic science faculty members with an average age of 44.68 ± 7.49 (minimum 28 and maximum 65 years) participated in the present study, 89% of the participants were official or contract faculty members and 11% were professors. 56.5% were faculty members of basic sciences and the rest were clinical. The results of univariate regression analysis indicated that transformational and interactional leadership styles explain 15.3% and 14.7% of the variance or dispersion of attitude scores of clinical and basic medical science professors respectively. The order was not statistically significant (p = 0.387) and (p = 0.979). The results of multivariate or multiple regression analysis (based on transformational and interactional leadership components) also indicated that transformational and interactional leadership style components were 13.5% and 12.7%, respectively. They explain the variance of the scores of attitude towards organizational change in clinical professors and basic sciences of medical sciences, which were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

The components of leadership styles, both transformational and interactional, was not able to predict the attitude towards organizational changes in clinical professors and basic sciences of the University of Medical Sciences.

Ageism develops from childhood, and examining children’s attitudes towards old age can help in understanding the situation and planning for successful aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the content of primary school students' paintings in Izeh city to determine their attitudes towards older adults.

The method of this study was quantitative content analysis. First, 145 students were selected by simple random sampling method in the ages of 6–12-year-old in Izeh city in 2019. Then, 284 elderly male and female characters drawn by these students were included in the study as the analysis unit. The Danowski checklist, the Tree diagram and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage, as well as inferential statistics such as Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of students was 9.28 (±1.85). Analysis of students' drawings showed that although more than half of the drawings (69.4%) portrayed positive stereotypes the grandparents, 88.8% of students did not like getting old and only 23.4% of students had a positive view toward old age. Logistic regression findings showed that being a boy increased the probability of portraying elderly with negative stereotypes by 5 times (OR=5.620; CI=1.34-23.63) and with increasing age more negative stereotypes were observed in students' drawings (OR=1.50; CI=1.03-2.20).

Considering the increase of negative stereotypes among students with increasing age and also more negative stereotypes among boys, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue in educational programming and intergenerational interventions at schools. Early intervention in childhood, can help prevent ageism in the future aging society of Iran.

AIDS is one of the problems of the health system, the control and prevention of which requires improving health literacy and changing the attitude of people in society towards infected patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between general health literacy and AIDS health literacy with the attitude of the population over 18 years old in Najaf Abad city regarding HIV patients.

This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study surveyed 274 individuals from urban and rural areas of the city in 2019, utilizing a multi-stage random sampling method. Participants completed three standardized electronic questionnaires on HIV attitudes, public health literacy, and AIDS literacy. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26, focusing on correlation coefficients and linear regression.

The average age of the participants is 41.72 ± 15.79, and 70.4% were married and 72.26% of the participants were from the middle economic class of the society. The discriminatory attitude towards HIV patients was significantly higher in men than in women (P=0.007). The results showed that gender (P=0.0001), university education (P=0.013), general health literacy score (P=0.011) have an effect on the score of discriminatory attitude towards people with HIV (P > 0.005).

Given the importance of health literacy and its strong link to community attitudes towards HIV sufferers, it is recommended to assess the attitudes and health literacy of the target community at various intervals to plan targeted education and effective interventions.

One significant factor affecting employee performance is high ambient temperature or heat. Numerous studies have highlighted the negative effects of heat stress in various work environments. Therefore, enhancing workers' knowledge and attitudes toward heat stress can improve their performance.

This semi-structured content analysis was conducted among tile industry workers in Yazd city in 2023. Participants engaged in both individual and group interviews. Initially, three unstructured interviews helped identify key points, followed by semi-structured interviews, which served as the primary data collection method. The study's reliability and validity were assessed using Lincoln and Guba.  Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and the findings were organized into main themes and subcategories.

The workers' perspectives on the issue were explored from various angles, leading to two main themes: knowledge and attitude, each with different subcategories. The knowledge theme includes individual and management factors, while the attitude theme encompasses individual and environmental factors.

The tile industry workers in Yazd City demonstrated varying levels of knowledge about heat stress and held attitudes that reflected the negative impacts of this stressor. Factors such as age and education level influenced their knowledge and attitudes. Workers' understanding and attitudes towards heat stress can be achieved through proper training.

Adolescents are crucial and sensitive age group in any society, with their health forming a fundamental basis for the society health. Despite the importance of healthy nutrition during adolescence, most adolescents globally consume less than the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables while increasing their intake of carbonated drinks and high-fat processed fast food. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption among female high school students and the factors influencing these behaviors.

This cross-sectional study included 270 first female high school students from Nehbandan city in 2023, randomly selected using multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire along with knowledge, attitude, and practice assessments, and analyzed using SPSS-23 software utilizing descriptive-analytical statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation.

The average age of the students was 13.9±0.75 years. The mean scores and standard deviations for beverage and vegetable consumption, attitude, and daily performance were 17.76±2.8, 24.68±5, and 3.7±1.5 respectively, with the daily and weekly performance of fruit and vegetable consumption at (3.7±1.5) and 10.28±5.3 respectively. There was a significant relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and factors such as father's occupation, family income, and mother's education (p< 0.05).

The results indicated that while students had favorable knowledge and attitudes towards fruit and vegetable consumption, their actual consumption practices were inadequate. Factors such as attitudes, mother's education level, father's occupation, and income significantly influenced students' fruit and vegetable consumption. Therefore, educational interventions and counseling for mothers on the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption for family health, especially for adolescents, along with government support for low-income families to improve nutrition, are essential.

Laser technology has been employed in various medical fields to alleviate pain and lessen recovery time. In the field of dentistry, it is regarded as an accurate and efficient method to diagnose and perform certain treatments such as dental surgery, root canal treatment, and periodontal tissue treatments. Therefore, with the advent of new dental technology, it is critical to raise dentists' awareness of laser applications. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of specialist assistants and senior general course students toward using lasers in dentistry. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed from 2021 to 2022 in Isfahan School of Dentistry (Iran). The participants were specialist assistants and senior general course students. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the participants toward using lasers in dentistry. The questionnaire included 26 questions regarding knowledge and attitude toward using lasers in dentistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and employing an independent t-test and Chi-square test. The mean score of awareness level was 5.33, and the mean score of attitudes was 49.9, which indicated that students and assistants had an intermediate level of awareness and attitude. Indeed, students and assistants were eager to learn and receive information in this area. The general level of awareness among students and assistants was intermediate, and given their positive attitude toward learning, it seems necessary to place more emphasis on education and awareness for dental students to benefit from this technology.

With the emergence of COVID-19, health literacy became more important for its prevention. Health literacy is important for attaining positive health outcomes in women. This study aims to investigate the relationship between health literacy and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 144 women aged 18-60 years referred to comprehensive health centers in Zahedan, Iran, from September to December 2022. The sampling was done using a multi-stage stratified sampling method based on the entry criteria. To collect data, a sociodemographic form, the knowledge, attitude, practice questionnaire for preventive behaviors against COVID-19, and Savci et al.’s health literacy scale for protection against COVID-19 were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 23.

The mean age of women was 31.74±10.02 years. Most of them had middle school education (64.4%) and were married (90.3%), with a monthly income level of 6-10 million Iranian Tomans (29.9%). Most of them were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine (81.9%). Only 28.7% had a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. Their mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 14.9±2.93, 42.9±6.69, and 32±6.1, respectively. Their mean health literacy score was 39.5±11.08. Educational level, monthly income level, and history of receiving COVID-19 vaccine explained 48% of the variance in health literacy in the first-order regression model, and 61% of the variance in the second-order regression model.

The increase in health literacy, can improve knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding preventive behaviors against COVID-19. In addition, their health literacy for preventive behaviors against COVID-19 is related to their age and education level. It is recommended to use educational programs to increase health literacy for emerging diseases in women from southern Iran. The results of this study can help policy makers in Iran developing health promotion interventions.

Pressure ulcers are one of the most important challenges in hospitals. One of the reasons for its occurrence is the low knowledge and practice of health care professionals. This study aims to determine the effect of online pressure ulcer prevention training on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).

This is a single-group study that was conducted on 73 nurses working in the ICUs of two teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The sampling was done by continuous sampling method from April 2022 to January 2023. The data collectioin tools included a demographic form, the Pieper pressure ulcer knowledge test, the attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention questionnaire, and the practice of pressure ulcer prevention questionnaire completed before and one month after training. To analyze the data, paired t-test was used in SPSS software, Version 22. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean knowledge score was 64.47±10.61 before the intervention and 70.47±10.48 after the intervention. Based on the results of the paired t-test, this difference was significant (P<0.001). Before the intervention, 61.6% of the nurses had positive attitudes, while after the intervention, 56.2% had a positive attitude. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.526). Before the intervention, the practice of 78.1% was poor, while after the intervention, 65.8% had poor practice and 34.2% had good performance. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.493).

Online pressure ulcer prevention training can increase the knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention among ICU nurses. However, it causes no significant change in the attitude and practice of nurses towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. In addition to using social media applications, there is a need to provide face-to-face training to ICU nurses to improve their attitude and practice towards pressure ulcer prevention.

The aim of this study was to assess the tobacco use pattern among senior dental students and their practice and attitude toward the provision of cessation counselling.

This descriptive-sectional study was conducted among the senior dental students of Isfahan during 2023 based on the census sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed and validated using quantitative methods (CVI, CVR). The final questionnaire included 22 questions regarding the pattern of smoking and tobacco use and the following of 5A protocol among dental students and 5 questions to assess their attitude. Data was analyzed using SPSS.v27 and logistic regression and chi-squared tests (α=0.05).

Among 154 participants (response rate =77%), the most common substance consumed was cigarettes with a prevalence of 35.1% and 13% were regular smokers. The prevalence of consumption in men was twice that of women (Odds=2.01, 95% CI=1.01-3). Also, the history of smoking in the family was a significant predictor of smoking in the future (Odds=2.6 (,95% CI=1.3-5.5). In this study, no significant relationship was found between smoking history and student performance in protocol 5A. Among the items related to attitude, smoking history had a significant effect only on the student's belief that smoking is a personal decision (P Value=0.02).

 This study showed that the prevalence of smoking among dental students in Isfahan is relatively similar to the general population and most students have poor performance and knowledge in smoking cessation counseling, which affects their attitude towards smoking cessation.

Household hazardous wastes can pose significant risks to the environment, increase the death rate and dangerous diseases due to their quantity, concentration or physical, chemical, or biological quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge and attitude of health workers (Behvarzes) and health care workers of Ardestan city regarding household hazardous waste management.

This research was a semi-experimental interventional study conducted among 64 healthcare workers of the Ardestan health network in Isfahan province. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered into SPSS version 22 software for statistical analysis and analyzed through Mann-Whitney, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and paired T-tests.

After the training, the average knowledge scores of Behvarzes and health-care workers in the sample group increased from 22.56±1.65 to 26.78±0.66, and their average attitude scores also increased from 89.37±2.67 to 95.31±2.71. The paired T-test showed a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of knowledge and attitude scores in the intervention group before and after the intervention (p<0.05). The independent T-test did not show any difference in this regard according to the gender variable. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the different education groups after the intervention regarding the change in knowledge score or attitude according to education level (p<0.05).

The results of this study showed that the educational intervention for Behvarzes and healthcare workers was effective in raising their awareness and improving their attitudes towards the importance of household hazardous waste managemnt. Considering that the improvement of the household hazardous waste management system requires enhanced public awareness and attitude, as well as effective communication between Behvarzes, healthcare workers, and citizens, city managers can use the method employed in this study to organize regular training programs on household hazardous waste management.

Moral intelligence in nurses is of particular importance due to the human and moral nature of their job and profession. Moral intelligence can provide a rule for the correct functioning of humans and is considered a predictive factor of behavior. The moral intelligence of nurses refers to their ability to distinguish right from wrong and adhere to ethical principles. Nurses with higher moral intelligence show more commitment to patient safety and adherence to professional protocols and have a more positive attitude toward patient safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and attitude towards patient safety in nurses working at Shahid Sadoughi Teaching Hospital in Yazd in 2023.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical one conducted cross-sectionally in 2023. The statistical population included 237 nurses working in Shahid Sadoughi Teaching Hospital, Yazd, who were selected by stratified random sampling. Two standard questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS24 using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The average moral intelligence of the studied nurses was 135.22 ± 22.30, and the average attitude of the nurses towards patient safety was 72.65 ± 17.32, indicating high moral intelligence and an average attitude towards patients safety in nurses in Shahid Sadoughi University. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between moral intelligence and nurses' attitude towards patient safety (r = 0.19, p = 0.003).

Moral intelligence plays a role in predicting nurses' attitude towards patient safety; therefore, it seems that by strengthening the moral intelligence of nurses, their attitude towards patient safety can be influenced. To strengthen the moral intelligence of nurses and improve their attitude towards patient safety, professional ethics training, development of critical thinking skills and creation of ethical organizational culture can be used. Also, holding workshops to discuss ethical issues and support from ethical management can strengthen nurses in making ethical decisions and more responsible behavior in the field of patient safety.

Nurses are responsible for a number of important tasks, and this can change the attitude towards fertility due to the interference of family responsibilities as a mother and the professional responsibilities and duties. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of nurses about fertility and childbearing.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2023, in  Imam Jafar Sadegh Hospital in Meybod and Ziyai Hospital in Ardakan, Iran on 155 female nurses selected through available sampling. Data were collected using the Attitudes to Fertility and Childbearing Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.

The mean score was 26.81±5.35 for “child as the base of life” subscale, 14.19±4.67 for “child as a barrier”, 14.50±4.30 for "postponing fertility to the future”, and 10.11±1.94 for “fertility after the fulfillment of preconditions "subscale. Moreover, the overall mean score of the attitudes to fertility and childbearing was 68.85±11.74. Besides, nurses with more than 5 years of work experience with poor economic status, and having one to three children reported a lower attitude score.

According to the results it is recommended to develop training programs to improve their attitude with a focus on explaining the importance of childbearing as the core of life, not considering children as an obstacle, and not postponing fertility to the future.