جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پلاک دندانی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The most effective way to maintain and improve oral health is tooth brushing to physically remove dental plaque. In this regard, this study was conducted to compare the efficiency of the usual method of each person in comparison with different methods of brushing to remove dental plaque.

This study was conducted in 2020, as a randomized and open clinical trial with 72 non-dental male and female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the usual method of tooth brushing with Modified Bass and Scrub Horizontal methods after training was evaluated in two random groups with plaque and gingival indices. Plaque index as a percentage and gingival index as a number (numbers between 0-1 mild inflammation, 1.1-2 moderate inflammation, 2-3 severe inflammation) were reported. The results were analyzed using SPSS25 software and paired t-test and variance equality test.

The efficiency of the usual tooth brushing method in comparison with the two Modified Bass and Scrub Horizontal methods using two indicators of dental plaque and gingival indices was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Each method alone after tooth brushing significantly removed dental plaque (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the usual method of tooth brushing compared to trained methods in removing dental plaque and reducing gingivitis in short-term evaluation was not statistically significant.

Oral health is one of the most important aspects of a healthy lifestyle and its improvement requires the use of appropriate educational methods to improve the level of empowerment of different groups in the society. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of three methods of tooth brushing on Dental Plaque Index of 10-year-old female students in Sanandaj in 2019.

This before-after study was performed on 120 female students in three groups. In each group, Modified Bass technique was trained with one of the following

on the dental model, in person training or play an instructional video. O'Leary Dental Plaque Index was measured at the baseline, immediately after training, 2 and 8 weeks after training. Data were analyzed in SPSS version20 using ANOVA، repeated measure ANOVA. The level of significance for these tests was considered 0.05.

In dental model training  group, Plaque Index was significantly reduced in 8 weeks follow-up  and was more effective than other two methods (P-value =0.001). In the video group, Plaque Index significantly decreased in two weeks follow-up, while showed a slight increase in 8 weeks (P-value =0.001).in In -person education group, Plaque Index did not show a significant decrease in the eighth week after training (P-value=0.452).

In a population of 10 year old girls, Modified Bass technique training on dental model had the best results in reducing dental Plaque Index.

The use of methods with minimal complications and risk is of utmost importance in the promotion of oral hygiene in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of patients under ventilator in the intensive care unit.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 eligible patients who were selected via available sampling method from among trauma patients in the ICU of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Birjand. They were assigned to two groups of chamomile extract 10% (n=25) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (n=25) by block randomization. In each group, the solution was used three times a day every 8 hours for 5 days. The instruments were the Backas Assessment Checklist (BOAS) and the Mucosal Plate (MPS).

In both groups, the mean total score of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque significantly decreased 2 and 5 days after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.001); nonetheless, the two groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean changes in the total scores of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque at different times in the two groups (P>0.05).

Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash have similar beneficial effects on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of ventilated patients admitted to the ICU.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of education of proper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on the dental plaque in high school students.

This study was carried out on 90 high school students who were selected randomly and then divided into three groups. Group one was the first intervention group (VR) that was introduced to oral hygiene through virtual reality training in one session (n=30). Group two was the second intervention group (Verbal) that was introduced to oral hygiene through verbal training in one session (n=30). Group three was the control group that received no training (n=30). Plaque index (PI) was recorded both before and after the intervention (after one month) using Quigley–Hein plaque index. Data were collected and then analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) at a significance level of 0.05.

In the VR group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P<0.001) after the intervention (1.92±0.77) in comparison to the baseline (2.69±0.62). Moreover, in the verbal training group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P=0.014) after the intervention (2.16±0.95), compared to the baseline (2.45±0.91). This difference was significant in the virtual reality and oral education group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Based on the findings, oral health education in general and virtual reality education, in particular, are effective in the removal of dental plaque and improvement of oral health.

The growing interest of health products based on fruits and herbs has led manufacturers of oral health products to focus on fruits and plant products, which can be replaced by conventional chemical products to improve treatment methods and pay attention to the category of preventive dentistry.

In this study, the optical properties of cranberry and Cornus mas tea with Avantes broadband light source in the range of 300-1100 nm were investigated. The quasi-optical light spectroscopy test method includes 4cc of two cranberry and Cornus mas tea, which were prepared from about 1.7 g of dried fruit of these two fruits in 40 ml of 60oC water for 15 minutes. A review of 36 articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google has been conducted by Usage Research from 1994 to 2020 to introduce the use of this fruit in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.

Cranberry and Cornus mas tea, both have a maximum peak spectrum around 759.8 nm and a minimum transmission spectrum around 439 nm. There is an acceptable agreement between the results of the transmission spectrum (in the range of 300-1100 nm) and the absorption spectrum (in the range of 400-750 nm). Cranberries, like Cornus mas, are chemically rich sources of antioxidants and anthocyanins.

Spectroscopic studies in terms of optical interpolation features showed that the two fruits were not significantly different. Studies of chemical properties also suggest that polyphenols with anticariogenic properties and anthocyanins by inhibiting interleukins, reduce the use of antibiotics to prevent and treat periodontal disease, prevent bacterial resistance in they oppose dental treatments using antibiotics. Therefore, there is no significant difference between these two fruits in terms of photochemical properties, which shows that these two fruits can be a good alternative for each other in terms of health and treatment in oral use.

Dental plaque is a biofilm that is formed on the surface of the tooth. Carious lesions are caused by inappropriate ecological changes in microbial flora of the plaque biofilm. In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus casei bacteriocin, isolated from dairy products, was investigated on Streptococcus salivarius biofilm formation.

In this experimental study, MRS Broth and MRS Agar medium were used to isolate three strains of Lactobacillus casei probiotic from milk samples under microaerophilic conditions. The initial identification of Lactobacillus casei was performed by sugar fermentation and other biochemical tests. Then, 16SrRNA encoding gene was confirmed by PCR and sequenced. At last, Bacteriocin was isolated by ammonium sulfate sedimentation and its molecular weight was measured by SDS-PAGE and the antimicrobial activities were investigated. The Streptococcus salivarius were isolated from dental plaque and phenotypically and biotypically identified. Molecular confirmation of the isolates was performed using gtfK specific gene by PCR. The ability to form Streptococcus salivarius biofilm and the effect of bacteriocin on biofilm formation were measured by microtiter plate.

After partial purification of Lactobacillus casei probiotic from dairy products, two LC3 and LC1 protein samples formed bands (35-40 kDa and about 75 kDa, respectively). The supernatant fluid from the cultivation of Lactobacillus casei and bacteriocins showed antibacterial effects against Streptococcus salivarius isolates from dental plaque and the formation of biofilm by this bacterium.

According to this study, bacteriocin and supernatant fluid from Lactobacillus casei cultures could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus salivarius and also reduced biofilm formation, so, it could be used in oral care products.

Chlorhexidine is the gold standard of dental plaque prevention. This clinical study assessed the use of a herbal mouthwash (containing thyme, Mentha piperita, and Tanacetum balsamita) to eliminate the negative effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on crown lengthening post-operative healing.

Patients were randomly assigned to four groups (n=15) according to the use of different mouthwashes: chlorhexidine, herbal, herbal-chlorhexidine, and normal saline. Modified gingival index (MGI) and plaque index (PI) were measured on the day of surgery. After two weeks, indices of mouthwash flavor, mouthwash preference, parotid gland swelling, tongue discoloration, staining index (SI), plaque index (PI), and modified gingival index (MGI) were measured. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at 5% level.

As evidenced by the obtained results, herbal mouthwash significantly improved gingival inflammation and plaque indices (p < /em>= 0.008). Nevertheless, it demonstrated no significant difference with chlorhexidine mouthwash (MGI: 0.656 and PI: p < /em>=0.080). Furthermore, none of the adverse effects similar to chlorhexidine mouthwash was observed in the patients who used herbal mouthwash.

In comparison to chlorhexidine, herbal mouthwash has fewer side effects on parotid swelling indices, discoloration of the tongue and teeth, and taste improvement. It has also positive effects on the improvement of GI and PI indices similar to the chlorhexidine group; therefore, it can be alternatively used instead of chlorhexidine.

Oral and dental diseases are one of the most important problems of today’s society. To reduce the cost and outcomes of these diseases, prevention and control of plaque is of high importance. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of conventional and video education methods on children’s dental health. This interventional study was performed on 66 male elementary school students in Qomrood village in 2018. The students were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of conventional and video education methods. The amount of plaque index and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded in checklist before and after 2 weeks of education. The data were analyzed by independent and paired t-tests. In the conventional group, the mean plaque index before the intervention was reported to be 58.66±16.95 and after intervention 18.60±10.76; also, the mean BOP was 1.28±1.97 before intervention and 0.16±0.46 after intervention. In video education group, the mean plaque index before the intervention was 53.84±14.08 and after intervention 19.29±10.91, and the mean BOP was obtained 1.68±3.71 before intervention and 0.31±0.76 after intervention. The result of paired samples t-test showed the changes of both group were significant, but the result of independent samples t-test, there was no significant difference between the changes of the two groups. According to the results of this research, both methods of conventional education and video education have significant effect on reduction of plaque index and BOP, but, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these methods.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology. One of the most common manifestations of patients with oral lichen planus is gingival involvement in the form of generalized erythematous areas. The aim of this study was to review the articles evaluating the role of plaque control on the gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus. Motor searches of Ovid Medline and EM base databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched for article published between January 1990 and December 2017 using of relevant key words. After reviewing the abstracts of articles, 20 full articles were selected and among them, 7 relevant articles were reviewed in this study. From the literature, it was concluded that effective plaque control is the main part of lesions treatment and improvement of symptoms and gingival manifestations of oral Lichen planus.

Oral and dental diseases such as dental caries and gingivitis are common problems in human societies. The formation of biofilms is considered as a very important mechanism of disease by these bacteria. The present study is an overview of these infectious diseases and their bacterial etiology, the mechanism of formation and role of dental plaque biofilm in the development of these infections and vaccination against dental caries is a new research field for dealing with these oral-dental diseases. In the current review paper, relevant articles were collected at Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases from 1995 to 2017 and reviewed over a period of 2 months. Articles related to the role of bacterial biofilms in oral and dental diseases were used to write this research. As a result of the review of articles, it was seen that bacteria are one of the main causes of oral and etiology infections. Although the formation of bacterial biofilm at the different dental and oral surfaces is not necessarily related to the disease, but the formation of biofilms is considered as a very important mechanism of disease by these bacteria. The dental plaque biofilm in health condition often consists of non-pathogenic bacteria and humans. However, the in pathogenic biofilms, the levels of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria have increased dramatically and, by creating a stable acidic environment, demineralization occurs more rapidly.

 Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative, curved, oxidase-fermented fermentation agent. This organism has been identified as a typical bacterial strain of cancer. The bacteria are the main cause of many gastrointestinal diseases such as stomach inflammation, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and in particular gastric cancer.  A total of 120 patients with periodontitis referring to Tehran dental clinics were selected from 111 dental plaque samples. Sterile physiology serum was used to transfer the sample. Growth in Brucella agar + 1% starch + 10-7% at 37 ° C and 95% humidity and CO2 concentration of 0.5% in CO2 incubator. In order to identify the molecules, DNA extraction was performed and then the sequences of JW22 and JW23 regions were used for accurate identification. The molecular analysis of the studied genes showed that the prevalence of cagA, cagT, cagE, vacA and hrgA genes showed that the prevalence of these genes was 19% of Helicobacter pylori strains of 3 (57.5%), 1 (0/19%), 2 (34/0%), 1 (19/0%) and 1 (19/0%) respectively. The multiplex PCR method used in this study was able to detect Helicobacter pylori genotypes based on virulence genes. According to the findings of this study, the hrgA genotype and all types of cagA motifs can predict the chronicity of the disease and use the antibiotic resistance pattern appropriate for the design of appropriate treatment protocol, the drug was used to eradicate the disease and prevented the infection from entering the chronic phase.

Mechanical, intermittent and precise microbial plaque is one of the main stages of chronic periodontal disease treatment. Due to the increasing use of herbal toothpaste, this study was conducted to compare the effects of Crest 7 Complete with Silca herbal toothpaste. In this cross-over clinical trial study, 60 dental students (14 males and 46 females) with a mean age of 25.38 ± 1.58 were selected. The plaque index was recorded, scaling and prophylaxis was done. The toothpastes (Silca and Colgate) were randomly assigned to individuals. After 14 days, the plaque index was registered. Scaling and prophylaxis were performed again and the second toothpaste was given. Changes in plaque index were analyzed by Mann-U-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Plaque index for the Crest was 0.91 ± 0.23 and for the Silca was 0.85 ± 0.20 and the difference was not statistically significant ( p< 0.4).The changes in dental plaque for the Crest toothpaste was 0. 81 and for the Silca toothpaste was 0.76, the changes were not statistically significant ( p< 0.4). Within each group, Crest and Silca toothpaste reduced dental plaque respectively from 1.67 to 0.91 (48.5 percent) and from 1.65 to 0.85 (51.5% ) that the changes were statistically significant( p<0.02). Silca herbal toothpaste similar to the Complete crest 7 is effective in controlling dental plaque. and has taste preferance for users.

Given that the effectiveness of mint on a plaque. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of mint mouthwash with chlorhexidine on persons volunteered to be studied Islamic Azad University in Tehran.
The clinical trial cross over- double blind clinical trial was carried out. Initial plaque was recorded, and the samples randomly divided into two groups and they asked to rinse their mouthwash twice a day for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks wash out period, the groups were rotated and they used different mouthwash as the same methods.T he plaque and pigments and acceptance of person were recorded and Mann-U-Whitney test was used.
The stain of those who had used chlorhexidine was (6.05 ± 1.16), and those who used mint mouthwash was (2.18±0.83) (P It seems, Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing microbial plaque is better than mint mouthwash but regarding feeling flavor, no burning sensation and less staining, mint mouthwash had better efficacy.

Clinically, dental plaque is a white or grayish-yellow matter and a flexible concrete with known structure. It plays a crucial role in periodontal disease. Propolis is a natural bee product which has anti-bacterial properties and has been hypothesized as a good material for removal of bacterial plaque and inhibition of gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis on dental plaque and gingival inflammation.
This cross over clinical trial study was conducted on 20 dental students. After examination, all cases received the designated toothpastes either with or without propolis for two weeks. The plaque and gingival indices were examined at baseline and after two weeks of using both types of toothpastes. Independent t test and paired t test was used to analyze the data using SPSS package.
The results indicated that after two weeks there was no significant difference in the PI, but the GI between the two groups was different.
Propolis had no significant effect on the accumulation of bacterial plaque, but in can be used as a good compound to reduce gingival inflammation.

Background and Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the main complications in pregnancy. Periodontitis associated with increase in inflammatory factors is a risk factor in pregnancy. In this study we investigated the relation between periodontitis and related inflammatory mediators and gestational diabetes mellitus. A total of 100 singleton pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 singleton pregnant women with normal glucose level (gestational age >20 weeks) were included. The patients underwent dental examinations and those with periodontitis and gingivitis were identified. Blood samples were taken and ESR and hsCRP were measured in all patients. Data was analyzed in SPSS applying independent t-test and qui square. The prevalence of periodontitis in patients and controls were 36% and 28%, respectively (P= 0.22). All periodontitis were moderate and no severe periodontitis was observed. Gingivitis was seen in both pregnant women with diabetes (74%) and control patients (83%) (P= 0.12). Among the subjects 18% of patients and 22% of the control group had severe gingivitis while others had moderate to mild gingivitis (P= 0.45). Dental plaques were seen in 73% of pregnant women with diabetes and 91% of the control group (P= 0.01). No significant relationship was seen in inflammatory mediators between the individuals with/without periodontitis and gingivitis. In this study, no relationship was found between gestational diabetes, gingivitis, severity of gingivitis, periodontitis, and inflammatory markers. According to the lower levels of dental plaque in pregnant women with gestational diabetes other reasons rather than poor oral hygiene are believed to be involved. Due to higher false positive estimation of probing depth caused by gingival hypertrophy in pregnancy, more precise criteria are needed to investigate periodontitis in pregnant women.

To obtain the effect of natural honey on the effect of Streptococcus mutans, a study was released. This cross-over, clinical trial study was performed on 24 dental students. 2 cc of saliva from two groups were initially made. The honey was held to case group and they were asked to do instruction for a week. The instruction was swishing the honey daily by rate of 5 ml in their mouth for 5 minutes, and then swallowing it. After 2 weeks wash out, switching between the groups was performed and changes in salivary mutans streptococci were determined by statistical analysis with Mann-U-Whitney test. The Streptococcus mutans in the saliva of the control group at baseline was 54250±30482 CFU/ml, and after the intervention, was 37042±27900 CFU/ml (p<0.001). Saliva levels of Streptococcus mutans in case group at baseline were 26000±34667 CFU/ml, which was changed to the rate of 54167±35129 CFU/ml (p<0.001). For estimation of the laboratory reliability‚ 4 cc saliva of 4 students were taken. Each sample was divided in two parts‚ and the entire 8 samples were sent for estimation of Streptococcus mutans colony numbers. The difference between them was 17500±95749 CFU/ml (p<0.04). A pilot study is preferable to estimate the laboratory reliability in order to gaining the best results.

The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for Helicobacter, pylori(H. pylori) that could be responsible for the refractoriness of gastric infection to triple therapy. The data on the role of dental plaque in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori have varied. Furthermore, there has been few reports on the relationship between dental plaque control and H. pylori infection of gastric mucosa. This study evaluated the efficiency of periodontal treatment as a supplement of triple therapy vs. triple therapy alone, in gastric H. pylori eradication. In this single blind, randomized clinical trial, fifty patients were selected randomly into two intervention and control groups, each group contained 25 patients. The Urea Breath Test(UBT) was conducted on total subjects in a period of 8-12 months after triple therapy for both groups and periodontal treatment for intervention group. Poisson regression model and IRR was used in order to find a significant relationship between the two groups. Our results indicated that 80 % of those treated with the combined therapy exhibited successful eradication of gastric H. pylori, compared with 56 % who underwent only triple therapy; however; there was not a significant difference between the two groups(P value=0.167). The adjunction of periodontal treatment to eradication therapy appeared not to reduce gastric H. pylori recurrence compared with eradication therapy alone among patients with gastric diseases associated with H. pylori. It seemed, there was not enough evidence in this field, Therefore, there is a need for to further clinical trials.

Background and Dental caries is a pathological infectious disease. It begins with the formation of dental plaques which is a structurally and functionally organized biofilm. Streptococcus mutans is the most important bacterium in the formation of dental plaque and dental caries. This study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Quercus infectoria galls against Streptococcus mutans. The bacterial strain used in this study was Streptococcus mutans (ATCC: 25923). Extracts were prepared by Soxehlet apparatus and maceration. They were then dissolved in sterile distilled water to a final concentration of 0.16 to 10.00 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined using well diffusion method. The antibiofilm activities of the extracts were examined in a microdilution assay using TTC. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V.18. The methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts of Quercus infectoria galls showed strong inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans. The MIC values of extracts were similar and ranged from 160µg/ml to 320µg/ml, whereas the MBC values ranged from 320µg/ml to 640µg/ml. Aqueous extracts of oak galls did not show antimicrobial activity. The extracts of Quercus infectoria galls strongly inhibited the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms at concentrations higher than 19.5µg/ml. The extracts of Quercus infectoria galls displayed similarities in their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Also, they were found effective in preventing biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. The galls of Quercus infectoria are considered potentially good sources of antimicrobial agent.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative motile spiral-shaped bacterium that is strongly associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recently, dental plaque has been implicated as a possible source of H. pylori infection. Two important virulence factors that are expressed by the alleles of vac A (vacuolating toxin) and cag A (cytotoxin-associated gene A) have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not virulence factor genes vac A and cag A are present in H. pylori retrieved from dental plaque in patients with gastritis. In this cross-sectional study, dental plaque specimens from 42 patients with gastritis, referring to the endoscopy section of a hospital, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of cag A and vac A genotypes of H. pylori. DNA from H. pylori was detected in 4 dental plaque samples. All these 4 samples were vac A-positive and 2 samples were positive for both vac A and cag A genotypes. The pathogenic strains isolated from the dental plaque in the present study suggest it is possible for more than one virulence factor of H. pylori to exist in some patients. However, further studies are required to confirm this finding.