جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کودکی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Injuries and adverse childhood experiences can lead to significant psychological effects in adulthood, one of the most important of which is coping strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious adherence and coping strategies of women with adverse childhood experiences.

This study is a descriptive correlational study. The study's statistical population included 100 women with adverse childhood experiences referred to psychological clinics in Tehran who were injured in one of 4 areas (sexual, emotional, psychological, neglect), and 81 were selected by the available sampling method. Subjects answered "the Janbozorgi Religious Adherence Questionnaire" and "Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies". Also, according to the time of the present study with corona conditions, the questionnaires were prepared by Google Form and administered virtually. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods.

Findings illustrated a significant relationship between subscales of religious adherence and coping strategies (P≤0/05). Religious adherence is also a strong predictor in anticipating the coping strategy of exemplary individuals. The results confirmed the role of religious adherence in coping strategies (distance, self-control, planned problem-solving, and positive re-evaluation) and in the dimension of religious ambivalence with avoidance coping strategies. Also, in the dimension of religious inconsistency, a negative and significant relationship was found between the planned coping strategy of problem-solving and the coping strategy of positive re-evaluation.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that in women who have adverse childhood experiences, more substantial religious commitment can predict the use of positive coping strategies. As a result, religious adherence is a variable that can reinforce coping strategies (distance, self-control, planned problem-solving, and positive re-evaluation). Therefore, strengthening religious adherence can lead to an increase in the level of coping strategies of women (with adverse childhood experiences).

Maintaining oral health during pregnancy is considered as one of the most important public health issues for mother and children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of midwives about oral health in pregnant women,infants and children in Kerman. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 118 midwives in Kerman who were selected by census method. Data collection method was a questionnaire consist of 12  and 14 questions about oral health knowledge and practice,  demographic information,which its validity and reliability were confirmed  previously. Data analyzed by SPSS 21 software and using statistical T test, ANOVA and linear regression. The significance level was considered 0.05. In this study, the average age and years of graduation were 38.52±8.84 and 14.60±8.83,respectively. The average years of  service was 15.68±9.36. The mean score of knowledge and practice were8.65±2.46 and 6.97±1.37 respectively. (59.3%)  of participants had moderate knowledge and (63.6%) had favorable practice. There was a direct and significant relationship between the practice of individuals and participation in oral hygiene courses with years of service and information source. participants who were older, had lower awareness. Midwives who worked in the clinic and who had more years of service, had significantly more knowledge. The findings of this study showed that the practice of individuals about oral hygiene in children and infants is favorable and knowledge is moderate. It is recommended to spend oral hygiene courses to raise knowledge.

Child abuse can lead to destructive long term consequences, in addition to the short term ones. The present study aims to examine the relationship between childhood abuse experience and primary stress confronting methods and maladaptive schemas. This is a cross-sectional analytic study. The study subjects were randomly selected using multiple sampling method. First, 6 counseling centers were selected from counseling centers in western Tehran using cluster sampling; then a sample of 318 persons (192 women and 126 men) were identified and studied from these centers. The data collecting instruments were Child Abuse Self Report Scales (CASRS) and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the methods of Billings and Moos’s Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). Data analysis was performed through T tests and correlative coefficient and multiple regressions by SPSS software version 19. Findings showed a negative relationship between problem solving methods and acquiring social support with each of the four subscale of abuse (p=0.01) and a positive relationship between cognitive evaluation and emotional control (p=0.01). Also, the total score of the primary maladaptive schemas has a significant positive relationship with each of the four abuse subscales (p=0.01). There is a significant difference between men and women in physical and emotional abuse subscales and problem solving, emotional control and maladaptive schemas methods subscales. Emotional abuse and negligence subscales could predict the primary maladaptive schemas and stress confronting methods. Experiencing childhood abuse has a basic role in forming the primary maladaptive schemas and thrill-oriented responses.

Asthma is a leading cause of chronic illness in children, impacting heavily on their daily complications. The purpose of the present study was to relationship bronchodilator response (BDR) with oxygen pulse (OP) and ventilatory threshold (VT) in asthma children with various body compositions during progressive aerobic activities. 25 obese children (BMI>25 and %fat>30)with asthma(10 subjects), and healthy children (15 subjects) and 25 lean children(BMI<20 and %fat<20) with asthma(13 subjects), and healthy children (7 subjects) performed an exercise protocol in a constant temperature environment 2 ± 22 ° C and humidity (5 ± 35%). During exercise, the steady-state levels of cardio-respiratory parameters were measured using gas analyzer (K4B2). The results showed that after a progressive aerobic activity, values peak oxygen consumption(vo2peak) ​​, bronchodilator(BDR), oxygen pulse(OP) and ventilatory threshold(VT) in lean and obese asthmatic children were lower than in healthy lean and obese children. In addition, lean children with asthma had lower VT and higher VO2peak, OP and BDR values​​, as compared obese asthmatic children. Between BDR and VT in lean and obese asthmatic children an inverse relationship between BDR and OP and a direct link to asthma in obese children and obese asthmatic children, there was a negative relationship non-significant. Compared with lean children, asthma, obesity as an additional load will affect lung function and increase the pressure on childhood asthma. Therefore, we can accept that obesity may limit performance of exercise in childhood asthma.

The history of violence against children is as long as human’s life. It has deep mental adverse outcomes on affected people from adulthood to death. The aim of this study was to assess the role of violence experiences in childhood on mental health of individuals aged 18 years and older in Tehran. It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 550 individuals aged 18 years and older residing in the 22 regions of Tehran were selected using cluster sampling. The data were gathered using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (2011) developed by the World Health Organization and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier 1979). Data were analyzed in the SPSS17 using the t-test, one way ANOVA and logistic regression tests. The most important factors affecting violence experiences in childhood were as follows: gender, age, location of birth, marital status, education, job, income, mental disease in family, history of mental disease, addiction in family and alcohol consumption in family (p<0.05). Among the participants, 24.5% suffered from mental disorders. Three out of four domains of violence experiences in childhood were affecting mental health: not protecting by parents, household violence and social violence (P<0.001). The most important factors affecting mental health were as follows: violence experiences in childhood, alcohol consumption in family, addiction in family and district (p<0.001). Developing and adopting solutions and policies in the household level, schools and educational institutions level, local level and national level could result in reducing violence experiences in childhood and its mental outcomes in adulthood.

The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between childhood maltreatment types, self-compassion and mental health in married people. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study 350 married male and female individuals residing in Tehran in 2013 were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling and assigned to complete copies of inventories focused on self-reported child abuse, self-compassion and general health. Thirteen completed copies were excluded due to insufficient information whereupon 337 copies were reviewed. SPSS version 19, Pearson’s Correlation, Linear and Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. There was a significant negative correlation between maltreatment and self-compassion (r=0.521; P<0.001), a significant positive correlation between maltreatment and general health (r=0.306; P<0.001). The findings from multiple regression analysis indicated that the subscales for physical harassment, emotional harassment and neglect were significant predictors of self-compassion. The neglect subscale contributed most to the explanation of self-compassion. Furthermore, the emotional harassment subscale alone was capable of predicting general health (P<0.001). The findings indicated that the greater the childhood harassment, the smaller the adulthood self-compassion and that the greater the childhood harassment, the greater the adulthood syndromes of mental disease.

Normal bone structure is formed in childhood and adolescence. Any problem of bone formation at these stages will lead to significant osteoporosis and its complications in adulthood. Genetic factors are the most important factors in skeletal development. This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density and it's interfering factors in Iranian girls of Kawar of Fars.

In this cross sectional study 235 healthy girls of Kawar of Fars aged 9-18 years old participated and they underwent Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanning of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total body. The LMS method was applied to calculate smoothed BMC, BMD and BMAD for age related centiles.

Maximum accretion of BMC and BMD was at ages of 11 to 13 and according to 3rd, 25th, 50th, 75th and 97th percentile, BMC and BMD of all sites were increasing with a rather fixed rate up to the age of 15 and then after it increased very slowly.

This study is the first study for normative data of BMC and BMD of Iranian girls and showed that BMC accretion of these girls was slower, but BMD accretion was greater than the girls of the other parts of the world. Absolute amount of bone mineral content in Iranian girls was lower than Indian, Lebanese and Asian girls of USA. Also weight and puberty were the two most important factors efficacious on BMD of the Iranian girls (of Kawar). Further research to evaluate the evolution of bone mineral density in Iranian children and adolescents is needed to identify the reasons for the significant differences in bone density values between our Iranian population and their Asian counterparts.

Space maintainers are appliances used to preserve the space and prevent ectopic movement of adjacent and opposing teeth when premature loss of deciduous teeth occurs. This study aimed at evaluation of general dental practitioners’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the space maintainers in Tabriz.

This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 151 subjects, selected randomly from 450 general dentist practicing in Tabriz city/province, located in the North-West of Iran. A self-administered questionnaire was provided to subjects and included questions to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes as well as their case selection policy. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA tests.

103(70%) of dentists were male. The mean age of subjects was 33.32 years. The mean score on knowledge was 5.32 out of 10 and the mean score on attitude was 25.3 out of 40. About 76.5% (n=115) of participating dentists admitted child patients, younger than 12 years old. These dentists had higher scores in both sections than others. This difference wasnt significant. Increasing scores in the years after graduation was followed by decreasing scores which was statistically significant (P<0.05).

The general dental practitioners under investigation in this study had a good attitude towards the use of space maintainers. Their knowledge in this regard, however, could be improved by means of attending continuing dental education programs, workshops, brochures and pamphlets.

Stress hyperglycemia (Transient rise of blood sugar during acute physiologic stress) has been reported in adults in conditions such as trauma, burns, stroke, myocardial infraction and patients admitted for any cause in intensive care unit. In pediatric age group stress hyperglycemia occurs in febrile illness and sever gastroenteritis. Prevalence and importance of stress hyperglycemia is not fully appreciated by physicians. This study was designed to find the frequency of stress hyperglycemia in children and infants admitted in Qaem Hospital and comparing it with other studies in Iran and other countries. Physicians’ knowledge about these phenomena prevents unnecessary and sometimes dangerous intervention. Patients with stress hyperglycemia due to acute clinical illness may be at risk of developing diabetes in future and their follow up is important matter. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2001 to May 201 on 334 patients admitted in Qaem Hospital who needed blood sampling for diagnostic tests. Known cases of diabetes mellitus and patients who received corticosteroids or beta-agonist agent and dextrose containing intravenous fluids were excluded from study. Blood sugar was determined by glucose oxidas method. On serum samples within 30 minute-1 hour after blood sampling. Hyperglycemia was defined in our study as blood sugar more than 150 mg/dl, fever as 37.5°C auxiliary temperature, and dehydration status defined as criteria of WHO. 334 patients from age 2 days to 14 years had inclusion criteria, of these 59.5% were male and 40.4% were female. 26.3% of patients had variable degrees of dehydration. 23.7% of patients had auxiliary temperature?38.5°C to 40°C. blood sugar were in the range of 37 mg/dl-325 mg/dl and there was stress hyperglycemia in 17 patients (5.1%). Stress hyperglycemia was obviously more observed in patients with higher temperatures, more sever dehydration or clinical deterioration. There was no case of diabetes mellitus throughout 1-year follow up. Stress hyperglycemia is a relatively frequent clinical and laboratory finding in patients admitted in pediatrics and neonatal wards. There is no relation between the stress hyperglycemia and final diagnosis of patients, however the more serious the clinical condition, the higher the temperatures or more sever dehydration rises the likelihood of stress hyperglycemia.

Cataract is one of the important diseases in childhood that can be classified in two main groups: Congenital & Acquired. There hasn’t been any exact idea about the prevalence of this disease in childhood yet. On the other hand it has been very important to diagnose the disease before the age 6 years old. So that preventing from the adverse effects. We tried to perform our plan in the students of the primary schools in the city of Arak. The study was descriptive observational and cross-sectional. Total numbers of the students of the primary schools in Arak were 58557. We selected 7668 students (3972 boys & 3696 girls). 10 students (7 boys & 3 girls) had cataract. As a result the total prevalence of the cataract among the students of the primary schools in the city of Arak in spring (1376) was 0.13%.