جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "چاق" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Leptin and adiponectin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. Physical activity can improve plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. 

The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases until January 2024. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Mean difference and %95 confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. 

A total of 21 studies with (28 interventions) 816 overweight or obese children and adolescents were meta-analyzed. The results showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in serum leptin [P=0.001, (-0.57 to -0.19) SMD=-0.387] and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [P=0.001, (0.25 to 0.60) WMD=0.430] became overweight and obese compared to the control group. 

In general, the results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that aerobic exercise is an effective and beneficial exercise method for reducing leptin blood circulation and increasing adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Therefore, it seems that types of aerobic exercise may be a non-pharmacological and practical intervention to regulate adipokines and reduce disorders related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Nowadays, osteoporosis is increasing, especially in postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes, including some enzyme factors, such as alkaline phosphatase and blood calcium levels. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of water exercise with Elaeagnus angustifolia supplementation on alkaline phosphatase and calcium serum levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

The current apply quasi-experimental study 42 postmenopausal women living in Qazvin province, Iran, with a mean age of (52.97±5.08) years, a mean weight of (73.95±8.09) kg, and a mean height of (156±5.76) cm, were selected. Then, they were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=10), exercise + placebo (n=10), supplement (n=10), and exercise + supplement (n=12). The exercise included eight weeks of water exercise at an intensity of 60-74% of the maximum heart rate twice a week, and the supplement group received daily oral supplementation of 15 g. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum level of alkaline phosphatase with an ELISA kit and calcium with spectrophotometry method in two stages before and 24 h after the last session exercise. To analyze the differences between groups and within groups, the ANOVA test and paired t-test were used, respectively. The significance level was considered at α=0.05.

 The results of the study showed a significant difference only in serum calcium levels among exercise+placebo (P=0.013), exercise+supplement (P<0.001), and supplement (P<0.001) groups. No significant difference was observed in the other parameres between different groups.

Consumption of supplementation of Elaeagnus angustifolia with water exercise could not affect alkaline phosphatase, and body composition in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

Due to the high prevalence of obesity and fatty liver disease caused by obesity, it is necessary to find an effective and useful solution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks of TRX training on fatty liver enzymes in obese and overweight female.

Totally, 30 overweight and obese female (BMI=33.24±4.7) who had no history of exercise or certain diseases were selected as a purposive sampling. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of TRX training (n=15) and control (n=15). The training protocol included resistance training in the form of TRX suspension training, which was performed three days a week on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, and each session lasted 60 minutes. Body weight, height and levels of liver function tests (LFTs) along with hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were measured 48 hours before and after the training period.

It was found that body weight (p=0.001) and BMI (p=0.001) in the exercise group decreased significantly compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the serum levels of LFTs as well as HSI.

It seems that although TRX resistance training for 12 weeks has a beneficial effect on improving body weight and BMI, this training intervention has no effect on LFTs and HSI in overweight and obese women.

 Obesity, which is defined as a body mass index above the 95th percentile (according to age and sex), is a chronic disease whose prevalence in adults, adolescents and children is increasing and is currently considered a It is considered a global epidemic. In many societies, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased during the last 2 decades. In the United States, the lifetime risk of overweight and obesity in each person is 50% and 25%, respectively. Analysis of the results of studies in 144 countries of the world shows that in 2010, about 43 million preschool children were overweight or obese, of which 35 million are from developing countries and 92 million children are at risk of being overweight. Also, overweight and obesity in preschool children has been increasing rapidly, from 2.4% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010, and it is expected to reach 9.1% in 2020, i.e. reach 60 million children. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is caused by various genetic and environmental factors. As the first place where a child grows, the family is important from various dimensions. Several studies that have been conducted in the field of factors related to obesity in children have indicated the important role of parents in the occurrence of obesity in children. Heredity on the one hand and behavioral and nutritional patterns on the other hand justify this relationship. There is strong evidence that shows that the family lifestyle and eating habits formed in the family play an important role in the type of nutrition and the child's weight; In addition, the mother's obesity probably affects how she responds to the child's needs. In many studies, parental obesity, especially maternal obesity, has a direct relationship with child obesity, and in some studies, it is known to be the most important factor related to childhood obesity. Obesity in children is associated with an increase in morbidity in childhood, so that outpatient visits, hospitalizations and the need for treatment are more in obese children than in non-obese children. In addition, childhood obesity is associated with various complications. These obesity complications include metabolic complications (increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatic Steatosis, gallstones, increased blood insulin, impaired glucose tolerance test), respiratory and cardiac complications (asthma, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, sudden death), orthopedic diseases (degenerative joint disease, slipped epiphysis of the femoral head) and other complications such as proteinuria, infertility, cancer, obesity in adolescence, depression, anxiety and discrimination in the social and work environment. On the other hand, obese children who remain obese in adolescence may become severely obese in adulthood, such that 80% of adolescents who are obese remain obese in adulthood. Abdominal obesity is more common in adolescent girls than in adolescent boys, which is associated with a higher chance of diabetes. Considering the very high prevalence of obesity and the various complications caused by it, and also considering that the studies conducted in the field of metabolic and endocrine complications of obesity in Iran are few, in this study we intend to further investigate the metabolic and endocrine complications in Let's go to the endocrinology clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in Zahedan.

 The inclusion criteria in the study population include obese children aged 5 to 18 years who were referred to the endocrinology clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in Zahedan in 2015. Exclusion criteria are unwillingness to participate in the study, mental retardation or having Syndromic diseases, history of chronic disease, or taking medication. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and frequency were used to describe the data. Also, to analyze the data, the statistical tests of Student's T, Chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used.

 In this study, 60 children with obesity were investigated, 52% were boys and 48% were girls. The average age of the studied children was 9.9 ± 3.0 years (with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 17 years). 5.8% of the children had a BMI between the 85-95th percentile for age and sex, and 94.2% of them had a BMI above the percentile. They had 95% for age and sex. In this study, 57% of children had fatty liver in ultrasound (45% grade 1 and 12% grade 2) and 43% were normal.

 Independent T-test showed that mean FBS, AST, and ALT in boys are significantly higher than in girls. Other parameters were not significantly different in boys and girls. In this study, 57% of the children had a fatty liver ultrasound and 51% of the studied children had precocious puberty. Also, the results showed that 91% of children had normal FBS, 54% normal cholesterol, 33% normal HDL, 73% normal LDL, 40% normal triglyceride, 96% normal AST, 73% normal ALT, 85% normal HbA1C, 30% They had normal insulin, 85% normal TSH, 94% normal T4 and 22% normal vitamin D. The results of the study showed that there are more metabolic complications such as fatty liver and endocrine complications such as Hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia are more common in obese children. Therefore, first of all, it is recommended not to gain a lot of weight in children. If a child is overweight, the endocrine and metabolic effects of obesity should be investigated to be treated faster.

Varicocele is one of the most important causes of male infertility that is affected by various factors including anthropometric indices. Body mass index can change the prevalence of varicocele in men and although there are many studies on the relationship between BMI and the prevalence of varicocele, but no study has reviewed these results, so this review study was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and varicocele in various studies.

In this review study, international databases of Web of Science, Scopous, Proquest and Pubmed and Iranian databases such as Irondoc, Magiran, and SID were searched for findings the studies published between 2000 and 2020 using the related keywords. The full text of selected articles was reviewed by two browsers.

A total of 10 studies were reviewed. These studies examined the body mass index of men and examined the prevalence of varicocele in these individuals. Most studies have shown that obese men and people who reported a higher body mass index had a lower prevalence of varicocele and a high body mass index could be a protective and preventive factor in men.

According to the results of this study, body mass index is associated with the incidence of varicocele and people with low body mass index have higher incidence of varicocele than people with normal body mass index.

Obesity predisposes individuals to functional decline and low self-esteem. Therefore, perceived social support can be a key determinant of individuals' reactions to this phenomenon and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study aimed to compare the association between HRQoL and perceived social support in overweight/obese adults in Tehran, Iran.

A total of 1674 participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, aged ≥20 years, were enrolled in this study. To collect data, the perceived social support, HRQoL, and demographic information questionnaires were used. The participants were categorized into two groups of normal weight and overweight (73.6%), according to the body mass index (BMI).

The mean age of the participants was 47.96±15.25 years, and 57.8% (n=963) of them were female. In both groups of low and high social support, the physical functioning score of HRQoL was significantly higher in normal-weight individuals, compared to their overweight/obese counterparts (OR: 1.94, CI: 1.21-3.10).

After adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors in the group with lower levels of perceived social support, it was found that the likelihood of poor physical functioning, as a component of HRQoL, in overweight/obese individuals was almost twice as high as those with a normal weight.

Background and Objecitve: The current research aimed to determine the factorial structure and reliability of Eating Mindfully Questionnaire (EMQ) among married women with overweight and obesity in Ahvaz.
Subjects and The design of the current research was based on descriptive and factorial analysis. The sample consisted of 200 people recruited using available sampling method according to inclusion-exclusion criteria. The participants answered to the EMQ and the data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment coefficient correlation, Cronbach's α, and exploratory (EFA) and confirmative (CFA) factorial analysis. The analyses were performed using SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 software.
The results of exploratory factorial analysis. EFAindicated 5 factors like the origin questionnaire. Confirmative factorial analysis. (CFA) supported fitness of the 5-factorial model of EMQ. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the factors ranged from.74 to.84 and it was.8 for the total score. The convergent validity coefficient of the EMQ with the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire was satisfying.
According to the results, the EMQ has adequate reliability and validity and it is useable in research and clinical purposes among overweight and obese population.

Considering the increased illness caused by obesity, therapeutic methods for controlling or preventing obesity and overweight are interest to researchers. Meanwhile, the manipulation of appetite hormones by exercise has been studied as a low-risk factor in the health process.
Material and A total of 13 healthy women with overweight or obesity of grade one with an average age of 25 years and an average body mass of 31.23 kg / m2 participated in the study. The test session included 3 stages of blood collection (before the activity 30 minutes and two hours after the activity) to measure the acylated ghrelin (AG) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY 3-36), as well as seven stages of completion of the VAS questionnaire to measure appetite. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and using repeated analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test.
There was no significant difference between the AG and PYY 3-36 post-activity levels compared to baseline (P Changes in appetite hormones are not always associated with changes in appetite. Other factors contribute to the response of these hormones

Adipocytokine resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum resistin concentration and blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid profile, white blood cell, and cardio respiratory function in obese and lean men. In this descriptive-analytical study, thirty-eight obese and lean men were selected. After 12 h fasting, blood samples were collected and general characteristics of the subjects were assessed. Serum resistin concentration was higher in obese than in lean men (P<0.01), and was positively correlated with the insulin resistance index (The Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance) only in obese men (r=0.40, P=0.002). The resistin level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (obese: r=0.34, P=0.008, lean: r=0.31, P=0.004) and white blood cell (obese: r=0.19, P=0.001, lean: r=0.15, P=0.004), while negatively correlated with cardio respiratory function index (VO2max) (obese: r=-0.41, P=0.003, lean: r=-0.36, P=0.005). No significant correlation was observed between the serum resistin level and lipid profile and diastolic blood pressure in the obese and lean men. Only VO2max in lean men (P=0.005), and insulin resistance and VO2max in obese men (P=0.002, and P=0.009, respectively) were predictive of the resistin level. The obese men have higher resistin levels compared to the lean men and this higher level is associated with higher insulin resistance. It seems that the insulin resistance and cardio respiratory function can be predictive of the resistin level.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of the reproductive age.The complications of this syndrome such as Hyperandrogenism, infertility, Hirsutism and pregnancy complications increase in obese women with PCOS. This study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory features of overweight and obese women suffering PCOS with women of normal weight. In this cross-sectional study, 368 PCOS patients were studied. According to the Rotterdam Criteria, they were divided into two groups of equal body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <25. They were compared in terms of age, parity, infertility history, menstrual disorders, family history of diabetes, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and clinical and laboratory symptoms of PCOS. In both groups, the common phenotype was IM/ HA/PCO and the frequent menstrual pattern was Oligomenorrhea (81.2%). In group the overweight and obese group and the normal-weight group, respectively, the mean age was 26.84±5.28 and 25.59±4.66 (p=0.0001), the mean systolic blood pressure was 114.4±11.61 and 106.66±10.02 (p=0.01), the mean diastolic blood pressure was 73.24±8.97 and 67.29±8.36 (p=0.01), infertility was 45.5 % and 22.61% (p=0.0001) and the android obesity incidence was higher in the patients than normal individuals (p=0.0001). Infertility, android obesity and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher in the overweight and obses group than the normal weight group. Therefore, a follow-up for these patients in order to prevent the complications seems necessary.

Visfatin is a secreted protein from visceral adipose tissue that has been linked to obesity and associated with health risk factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of interval endurance rope training on plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in overweight nonathletic adolescents In this semi-experimental study, 36 healthy overweight and obese male adolescents were randomly assigned to experimental (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The experimental group underwent 8 weeks of interval endurance rope training (45 min/d, 4 d/wk). Blood samples were taken before and after the completion of exercise training to assess levels of visfatin, insulin resistance and lipid profiles. Independent T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analysis the data. The results showed that 8 weeks of interval endurance rope training decreased the plasma visfatin, body fat percent, BMI, insulin resistance, waist circumference and triglycerides levels in in the experimental group (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant and positive relationship between visfatin, body fat percent and plasma triglyceride levels (P<0.05). 8 weeks of interval endurance rope training with decreased triglyceride, insulin resistance and obesity induced a significant reduction of plasma visfatin in overweight and obese adolescents.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fasting during Ramadan (as a dietary pattern) and regular aerobic exercise on LCN2، lipid profile and insulin resistance indexes in non-active obese men. This study was a semi-experimental research with a repeated measures design. In this study 18 obese men with a range of 40 to 50 years old and BMI over 30 kg per square meter after a public call among of 70 subjects were selected randomly. Subjects were divided into fasting (N=9) and fasting and exercise (N=9) groups. The first group did only fasting and the second group did exercise for 27 sessionsin addition to fasting. In order to evaluate the changes in the month of Ramadan، blood samples were taken four different times. Repeated measures analysis of variance in the level of p <0/05 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that LCN2 levels in both groups decreased in Ramadan month; however، this reduction was significant only in the fasting and exercise group (p<0/05). Also، both groups had decreased levels of insulin resistance that significant reduction was noticed in the fasting group (p<0/05). In addition، LCN2 levels in the fourth week of Ramadan was significantly associated with levels of insulin resistance in obese men (p<0/05). Results of the research showed that reduced levels of LCN2 by both fasting and exercise may lead to decrease of insulin resistance in obese men.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the causes of death in obese women. This study was conducted to examine the effects of diet، exercise، and both on serum lipids and lipoproteins in obese females. In this study، 45 sedentary and healthy obese females (29. 01±2. 55 y، body mass index 33. 11±1. 66 kg. m-2) were randomly divided into four groups: diet alone (500 kcal less than daily energy expenditure، n=10)، exercise alone (six 60 minute per week 60% - 80% maximum heart rate، n=11)، exercise and diet (250 kcal less than daily energy expenditure، four 60 minute per week 60% - 80% maximum heart rate، n=12)، and control (n=12). Body composition، serum lipids، and lipoproteins were measured in all subjects at baseline and after an 8-week intervention period. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics، which was accomplished by one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD post-hoc test (p<0. 05). Subjects in the diet and exercise group lost 5. 47±0. 6 kg and those in the diet group lost 5. 54±0. 7 kg of their body mass. No significant changes were observed in the exercise group relative to the control group. After 8 weeks of intervention، serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol decreased in both diet and exercise and diet groups and it was most strongly related to weight loss. Diet and exercise are the most effective means of reducing lipid and lipoprotein risk factors in obese women.

Obesity during childhood and adolescence in addition to acute symptoms plays a central role in a major component of the metabolic syndrome, the multiplex risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It has been established that cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence may predict risk of affection on cardiovascular disease in adults and exercise influence on these risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the response of plasma TNFα, CRP, IL-6 and leukocytes in immature overweight and normal boys to a single acute exercise

For this reason, 20 healthy male students (11-14 years-old) were selected randomly from volunteer subjects and divided into two groups (obese group, normal group). Then, after 5 min warming, every subject on ergometer cycle started cycling with 65-70% VO2 ax for 40 min. Blood samples were collected before, after, and one hour after exercise. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures (R-ANOVA) and post hoc LSD test.

The data that resulted from comparing two groups showed that there was no significant difference between leukocyte subclass (p> 0.05) but the level of Crp, TNFα, and IL-6 in overweight compared to normal group were significantly higher in three times (p< 0.05).

A period of intense exercise 65 to 70 percent VO2 max increased white blood cell subgroups response and increased inflammatory factors such as IL-6 in obese and normal immature boys.

The purpose of this study was to compare GH, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, cardiorespiratory function and their associations to leptin levels in inactive obese and lean young men.

Thirty-eight obese and lean young men were studied. After 12 h fasting (at 8 A.M.), blood samples were collected to determine blood parameters levels and maximal oxygen uptake (as indicators of cardiorespiratory function) of subjects was also assessed.

Leptin and insulin levels, HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) were higher, and GH and maximal oxygen uptake levels were lower, in obese versus lean men. Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated to body mass, body fat percent, body mass index, insulin and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated to GH levels and maximal oxygen uptake. No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles in any of the groups. Independent t-tests were used to compare characteristics between obese and underweight groups, and relationships were calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis, P values<0.01 being considered statistically significant.

Obese and lean inactive young men had different levels of leptin, GH, insulin, insulin resistance index, cardiorespiratory function and body fat percent, of which body fat percent, insulin, and GH appear to the be more important determinant factors for leptin levels.

Plasma ghrelin is influenced by nutritional status and is thought to play a role in acute and chronic regulating of food intake and body weight. The purpose of this study was to compare GH, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, and cardiorespiratory function in obese and lean inactive young men and determine their relationships with plasma acylated ghrelin levels. Study design of this research was causal-comparative. Obese (n=19, BMI: 31.0 kg/m2) and lean (n=19, BMI: 18.5 kg/m2) young men, without experience of regular physical activity during the previous six months, were selected. After 12 h fasting (at 8 a.m.), blood samples were collected to determine blood parameter levels. Also, maximal oxygen uptake (as indicator of cardiorespiratory function) of subjects was assessed. Insulin levels and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) were higher, and GH, acylated ghrelin and maximal oxygen uptake levels were lower in obese men compared to lean men (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles between obese and lean groups (P>0.01). Plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations were negatively correlated to body mass, body fat percent, body mass index, insulin and HOMA-IR, and positively correlated to GH levels and maximal oxygen uptake (P<0.01). No significant correlations were observed between plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles in none of groups (P>0.01). Obese and lean inactive young men had different levels of acylated ghrelin, GH, insulin, insulin resistance index, cardiorespiratory function and body fat percent. Body fat percent, insulin, and GH levels appear to be the strongest determinant factors of acylated ghrelin levels.

Running and cycling are two modalities of exercise commonly used to promote fat oxidation in weight loss programs for obese people. In order to design appropriate training programs, the objective of the present study was to compare fat oxidation and energy expenditure at different intensities of exercise during running and cycling in obese adolescent boys. Eleven healthy obese adolescent boys (mean age 13±1.2 years, mean weight 73.1±7.6 kg, and body mass index 27.5±2.5 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects performed 2 incremental graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and a motorized treadmill. Heart rate, mean oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation during the last two minutes of each level of test were measured and respiratory exchange ratio was calculated. Energy expenditure and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated at different intensity levels. At comparable and similar heart rates, the fat oxidation rate was significantly higher during running, compared to cycling over a wide range of intensities (p<0.05), except at intensities of 20w and 170w, as was the total energy expenditure, compared to cycling (266±43 vs237±39 kJ/min) (p<0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation was, however, significantly higher during cycling compared to running, at intensities of 45w, 70w and 95w. It is concluded that for obese adolescents, in order to lose weight and reduce body fat mass (increased energy expenditure and promoted fat oxidation in a certain level of cardio-vascular responses), moderate intensity of running would be more effective than cycling.