جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « accidents » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Trauma is a significant public health concern in Iran, with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to assess trauma patients’ profiles in Shahroud, Iran.

Study Design:

 A cross-sectional study.

 The study involved trauma patients who met specific criteria at Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud, Iran, between 2016 and 2023, using the National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI). The relationship between injury characteristics and the cause of injury was analyzed using chi-square test and post hoc analysis. Quintile regression models assessed the association of demographic and clinical variables with length of stay.

 Among 3513 trauma patients, road traffic crashes (RTCs) had a higher percentage of injuries with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) between 9 and 12 (1.7%) compared to falls (0.3%) (P<0.001). Falls caused more moderate cases with injury severity scores (ISS) ranging from 9 to 15 (22.7%) than RTCs (17.1%) (P<0.001). RTC-related injuries required more ventilation (2.7%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (11.1%) than falls (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, GCS, ISS, and body region, fall had a median length of stay nine hours shorter than RTCs (95% CI = -16.2, -1.8).

 Significant injury pattern differences were observed between RTCs and falls. RTCs had higher frequencies of injuries resulting in GCS scores between 9 and 12, while falls had higher frequencies of moderate ISS scores. In addition, patients with RTC-related injuries required more mechanical ventilation and ICU admissions. Moreover, after adjusting for various factors, patients with RTC-related injuries had a significantly longer hospital stay compared to those with fall-related injuries.

Accidents are chains of events that lead to identifiable injuries and illnesses. Among the various mechanisms of trauma, traffic accidents have the highest mortality rate. This study examines historical data for analysis of causes and consequences of accidents in King of Saudi Arabia in period 2016-2020. To collect the necessary data, the researchers utilized the Saudi open data portal, a National e-Government Portal. The data on consequence, type, seasons, location, and gender were extracted from the database. In order to analyze the collected data, GeNIe academic software was employed to conduct Bayesian network analysis. In total, 106513 accidents occurred in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in period 2016-2020. Among them, 40287 cases were with the consequences of damage and injuries and 9492 with the consequences of deaths. In sensitivity analysis of accident types, the worst variations in accident consequences were related to accident types of collapsed, drowning, and car accident. So that those could increase probability of death consequence by 5, 4, and 3 percent, respectively. In sensitivity analysis of location, for west and east regions, the probability of deaths consequences decreased by 1. In sensitivity analysis of season, the probability of deaths decreased by 1 percent in autumn season. In sensitivity analysis of gender, female could decrease the probabilities of deaths by 4 percent. Other factors could not make variation in the probability of deaths. These findings show most important accident types in association with death consequences are collapsed, drowning, and car accident. Location of west and east of king of Saudi Arabia, seasons of autumn, and gender of female were also associated with decrease of death consequences.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a health education program on empowering mothers to prevent home accidents among rural children under five years old in Ilam County.

This research was a randomized controlled trial involving 88 mothers with children under five years old attending healthcare houses in Ilam County in 2022-2023 who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A one-month online educational intervention was implemented for the intervention group using the WhatsApp application, while the control group received no education. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the health belief model regarding home accidents in children, completed online by the participants at baseline and three months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, employing an independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.

No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs regarding preventing home accidents in the pre-test phase (p>0.05). The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant increase in the mean scores of health belief model constructs in the intervention group compared to the control group after a three-month follow-up (p<0.05).

Designing interventions based on the health belief model effectively empowers mothers to prevent accidents in rural children under five years old.

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are one of the major health problems in developed and developing countries. In Iran, RTIs are the first leading cause of years of life lost (YLL). So, the present study investigated the 11-year trend of RTI- related mortalities in Iran.

This study was a population-based cross-sectional study. All-cause deaths as well as RTI-related mortalities’ data were collected from the Civil Registration Organization (CRO) and Legal medical organization (LMO) of Isfahan during 2011-2021. The mid-year population, number of deaths due to RTIs, the crude and age-standardized mortality (per 100,000) of RTIs, and the percentage of proportional mortality by sex and year of accident during the study period were calculated and reported. Also, trend analysis was done using join point regression program.

During the study period, 11,248 deaths occurred due to RTIs in Isfahan province. 8,894 cases were male (79.03%), the highest number of deaths in both male and female cases was reported in those aged 15-39 years. Among the males, trend of standardized mortality in 2011-2015 was decreasing (annual percentage changes = -6.76(CI 95%: -2.53, -15.03)), while in 2015-2021 it was increasing (annual percentage changes = 3.00 (CI 95%: 0.63, 9.87)). However, no significant trend was observed among females.

The findings of the present study showed that the number and standardized mortality rate of RTIs decreased during the 11-year period. It seems that applying stricter policies, improving the quality of the roads of the province, improving the quality of cars, and increasing the number of hospital and pre-hospital medical facilities can play an effective role in reducing RTIs.

During the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdowns, road traffic was limited, and a change in the traumatic emergency admission pattern was anticipated. We conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions due to road traffic crashes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instructions. The following databases were searched: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on the inclusion criteria for the review and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using an appropriate appraisal checklist, introduced by the JBI, based on the study type. The metaanalysis was performed using Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. Considering the heterogeneity among studies, a random effect model was adopted to estimate the pooled effect with 95% confidence interval (CI) for binary outcomes.

A total of 13 studies were included in this systematic review, and all of them were considered for meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, differences in hospital admission rates during the COVID-19 pandemic and one year before this pandemic were statistically significant [RR: 0.685 CI 95% (0.578 -0.813) p<0.00001]. The heterogeneity assessment of the included studies in the meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity (I2=78%, p<0.00001).

The results of this systematic review showed that the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically reduced the number of hospital admissions related to road traffic crashes because of both quarantines and lifestyle changes. Health policymakers and top health managers might use the results of this systematic review in similar contexts in the future.

The most critical environmental challenge of maritime transport in recent decades has been oil pollution. The present study was carried out to identify and determine the rate and ranking of oil pollution in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port by the Development Approach of the Management Model of Prevention and Response against Pollution in Emergencies in 2020.

In the present descriptive-applied study, the criteria and sub-criteria influencing in prioritizing responses in oil spill emergencies in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port were identified by the documentary method, prioritized based on the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision-making method, and scored by 10 experts. McKinsey’s 7s gap analysis method was also used to estimate the gap between the current and the ideal situation.

Out of 18 oil pollution scenarios, 4 were determined as emergencies. Conservation of environmental resources in case of an accident and determination of responsibility before accidents occur, with mean scores of 4.4 and 4.35, were determined as the most important agendas for planning in emergencies. In the gap analysis process with McKinsey’s method and the output spider web model, 7 components of strategy (1.65), skills (1.75), staff (2.2), management style (2.27), shared methods (2.38), structure (2.54), and system (2.79) were determined as the emergency response plan priorities.

The study’s results showed that while several factors can result in oil pollution emergencies in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port, there is no ideal situation for managing these threats based on gap analysis.

In countries with evolving prehospital trauma care systems, it is recommended that volunteers especially youth can be trained to perform as first responders to render basic emergency care until care by formally trained health-care personnel’s is available. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TBP), the present study aims to predict intention to help road accident victim among young adults in a fast-urbanizing Indian city.

A cross sectional survey was conducted among 695 college students of Jodhpur, Rajasthan by self-administered questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior (TPB). Predictor of behavioral intention to help an accident victim was assessed through partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM).

Theory of planned behavior provided a reliable and valid framework for predicting intention of college students towards helping an accident victim. Perceived confidence (? = 0.344, p less than 0.001); attitude (? = 0.323, p less than 0.001) and social norm (? = 0.251, p less than 0.001), all emerged as the significant direct predictor of intention. Perceived confidence also significantly predicted social norm (? = 0.370, p less than 0.001) and attitude (? = 0.281, p less than 0.001). Further, attitude towards helping an accident victim was also influenced by social norm (? = 0.366, p less than 0.001).

Based on framework of TPB, role of perceived confidence, social norm and attitude is found to significantly predict intention among college youth towards helping an accident victim. Public health interventions designed towards engaging and training youth as first responders in countries with fragmented pre-hospital trauma care systems need to encompass these aspects by establishing community based training programs for potential first responders and recognition of good Samaritans.

Rhabdomyolysis is an important etiology for developing acute kidney injury(AKI). Among the many varying reasons for rhabdomyolysis, electrical injury seems to bea lesser-known factor. The clinical presentation of rhabdomyolysis is usually in the formof severe and widespread pain, tenderness, weakness in the muscles and dark urine. Itis characterized by the disruption of cell integrity in myocytes as a result of widespreaddamage to skeletal muscles and the passage of intracellular components into thecirculation.

Here we presented a case report of a young man who hadrhabdomyolysis induced by electrical injury which is relatively less common among theother etiological factors with preserved renal functions. He had electrical injury relatedwounds on extremities. Urgent intravenous fluid therapy was initiated as soon as hisadmission to the emergency department (ED), without delay.

AKI is very common due to the nephrotoxic effect of myoglobinuria and theprerenal status. It is rare that AKI does not develop in patients with a severe increase increatinine kinase. It is a very important point to start effective fluid therapy in a short time.

Strategies to prevent and provide an appropriate post-injury care system are vital save resources and reduce fatalities and disabilities. The present study aimed to evaluate risk factors for early and late mortality.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a trauma referral center in southern Iran from June 2019 to June 2020. Based on the length of hospital stay, the patient’s outcomes were classified as short-term (within the first 48 hours of admission) or long-term (beyond 48 hours of admission) categories. Predictors of mortality evaluated included gender, age, Glasgow Coma Scale, presence of significant trauma using the Injury Severity Score, mechanism of injury, the need for intubation or chest tube placement, and hospital-acquired infection.

This study was performed on 1281 patients with a mean age of 37.9 ± 19.1 years. The median length of hospital stay was 7.7 days, with a mean injury severity score of 16.3 ± 11.3. The primary mechanism of injury was road-traffic accidents (65.5%), followed by falling (15.2%). During the first 48 hours of hospitalization, 217 of 1281 patients died or were discharged, the long-term group included 1,064. The risk factors were age≥65 years (OR=5.71, CI:3.16-10.3), GCS 9-12 (OR=3.39, CI:1.55-7.42), GCS≤8 (OR=5.88, CI:3.14-11.03) major trauma (OR=1.92, CI:1.05-3.52), and chest tube insertion (OR=2.49, CI:1.4-4.43) for short-term mortality and 45-64 age group (OR=5.95, CI:3.18-11.15), age≥65 years (OR=22.12, CI:11.38-42.97), GCS 9-12 (OR=2.9, CI:1.4-6.02), GCS≤8 (OR=5.53, CI:3.03-10.11), major trauma (OR=1.99, CI:1.11-3.54), chest tube insertion (OR=2.96, CI:1.68-5.23), and incidence of hospital-acquired infection (OR=2.42, CI:1.43-4.1) for long-term mortality.

Despite the similarities in the predictors of short-term and long-term mortality in trauma patients, our study showed that the effect of the age in these two groups varied. To improve the prognosis of unstable trauma patients, they should be categorized based on time and age.

Globally, transport injuries persist as the leading preventable cause of adolescent harm.

This study aimed to determine the role of human factors in causing traffic accidents in urban and suburban areas of Jahrom, Fars province, Iran.

This descriptive study used the recording data of 598 accidents and incidents on urban and suburban roads recorded in the accident registration forms (KAM) of the Police Information and Communication Technology (ICT- FAVA) system in Jahrom in 2020. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression. Simultaneously, population-attributable risks for violations of drivers involved in accidents on urban and suburban roads were determined.

The multivariable logistic regression analysis identified sudden diversion (OR = 11.02, 95% CI: 3.79 - 32.00), inattention to the front (OR = 6.68, 95% CI: 3.27 - 13.61), non-observance of the right of priority (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 2.80 - 13.98), and inability to control the vehicle (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.81 - 8.90) as risk factors for death or injury in urban roads. Meanwhile, death or injury on suburban roads was associated with failure to yield to the right of way (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.08 - 4.67), inattention to the front (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.08 - 3.51), and inability to control the vehicle (OR = 41.86, 95% CI: 1.001 - 4.63). Among humans factors of accidents on urban and suburban roads, inattention to the front (78.84% vs. 37.73%) and failure to yield to the right of way (62.75% vs. 32.31%) had the greatest population-attributable fraction risk factors of death or injury.

Inattention to the front and non-observance of the right of way by drivers were the first and second ranks in accidents leading to injury and death. It is suggested that the relevant laws and legislations be intensified and enforced more seriously.