جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "alveolar bone grafting" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Alveolar bone resorption may complicate dental implantation of the edentulous area. The quantity of residual bone depends on the region, and it is uncertain which region may present more difficulties before implantation. In this study, the alveolar bones of patients who had cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) before dental implantation were examined, and residual bone was evaluated based on age, gender, and the location of the missing tooth.  

In this observational study, the patients with CBCT were divided into two age groups: 18 to 35 and 36 and older. Also,  the edentulous regions were divided into incisor, premolar, and molar regions. Radiographic measurements were performed with a cross-sectional aspect in the single-tooth deficiency regions of the patients; bone height and width measurements were made.  

This study included 164 CBCT scans from individuals (99 females and 65 males). There was no statistically significant difference between the bone heights and between bone widths at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th mm according to age or gender  (P>0.05). Bone height in the incisor tooth region (ITR) and bone width at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th mm in the molar tooth region  (MTR) were significantly larger (P<0.01).  

This study revealed that the bone width at the 1st mm of the ITR was insufficient for dental implant placement and that horizontal bone augmentation was needed.

 The aim of this narrative literature review was clinical indications as well as common complications of the most common treatment options for oral rehabilitation of the upper jaw. The paper also introduced a novel decision-making tool for guiding the selection of the most appropriate treatment for oral rehabilitation based on patients’ residual bone height, width, and quality.

 This study is a review article based on PubMed and Scopus that was done by reviewing articles from 2000 to 2022. Treatment choices for edentulous maxillae with the insufficient bone for implant placement comprise two broad classifications: bone defect compensation by bone augmentation techniques and modified implant designs for specific situations to utilize the remaining bone. The following factors have to be taken into consideration: the residual bony anatomy, remaining bone volume and quality, skeletal maxillomandibular relationship, scientific evidence, the experience of the clinicians, and, the patients’ increasing demands and expectations.

 Grafting techniques are often demanding for both patients and surgeons. Likewise, they are associated with a prolonged treatment time, increased financial cost, and higher complication risks, especially in medically compromised patients. Several non-grafting alternative options have been reported such as zygomatic implants (ZIs), short implants, tilted implants, and the like.

 Oral rehabilitation in the upper jaw should follow a comprehensive assessment and examination of the patient’s quality and dimensions of residual bone. The clinical decision between grafting versus non-grafting options is associated with several factors.

Bone grafting is the primary treatment for the alveolar cleft. Due to the reduced complications by the sealant materials, this study aimed to evaluate fibrin glue’s effect on the success rate of unilateral alveolar bone grafting.

This study was a single‑blind clinical trial performed on 20 patients with a unilateral alveolar cleft. Patients were randomly divided into groups: group A patients as a control group underwent bone grafting without fibrin glue, and in Group B, patients were grafted using fibrin glue. The subject was followed up through routine examination and the cone‑beam computed tomography systems technique for up to 4 months. Paired t‑test and Chi‑square tests were used to analyze the data and the P < 0.05 was considered the significance threshold.

The mean age, gender, and cleft side distribution did not represent significant differences. Before surgery, the average alveolar cleft volume in Group A and B patients was 0.95 ± 0.25 cm3 and 0.99 ± 0.22 cm3 , respectively, which was not statistically different. After the surgery procedure, the alveolar cleft volume in Group A and B patients was determined to be 0.31 ± 0.10 cm3 and 0.23 ± 0.11 cm3 , which represented 66.7% ± 8.9% cm3 and 76.2 ± 11.4 cm3 bone formation, respectively, with no remarkable difference. Our examination did not reveal any necrosis and infection in both groups. However, despite no dehiscence observation in fibrin glue treatment patients, one subject showed dehiscence complication in the control group.

According to results, fibrin glue may increase the percentage of bone volume formed and prevent dehiscence.

Implant insertion into an atrophic knife-edge ridge with non-simultaneous extraction of anterior and posterior teeth is challenging; this is why bone regeneration before implant placement is of great importance. One of the best sources for reconstruction is an intraoral autogenous bone graft. A composite bone graft is a combination of autogenic bone and mucosal flap that provides adequate blood supply and fixation compared to conventional (from the mandibular symphysis or ramus) and extraoral bone grafts.

Bone augmentation ensures a favorable 3-dimensional position of implants. Onlay grafting is one of the techniques in ridge augmentation, which can be performed with the use of xenogenous blocks.

Three cases of the vertical and horizontal ridge are discussed, which were augmented using xenogenous blocks. The blocks were shaped in a favorable size and puzzled along the grafting area. All the gaps were filled with granular xenografts. The flaps were coronally advanced to obtain primary closure.

An average of 4.2-mm gain in width and 4.2-mm gain in height of the ridge was observed at the implantation stage.

The outcomes of these cases could pave the way for suggesting xenograft blocks for augmenting wide areas of the alveolar ridge on average of 4 mm in width and height in selected cases as an alternative to standard autogenous blocks. Long-lasting xenograft ensures implant and lip support in the esthetic zone

Although biological sex influences Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRIs) morbidity and mortality patterns in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, the exact mechanism about the effect is unknown.

We assessed the quality and strength of evidence on the association of sex with incidence, etiology, and outcomes of ALRI in African children.

We systematically searched electronic databases for publications from 1971-2016 in PubMed, African Journals Online, and Google scholar for ALRI literature in the African children. We used (pneumonia OR bronchiolitis OR “community-acquired pneumonia” OR CAP OR “hospital-acquired pneumonia” OR “nosocomial pneumonia” OR “ventilator-acquired pneumonia” OR “lung abscess” OR “pleural effusion” OR “empyema thoracis”) AND (sex OR gender) AND (Africa OR Sub-Saharan) as search terms. We included the published peer-reviewed journal articles reporting on incidence, etiology, and case fatality. We summarized the findings using narrative and meta-analysis methods.

We included 14 studies with sex-related data; the median (IQR) number of reported pneumonia cases was 148 (87-770) and 114 (56-599) for male and female patients, respectively. Only two studies reported a sex-specific incidence. The odds of sex were in favor of male sex, and the chances of identification of Respiratory Syncytia Virus (RSV) were significantly lower in males than in females (OR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.86). Estimates from 9 studies showed that the death rate for males was significantly higher than for females (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.20–1.33).

Sex-disaggregated data on incidence, etiology, and case fatality of pneumonia are scarcely reported in studies published in Africa. However, males appear to die more often than females, and females more likely to have RSV infection.