جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antimicrobial » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Finding herbal herbicides with biodegradability and selectivity against weeds is an interesting and vital challenge for human health. The study was considered to analyze the phytochemical profile, phytotoxicity and biological activities of Rindera lanata together with a molecular docking perspective. The study was considered to analyze the phytochemical profile, phytotoxicity and biological activities of Rindera lanata together with a molecular docking perspective.

 Aerial parts of R. lanata were successively solvent extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus, followed by maceration. Different chromatography methods were employed to isolate and purify the major compounds of the plant. The compounds were assigned by spectroscopic methods, containing 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Several in vitro antioxidant assays, together with an antimicrobial assay, alongside the allelopathic property on the germination of Cuscuta campestris seeds, were assessed upon the extracts. As a final point, molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the interactions among the identified compounds with 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), glutamine synthetase (GS), and acetohydroxyacid synthetase (AHAS).

 Phytochemical analysis of the extracts led to the identification of a new flavonoid 3, 5, 4’-tri-O-methylquercetin (1), apigenin (2), chrysoeriol (3), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (4) and rutin (5). It was exposed that ethyl acetate extract not only illustrated the highest antioxidant effect in all the in vitro assays but also exhibited the maximum antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Effectively, it showed conventional allelopathic activity in preventing germination, seedling length and seedling weight growth of C. campestris seeds, as well as a concentration-dependent enhancement (p≤0.05). Docking analysis results indicated that rutin had a good affinity for HPPD, GS and AHAS enzymes, with docking score values of -11.454, -10.422 and -10.152 kJ/mol, respectively.

 The present study suggested that isolated flavonoids from R. lanata could be used as the lead compounds in the development of natural herbicides for strong bonds in the active region of HPPD, GS and AHAS enzymes.

The global promotion of herbal products is not at par due to a lack of quality control studies. Marham-i-Raal, a pharmacopoeial ointment, treats various types of ulcers and wounds. The present study evaluates the quality control, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of Marham-i-Raal.

The quality control parameters, including loss of weight on drying, pH, total ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, heavy metal analysis, microbial load, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography of Marham-i-Raal, were carried out. Moreover, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Marham-i-Raal were also investigated. 

The quality control findings of Marham-i-Raal, including weight loss on drying, pH, total ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, heavy metal analysis, and microbial load, were found within the normal limits. The antimicrobial study of Marham-i-Raal has shown promising effects against gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The antioxidant effects of the test drug were also found to be significant at higher concentrations against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid methods. 

The standards developed for the quality control of Marham-i-Raal may be referred to in the future for further studies. This important Unani ointment may be clinically used to treat non-healing ulcers and wounds.

Plant metabolites, like antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, exhibit therapeutic benefits. The crude extract of Cyperus rotundus (CR) rhizomes demonstrates such activities; however, the specific components responsible for these functions have not been determined. This study identifies the bioactive alkaloids in CR rhizome extract. 

The crude methanolic extract of CR rhizomes was acidified, followed by basification. The precipitate was then purified using sequential chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. Structural elucidation of the derived compound was performed using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. Disc dilution and diffusion assays were used to evaluate the isolated compound’s minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against selected microbial species. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compound was determined against HeLa cancer cells using MTT cell proliferation assays. 

Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of norrotundine-6-O-glucoside plus appreciable amounts of flavonoids nootkatone, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and β-sitosterol. The isolated alkaloid inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=MBC=64 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC=100 µg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC=MBC=64 µg/mL). The alkaloid’s half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 203.7 µg/mL. The obtained alkaloid from the CR rhizomes’ crude extract revealed bactericidal and fungicidal effects against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, at 64 µg/mL, bacteriostatic against E. coli at 100 µg/mL, and cytotoxic against HeLa cells at an IC50 equal to 203.7 µg/mL.

The elucidated alkaloid from the CR rhizomes’ crude extract exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal effects against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, at 64 µg/mL, bacteriostatic activity against E. coli at 100 µg/mL and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells at IC50 of 203.7 µg/mL.

The alarming rise of resistant microorganisms is becoming a serious health threat today. Consequently, there is a pressing need to obtain novel compounds with antimicrobial properties.  In this regard, lichens are promising substances with antimicrobial potential to control different microbial strains, including fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and viruses.  
This study explores the efficacy of Dermatocarpon miniatum in treating burn wound infections. We examined twenty-four Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients admitted to Imam Moussa Kazem Hospital of Isfahan, Iran.
We assessed the antibacterial activity of D. miniatum against MRSA using the microdilution broth method.  Biofilm inhibitory was evaluated through microtiter plate technique. Additionally, the effect of D. miniatum on the icaA gene expression was analyzed via real-time PCR. 
The methanolic extract of D. miniatum exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA strains. Additionally, at a concentration of ½ MIC, the extract demonstrated a 65% inhibition of biofilm formation. Moreover, a sub-MIC concentration (1/4) of D. miniatum was effective in reducing the expression of the icaA gene.
The results of the present study reveal that D. miniatum extract can be used as a promising antibacterial agent against MRSA strains commonly found in wound biofilms.

 Low-cost, soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers enhance the efficacy of herbal formulations with established antimicrobial properties.

 This study investigates the healing process of Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds using PVA loaded with herbal extracts, including Arnebia euchroma, Allium sativum, and Echinacea purpurea.

 minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, Disk Diffusion Method (DDM) tests, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were conducted on herbal extract samples. Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into G1: Negative control group (healthy mice), G2: Wound model + S. aureus (Positive control), G3: wound model + S. aureus + Povidone-iodine, and G4: Wound model + S. aureus + PVA/formulation. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescent staining were employed to assess wound healing.

 The ethanolic herbal extract exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with MIC and MBC values in the 1.87 mg/mL range. The PVA/formulation displayed a zone of inhibition with a diameter of 7 mm against S. aureus. Histopathological investigations indicated that the infected wound treated with nanofibers extract experienced a significant reduction in inflammation between days 7 and 14. Notably, the increased CD3 expression at this site was remarkable for the healing process.

 Consequently, this experimental study suggests combining PVA and herbal extracts enhances antibacterial properties and promotes CD3 expression and re-epithelialization effects.

In this research chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (E. angustifolia L.) whole fruit ethanolic extract was investigated on common pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans). The phytochemical composition of E. angustifolia was screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the broth dilution technique. According to the results, 13 major compounds such as flavonoid, aldehyde, alcoholic and fatty acids were identified by GC/MS. In addition, the extract could inhibit the growth of all examined pathogenic strains. The MIC was 3.75 to 1.87 mg ml-1 while maximum activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, the MBC was ranging from 7.5 to 3.75 mg ml-1. Since E. angustifolia whole fruit ethanolic extract contains phytochemical compounds and has antimicrobial potential it can be recommended as a natural active agent for application in the food industry.

The plants with pharmacological potential host potential endophytic fungi having metabolic interaction. Adhatoda vasica Nees, a well-reputed medicinal plant in Asia, has very few investigations on the plant's endophytic fungi available. This study reports the isolation, identification, and bioactive potential determination of the endophytes from the leaf and stem of the plant growing in Bangladesh.

A protocol for fungus isolation was followed, including the significant steps: sample collection, surface sterilization, cultivation, preliminary selection, and purification. The fungal species were identified by morphological and molecular features, and then, small-scale cultivation followed solvent treatment (chloroform) to extract secondary metabolites. The extract's cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, disc diffusion method, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, respectively.

Eight endophytic fungi were isolated and identified: four Fusarium sp., two Colletotrichum sp., one Phacidiopycnis sp., one Lasiodiplodia sp. Genome sequence confirmed two novel fungi from the plant: Fusarium solani (OR414980) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (OR420097). In bioactivity testing, the fungi from the stem exhibited better activity than the leaf fungi. Among the eight fungi, Lasiodiplodia sp. showed the highest and most significant potential in each bioactivity test. Its extract (100 μg/disc) was approximately 80% susceptible against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and a fungus A. flavus compared to references (30 μg/disc). The fungus's LC50 (4 h) was 0.45 μg/mL, whereas vincristin sulfate showed nearly half.

The study recorded uncommon fungi of four genera from A. vasica; some showed remarkable bioactivity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most explored nanomaterials and are widely employed in medical, pharmaceutical, and bioengineering application. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and cell toxicity effects of fabricated AgNPs by green method at room temperature.

In this work, AgNPs were fabricated by green method, which uses the seed extract of Triticum aestivum damaged by sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) (SPDSPDWAgNPs) at room temperature. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. Disk diffusion method and MTT analysis were used for antibacterial and cell toxicity effects, respectively.

The synthesis of SPDSPDWAgNPs was relevant by color change of solution, turning from light-yellow to dark-brown, respectively. α-glycosidase, protease and α-amylase are some identified enzymes of salivary glands of sunn pest which can affect the synthesis of nanoparticles. The results showed that SPDSPDWAgNPs have spherical shapes and had a different range from 1 to 25 nm. Moreover, the biosynthesized SPDSPDWAgNPs have high antibacterial properties toward the most common inflectional bacteria. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity results show the fabricated SPDSPDWAgNPs prevent the growth of cancer cells.

We concluded that this production manner of nanoparticles could be employed for large-scale synthesis of AgNPs, pharmaceutical, and antiseptic uses.

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), a member of the Cruciferae family, is widely planted worldwide, especially in India, Europe, and the United States. One of the most common mosquito species that carries Plasmodium falciparum is the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which may be combated by sprinkling fields with Lepidium sativum seeds. This study aimed to test the Lepidium sativum Linn. seeds extract as an antimicrobial agent against food pathogens.
Materials &

The active components were extracted from the powdered dry seeds using chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and dichloromethane. The antibacterial activity of various doses of the extracts was evaluated using agar well diffusion. The MIC and MBC for the most effective extract were estimated using tube dilution and subculturing methods.

Staphylococcus aureus had an MIC of 1.56mg/ml and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MBC) of 6.52mg/ml, while Salmonella typhi had an MIC of 25mg/ml. At a concentration of 10% L. sativum, the half-life (KDT50) was determined to be 7.34 minutes. Conversely, the half-life of L. sativum oil was only 10.05 minutes when used at the same concentration. Compared to the L. sativum concentrations that resulted in the KDT50 (50 and 10%, respectively), the bendiocarb 0.1% impregnated filter paper performed poorly.

L. sativum essential oil effectively kills Anopheles gambiae.

Increasing antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the advantages that natural compounds have over synthetic chemicals led to more investigation of plant resources. Rosa damascena is one of the valuable species of the Rosaceae family that has different therapeutic effects. This review studies the antimicrobial effects of R. damascene and its derivation in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease and bibliometric analysis at the family level.

Data collection was done from Scopus and Web of Science databases and after choosing the database that published the most data, the information was analyzed by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix-package.

The results of most research show the antimicrobial effect of this plant against human pathogens. The bibliometric results of 412 searched documents also revealed that most of the published documents belong to the countries of China, Iran and Turkey. The process of publishing documents over the years has generally increased and the keyword "Rosaceae" has been used more than others.

In this review article, scientific documents related to the role of R. damascene and its derivation showed this plant have potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases.

Food coatings are a promising strategy to improve the safety and shelf life of food products by inhibiting or retarding the growth of harmful microorganisms. The current study assessed the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics of a coating based on natural ingredients, including whey protein isolate (WPI), nanochitosan (NCH), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and cinnamon essential oil (CEO). The in vitro antibacterial assay of the edible coating solution was performed against four food-born pathogens, consisting Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The antioxidant potency of the edible coating solution was evaluated by measuring its capability to scavenge free radicals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the coating decreased as the CEO concentration increased. The most significant difference in MIC and MBC was observed between the pure coating and the essential oil enriched coating group, which had the maximum essential oil concentration (1.5%). For Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria, this difference was 20% for MIC and 15% for MBC. For Escherichia coli, it was 15% for MIC and 20% for MBC. For Staphylococcus aureus, it was 20% for MIC and 20% for MBC. For Listeria monocytogenes, it was 15% for MIC and 20% for MBC. The antibacterial charachtristics of the coating were evaluated using the disc diffusion technique. The results showed that the coating exhibited considerable antibacterial efficacy against all tested pathogens. The coating also exhibited significant antioxidant activity (up to 5.7% more than the control group). These findings suggest that the coating based on WPI, NCH, BNC, and CEO has potential applications to improve the food safety.

The use of plant extracts or their compounds as antimicrobial agents for oral infections worldwide represents that herbal medicines could be used as an effective alternative method in oral health care. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibacterial effects of five traditional medicinal plant extracts on standard and clinical strains of bacteria and fungi causing dental caries.

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Zataria multiflora, Lawsonia alba, Zizyphus spina-christi, Myrtus communis, and Citrus aurantium were prepared using maceration method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the prepared extracts were evaluated against bacterial (Streptococcus sanguinis and S. mutans) and fungal (Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis) isolates using broth microdilution method.  

Aqueous extracts of the studied plants showed no antimicrobial effects on the studied microorganisms, except M. communis and C. aurantium. The results indicated the antimicrobial potency of the methanolic extract of M. communis (MIC range =2 to 64 µg/mL) against all the studied microorganisms, followed by Z. multiflora (MIC range = 512-2048 µg/mL), L. alba (MIC range = 1024-2048 µg/mL), C. aurantium (MIC range = 1024-4096 µg/mL), and Z. spina-christi (MIC range=2048- ˃4096 μg/mL).  Also, the lowest MMCs against the studied strains were related to the methanolic extract of M. communis (MMC range = 16-512 µg/mL).

The results showed remarkable antimicrobial effects of M. communis extract, which could be a suitable alternative to chemical mouthwashes to prevent and control oral infections.

 The fruits and leaves of Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees (Rosaceae) have been used for treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, prostatitis, and wounds and thus were evaluated in this study. 

 The leaves and stems methanol extracts were prepared by maceration and different fractions were obtained. Total phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids contents were measured. The phenolic profiles were determined by HPLC/DAD analysis. The antioxidant activity was tested. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated against epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and normal (HU02) cells by MTT assay. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against three pathogens. 

 The leaves ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 25.74±0.07 μg/mL) and the highest content of total phenolics (149.72±1.23 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity and phenolic content of leaves methanol extract were close to ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 26.26±0.13 μg/mL and 140.63±1.32 23 mg GAE/g, respectively). The leaves methanol fraction and methanol extract showed the highest flavonoids (58.87±0.71 mg QE/g) and tannins content (314.4±0.11 mg TAE/g), respectively. The leaves and stems methanol extract and methanol fraction exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 37.5 mg/mL). The most potent cytotoxic effect was for leaves ethyl acetate fraction (369.6±56.1 μg/mL). HPLC analysis proved the presence of gallic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin and rutin in leaves ethyl acetate fraction, and gallic acid and ferulic acid in leaves methanol fraction. 

 The leaves ethyl acetate and methanol fraction showed potential to be investigated in further studies.