جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "چاه ها" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The aim of this study was to evaluate the security of water facilities in Hashtgerd with a passive defense approach.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020 in Hashtgerd city of Alborz province. The assessment of the degree observance of passive defense principles was performed by completing the checklists for each of the drinking water facilities by field visits, observation, and interviews, review of necessary documents as well as consulting and polling the head of operation and ABFA expertschr('39') opinions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

The overall situation of the passive defense principles observance in the Hashtgerd city water facilities was evaluated at a moderate level. The Well N.3 with the lowest mean score (55.31%) was at the weak level and well N.1 with the highest mean score (71.67%) was at the average level. In the overall evaluation of the observance level of passive defense principles, the site selection and safety against fire and early warning with the highest score (78.12 and 77.63%) were evaluated at the average level and the principle of dispersion, camouflage and concealment with the lowest score (48.39%) were evaluated at a poor level.

The results of this study showed that the serious attention of officials and the implementation of necessary reforms in water facilities to reach the desired level, increasing visits and field monitoring in various ways and holding training courses with a passive defense approach for employees is necessary.

 Safety and security are the most imporant for achieving the desired standards for the comfort and Welfare of the people. For this reason, threatening the infrastructure of society such as water facilities is always one of the main aims of terrorists. As a result, precautionary measures based on passive defense principles are a necessery in such facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the security of water facilities in Taleghan city with a passive defense approach.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Taleghan city of Alborz province. The assessment of the degree observance of passive defense principles was performed by completing the checklists for drinking water facilities by field visits, observation, interviews, review of necessary documents and consultation with the head of operation and ABFA experts. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. 

The overall situation of the passive defense principles observance in the Hashtgerd city water facilities was evaluated at a moderate level. The Well N.4 and 1 with the lowest mean score (56%) was at the weak level and water storage tank N.2 with the highest mean score (67.84%) was at the average level. In the overall evaluation of the observance level of passive defense principles, the hardening with the highest score (71.25 %) at the average level and the principle of dispersion, camouflage and Concealment with the lowest score (46.2%) were evaluated at a poor level.

The results of this study showed that improving the security situation of water facilities in Taleghan in terms of the quantitiy and quality of observance and implementation of passive defense principles to prevent possible damage due to future dangers and threats is necessary and the necessary reforms must be done until the desired level is reached.

Water resource management in order to preserving and supplying of high-quality water, plays an important role on communities health. For this reason, humans have always used different methods to provide high-quality water. One of these methods is the use of Radial Collector wells. In this study, the effect of Radial Collector wells on the microbial and physicochemical quality of Doogh River during 5 years has been investigated.

In this study, we assessed some water quality parameters on Dough River (DR) and its adjacent Radial Collector Well (RCW) which supplies water shortage of Gonbad Kavous city, Golestan province, Iran. For this purpose, monthly samples during 2012 to 2016 were collected from DR and RCW, then parameters included nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, pH, fecal coliform, and temperature were measured. Finally, effect of time variation and infiltration of water from DR to RCW on qualitative parameters was analyzed.

According to the results, nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, pH, and fecal coliforms significantly decreased during infiltration process (P-Value <0.05). In addition, the time variation of nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, temperature, and fecal coliforms had significant difference.

The present dataset demonstrated that RCW has a good efficiency for reduction of measured parameters. Also, monthly variations can be effective on water quality of resources.

Chahnimeh water reservoirs in Sistan and Baluchestan Province are the most important sources for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Many factors such as precipitation, the geography of the watershed, atmosphere, geology and Human activities affect on the chemical, physical, and biological compositions of Chahnimeh water reservoirs. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to monitor and assess water quality in four Chahnimeh reservoirs during two sampling periods. 84 water samples were taken based on the standard methods (in September 2017 and April 2018) for measurement of the most important physicochemical parameters including major anions, total coliform, BOD, EC, TDS, pH and nitrate. Water quality index (WQI) was used to evaluate the overall water quality status in the Chahnimeh reservoirs. The results of hydro-geochemical analysis indicated that the water type changed from sodic bicarbonate and sulfur dioxide to radicle chloride during sampling periods. The Gibbs chart showed that weathering of rocks mainly controlled the chemistry of the main water ions. The results of statistical analyses revealed that there was a high correlation between parameters such as chlorophyll, nitrate, sulfate and chlorine with water quality index. Water quality zoning results based on the WQI index indicated a decrease in the water quality of the wells by 3, 2, 1, and 4, respectively. In this study, the use of WQI was helpful for fast data interpretation for drinking water purposes in the area. Based on the WQI classification, majority of the samples are falling under good to poor water category.

Background and purpose: More than 85 percent of urban sewage and a large proportion of industrial wastewater are water, so refined sewage can be used in any part of the activities that require water. The aim of this study was to provide a practical solution for quantitative and qualitative groundwater aquifer regeneration in areas where soil and groundwater conditions are suitable for artificial nutrition by introducing refined sewage to groundwater aquifers with a lower quality. In this study, the chemical quality criteria for artificial feeding of aquifer including hydraulic conductivity, thickness unsaturated soil, topography and land use in geographic information systems were studied to determine the appropriate public areas for artificial feeding in land aquifer Birjand. Also, the criteria for increasing the improvement of chemical quality (quantitative and qualitative increase) were also weighed using the (Analytic Network Process) ANP method and Super Decisions software, so that the chemical quality of the aquifer was ranked as the first priority of the artificial nutrition. Based on the nutritional goal, 6.63 square kilometers of land were classified in very good and 50.66 square kilometers in good regional classifications. Based on the objective of improving the chemical quality , 1.13 square kilometers of lands were classified into a very good category and 55.61 square kilometers in good classification. For this purpose, the treated wastewater is injected into areas of an aquifer that has poor quality, to improve its quality. In this research, using the location of susceptible artificial feeding areas, a solution was proposed that, while feeding areas of an aquifer that has poor quality, also increases its quality. This will make aquifer water suitable for agricultural use. This solution preserves higher quality resources for drinking and sanitary purposes.

Locating for urban plants and especially for wastewater has had a historical background and outstanding importance, choosing unsuitable location may lead to emigration, leaving and increase crimes in unstable location. This study was aimed to investigate and find the best geographical place for collection and health sanitation of wastewater after earthquake in Iranshahr in 2015.
This current study was a cross sectional study using expert panel to find the proper place for collecting and sanitation of wastewater after earthquake in Iranshahr, Sistan and Baluchistan province. At first, procedures were performed for observation, collection and record of data, and 20 experts in disaster management, passive defense and environment health officials were included in the study. Using the status, basic information were put in access of research community. By modified Delphi method, the status of these areas and the strengths and weaknesses of each area about location of health refinery was examined. Excel software was used to analyze data.
Options of Baft-Baluch and Karim Abad due to disadvantage and more problems were not in priority. Nook-abad Sarhang based on assessed factors was the best location for collection and sanitation of wastewater and the best way was using Septic tank and absorption wells in long time period.
Although wastewater sanitation in Iranshahr was not in favorite manner, but using proper proceedings, good management, budget allocation, awareness and correct attitude can prevent hazards and reuse and optimize wastewater. Considering the current statutes of Iranshahr, it was suggested constructing a new refinery and the best places in this regard are those 5 areas which according to steep topography must be assessed at first and then considered in make decision.

Because of entering organic material and mud, lakes and reservoirs are naturally subject to change. Entrance of macro nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) into reservoirs and lakes, leading to the changes in the quality of water. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the parameters of water quality assessment was conducted in 2012 in Zabul of Chahnimeh. In this cross sectional study that was performed for eight months, from early April to October 2012, on water reservoir of Chahnimeh 3 of city of Zabol. At present study every 15 days, samples were collected from the bottom of the reservoir using Nansn bottle and then temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metals, phosphorus and coliform bacteria levels were measured in the laboratory according to standard procedures. Also, SDT parameter was measured by secci disk. Data collected by spss software using descriptive and analytical statistics were analyzed by statistical tests, one sample t test, and p <0.05 was considered as significant. The mean concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, COD and dissolved oxygen concentration were 11.17, 0.02, 21.13 and 8.7 mg/L, respectively. Average total dissolved solids, sulfate, nitrate and total hardness, respectively, 450/43, 138/41, 11/17, 199/40 mg /l, respectively. Average total coliform and E.coli coliform bacteria in 27/1and 1/1, and a significant relationship between water chemistry values were observed for all parameters (p <0.05). The mean results for all parameters in the standard range and Utility were of drinking. The estimation of reservoir water showed water quality management plan for the protected Chahnimeh 3 requires further.

This investigation has explored the quantum well photodetector responsivity for detecting Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of Troponin enzyme I to be implemented in diagnosing heart attack or myocardial anfractuous.

In this study, we show enhanced transmission in perforated metallic film using Coupled Mode Analytical Method thorough PEC approximation. Implementing the surface impedance boundary condition in the formalism, the effect of surface plasmon polaritons in the transmission spectrum has been analyzed. In addition, we study the effect of a specific substrate on the transmission spectrum. According to a simple model based on multi reflection formalism in Fabry-Perot cavity, it is found that quantum well Al0.45Ga0.55As/AlAs detector responsivity did enhance.

A transmitted light thorough a periodic two dimensional square hole arrays shows anomalous maximum in the transmission spectrum. This phenomenon can be used to enhance electromagnetic field penetration into quantum well layers. It is observed that detector responsivity boosted by introducing perforated metallic films.

A near IR quantum well photodetector is a suitable device for diagnosing diseases thorough transforming optical signals into electrical ones. There is a tradeoff between improvement of detector responsivity for sensing Troponin I and efficiency of detector.

This investigation has explored the detectivity of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of Troponin I enzyme (cTnI) for diagnosing heart attack or myocardial anfractuous.

In this article, we designed a photodetector to diagnose the cTnI by recording it's SERS spectrum. To achieve this goal, AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum well photodetector was used. By optimizing the percentage of aluminum in barrier material and appointing a precise well width, the behavior of cTnI has been simulated through it's SERS spectrum.

By simulating and optimizing of quantum well photodetector width, the complete optical absorption and detectivity for cTnI SERS spectrum has been obtained.

A quantum well in the near infrared photodetector is a suitable device for diagnosing diseases by transforming optical signals into electrical signals. The optimum and proper design of photodetector obtain improved detectivity and precise detectivity process.

Background and For environmental protection, public health, and pollution control, we must have precise information about the extent of pollutants, especially, heavy metals in water environments. Having high stability, heavy metals can produce danger in living organisms. Therefore, the present research was conducted to assess the Concentration of heavy metals and compare the findings with national and international standards. The present research which was conducted in Spring 2010 is based on descriptive periodic method. During the research, a number of 48 samples from 16 stations (7 Chahnimeh Stations 1, 5 Chahnimeh Stations 2, 4 Chahnimeh Stations 3) were gathered and Concentration of heavy metals (iron, copper, lead, Boron, nickel, vanadium, cadmium, selenium, chrome, arsenic, and mercury) was measured by ICP-OES. The findings resulted from the analysis of samples and their comparison with standard levels showed that the average Concentration of chrome in Chahnimeh No. 1 is beyond the national and World Health Organization. (WHO) standard level and average Concentration of cadmium, nickel, and lead in Chahnimeh No. 1, and cadmium and lead in Chahnimehs Nos. 2 and 3 are beyond World Health Organization, (WHO) standard level. In the recent years, numerous researches have shown that different polluting materials like metal elements are transferred to waters through different natural and artificial (human activity) ways which biological control can prove to be a desirable and satisfactory method for measuring the level of heavy metals and their biological accessibility. As such, planning for constant control of water reservoirs seems to be necessary.

The high concentration of nitrate in water is one of the pollutants in ground waters. In recent years due to the increase of wastewater and agriculture and urban development, its amount in water source has been increased. High nitrate concentration in drinking water is dangerous for children's health and causes Methemoglobinomia. The aim of this research was measure the nitrate concentration in water wells which supply the drinking water in Bojnord and compare it with ommon standards. Marerials and This was a descriptive research to investigate nitrate concentration in vater sources in Bojnord in 2007. Thus the result of nitrate tests was considered in 82 samples from water supplying source and drinking water reservoirs in Bojnord. All the samples were tested by using spectrophotometric methods in the chemistry lab of Northern Khorasan's Water and wastewater Company. The final results were studied and analyzed by statistical methods. The results showed that there was a significant difference between concentration of nitrate ions in inner wells and concentration of nitrate ions in outer wells (P=0.003). The average oncentration of nitrate ions in inner wells was higher than those of the outer wells. The average itrate concentration indicated that 2 from 8 (25 %) outer water wells and 8 from 9 (88.8 %) inner vater wells had an average higher than the standard specified by Iranian Standard Industry esearch Institute. It was shown that there was a significant negative relationship between the depth of well and nitrate concentration (P<O.OOl). The average of nitrate concentration in the outlet of eservoir was 34.4 mg/I. Disscussion: According to the results, the average of nitrate concentration in many drinking water vells of Bojnord was more (50 mg/I) than the standard approved by Institute of Standards & dustrial Research of Iran. Because of health threats of high nitrate in drinking water wells, some asic measures should be taken such as refining water of polluted wells or taking out polluted wells om consumption cycles and using better quality sources. Regular examination and control of itrate in supplying sources and water distribution nets is also necessary.

Direct relationship has been reported between the prevalence of some parasitic diseases and the presence of microorganisms in water. There are possible contamination of water resources, due to the climate changes and increasing the groundwater level. The purpose of this research was to determine the contamination rate of drinking water supplies to parasites in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran, during 2002-2003. In this cross-sectional study, 989 water samples which randomly taken based on towns population and number of primary health care centers from 12 cities of Mazandaran province. Collected water samples were transferred to the laboratory in sterile containers and standard condition. The samples were filtered and then analyzed according to the WHO guidelines. Direct method and lugol staining procedure were used to identify the parasites. In cases of cryptosporidium presence, centrifugal flotation techniques using Sheathers sugar solution and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method were performed. McMaster counting slides were used for parasites count in 0.3ml. Almost 20% (197 out of 989) of water samples were contaminated with different parasites. 20 different types of parasites were identified in 197 contaminated samples, which 53 (26.9%) were pathogenic, 100 (50.8%) non-pathogenic, and 44 (22.3%) non-infective stages of parasites. Drinking water contamination to parasites has been reported about 15 percent in most of Mazandaran areas. Our findings confirmed increasing prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the other studies in this province. According to high prevalence of water contamination and its contributes to diseases, proper implementation of providing safe drinking water should be considered by water supply companies.