جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "attitudes" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

HIV disclosure plays a crucial role in HIV prevention efforts because it allows individuals to make informed decisions about their sexual health and reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

This study aimed to explore the attitudes of HIV-infected women toward disclosing their diagnosis.

This qualitative study was conducted between June 2021 and September 2022 in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. Sixteen HIV-positive women were interviewed in-depth using a semi-structured interviewing process to gather qualitative data. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis.

The main theme that emerged from the analysis was a dual attitude toward HIV disclosure, consisting of two categories: Perceived well-being and perceived personal and social challenges. Perceived well-being included the promotion of well-being, gaining family support, and promoting compassion and understanding. Perceived personal and social challenges encompassed the stigma's shadow on interactions, breaches of confidentiality, facing legal challenges of marriage breakdown, and family well-being concerns.

The study highlights that negative attitudes toward HIV disclosure are primarily influenced by social factors. Nurses and midwives can play a key role in promoting acceptance and support for these individuals by advocating for culturally sensitive national programs, providing education to the community on HIV disclosure, and offering non-judgmental care.

Being exposed to high noise levels can cause hearing loss. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concerning basic school noise exposure and hearing loss among teachers.

This study was done using a set of questionnaires to assess KAPs related to noise exposure and hearing loss among 276 full-time basic school teachers in Ghana from January to October 2023. Pearson’s Chi-square analyses were done to determine the significance of the association between the dichotomized KAP domains and categorical variables. Also, binary logistic regression analyses of the risk factors for the dichotomized KAP were done.

77.9% had poor knowledge, while 22.1% of the teachers had good knowledge regarding noise exposure and hearing loss. 76.1% demonstrated negative attitudes regarding the significance of noise reduction within the school environment, audiometry, and the adoption of hearing protection devices. 23.9% of teachers had positive attitudes. 66.3% exhibited bad practices concerning audiometric testing, the supply and utilization of hearing protection devices, and health and safety training, while 33.7% adhered to commendable practices. There was an insignificant association at the 5% significance level between the dichotomized KAP domains and the categorical variables. Gender, age, and experience were all risk factors for dichotomized KAP.

Only a few of the basic school teachers had good knowledge (22.1%), positive attitudes (23.9%), and good practices (33.7%) to prevent occupational hearing loss. Therefore, there is a need to implement awareness and preventive programs.

COVID-19 has spread worldwide, affecting all continents and impacting several sectors of society. In the DRC, poor barriers to adherence and low vaccination coverage were some of the challenges faced during COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the acceptance, perceptions, and attitudes towards the existence of COVID-19 and the vaccine between medical students and the general population . An on-site cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2021 among medical students and the general population of Kinshasa. A 23-item questionnaire was administered to participants for convenience sampling. The questionnaire focused on sociodemographic data, perceptions, and attitudes towards COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney U and Pearson chi-square tests were used to determine associations between different variables, and logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptance. Of the 439 respondents, 223 (50.8%) were medical students, and 181 (41.2%) were female. The median patient age was 23 years. Overall, perceptions and attitudes were better among the medical students. The acceptance rate of the free vaccine was 51.5%, higher among medical students (p<0.01). However, 6.8% of the population reported having received the vaccine. Believing that the vaccine is beneficial (OR = 4.4), accepting that the vaccine is compulsory (OR = 4.0), and believing that the existence of COVID-19 in the DRC (OR = 3.1) were the most associated with vaccine acceptance . Awareness-raising actions, medical education, and access to information play crucial roles in managing health crises. More effective strategies are a priority for strengthening community engagement and adherence to health measures.

Context: 

This research focuses on the impact of HIV/AIDS on transgender communities, aiming to assess their knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of risk, and practices concerning HIV/AIDS.

Evidence Acquisition: 

During this systematic review, a variety of keywords, including HIV, AIDS, knowledge, attitudes, practices, behavior, action, risk perception, perceived risk, risk susceptibility, severity perception, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, benefit, barrier, health belief model, sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection, alcohol, drugs, amphetamine, opium, trans, transgender, transsexual, gender dysphoria were used. From Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar databases, 805 articles were initially identified and screened based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Exclusions were made for articles not in English and grey literature. Ultimately, 13 full-text articles met the selection criteria, adhering to COREQ and STROBE guidelines.

 The review encompassed studies involving 3,252 transgender participants. Among these, five articles evaluated knowledge levels, nearly all addressed attitudes (including perceived threats by 12 articles, perceived benefits/self-efficacy by three, and perceived barriers by seven), and 11 examined behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. The findings indicate a generally high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among transgender individuals, with peer health promoters playing a significant role in enhancing knowledge and facilitating access to health services. The perceived risk and severity of HIV/AIDS varied, with 52 - 82% acknowledging a perceived risk and 25 - 65% understanding the severity. The perceived benefits of HIV prevention were generally rated high, though self-efficacy in preventing HIV ranged from low to high. Barriers to HIV testing and accessing appropriate care were identified, including discrimination, distrust in health staff, lack of guidelines, and fear of test results or treatment side effects, among others. Risky sexual behaviors were common, with two-thirds engaging in such practices, 20% reporting 3 - 51 sexual partners, up to 91% having unprotected sex, around 60% using alcohol or drugs, 21 - 45% experiencing rape, and 14 - 68% being HIV-positive.

 In conclusion, the transgender community remains overlooked. Despite an adequate knowledge level and a moderate perception of HIV/AIDS risk, the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and significant barriers to accessing health services highlight the urgent need for establishing long-term healthcare facilities and an effective surveillance system for this marginalized group.

The female population above the age of 50 exhibits a higher inclination toward sedentary lifestyles compared to their counterparts. Moreover, physiological factors, such as breastfeeding, pregnancy, and menopause, render women more susceptible to ailments and disabilities. This study was conducted in an attempt to discern various elements contributing to women’s physical activity levels in Ilam town.

A targeted sampling approach was employed for this qualitative investigation. The data collection involved conducting individual interviews with 16 females who fell within the middle-aged bracket of 30–59 years in the year 2019 in Ilam town, Iran. These interviews followed a semi-structured format wherein open-ended questions were asked that aimed at gaining clear and comprehensive insights without any biasing influence. To derive patterns from these interviews, the content analysis method was utilized by identifying differences and similarities among codes, along with repetitions of semantic units. For this purpose, MAXQDA software (version 10) facilitated effective analysis.

Upon analyzing the obtained information from participants aged around 40, primarily homemakers; several categories emerged pertaining to advantages associated with regular physical activity, as cited by the respondents themselves. The overall outcome thus encompassed four distinct categories, disclosing beneficence related to consistent exercise engagement among them. The findings of the study were divided into three primary classifications, including comprehending the advantages of physical activity, explanatory factors, and persuasive factors. Additionally, there were barriers to regular physical activity that fell into seven major categories, including family, social, customary, economic, environmental, and cultural spheres. Each barrier encompassed both tangible and intangible aspects.

The participants provided accounts of various individual, socioeconomic, political, and environmental elements that fostered consistent engagement in physical activity. Moreover, the study subjects reported encountering a range of barriers and facilitators with respect to cultural and economic influences on their physical activity levels. Therefore, strategies devised to encourage women’s involvement in physical activity should primarily focus on bolstering social support knowledge and self-efficacy while concurrently minimizing or eliminating cultural and economic hindrances. These socio-cultural factors should also be considered when formulating future initiatives by communities, organizations, and policymakers so as to develop interventions that more effectively align with the needs and perspectives of women.

 Stressors during COVID-19, differing views on treatment and vaccination, and the relationship between COVID-19 infection and immune status have led to increased public interest in traditional and complementary medicine practices.

 This study was conducted to determine the beliefs, use levels, and attitudes of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) concerning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods.

 Snowball sampling was employed in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 694 people living in Turkey who had COVID-19 and agreed to voluntarily participate. The data were collected with the introductory information form and the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (HCAMQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v. 26.

 In the study, 62.8% of the participants stated that they used CAM after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.5% of the participants stated that they used CAM for coughing, 84.2% to relieve breathing, 79.6% for shortness of breath, and 73.6% for strengthening immunity. Women had a more positive attitude towards CAM when compared to men. As the income level elevated, the attitude towards holistic health became more positive.

 The individuals employed various herbal approaches after they had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and women had a more positive attitude towards CAM than men did.

</strong> Assessing dental students’ attitudes toward providing services to disadvantaged populations is essential for improving community-based training programs. Up to now, few scales have been developed to measure dental students' attitudes about deprived groups, among which the “Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward Underserved populations instrument” (DSATU) is a reliable questionnaire.

</strong> This study aimed to assess and confirm the validity and reliability of Persian version of the DSATU questionnaire.

</strong> In this validation study, translation and cultural adaptation were made by translation and back-translation method. A panel of experts assessed the face and content validity qualitatively. The content validity was assessed using a quantitative approach (which included the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). The item’s impact score was evaluated by dental students. The test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha were used to determine the reliability.

</strong> The questionnaire was revised and modified based on the validation results. Regarding CVR, two questions were excluded. Moreover, according to CVI and impact score results, eight questions were modified and corrected. Total cronbach’s alpha coefficient (=</strong> 0.831) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.83) were acceptable. The Pearson and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient indicated that the reliability was appropriate.

</strong> The introduced Persian version of the DSATU questionnaire is a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for Persian researchers who intend to evaluate the attitude of dental students toward underserved populations. Moreover, it can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based training programs in longitudinal studies.

</strong> Though there is an increase in the number of scientific programs, the quality of these sessions is not always optimal.

</strong> Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical fraternity with regard to participation in scientific programs.

</strong> A total of </strong>103 faculty members and postgraduates from all specialties of Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India, who attended at least one scientific program (conferences, workshops, symposiums, panel discussions, or CMEs) in the past one year, were included. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted over a period of three months in 2019. The content validity index (CVI) was computed to ascertain the validity of the questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha was conducted to ascertain the reliability of the questionnaire. The self-developed and validated questionnaire was distributed among respondents, and necessary filling out instructions were elaborated to them.

</strong> Out of 85 participants, 96.5% and 74% responded correctly to the definitions of workshop (n = 82) and conference (n = 63), respectively. The CVIs of individual questionnaire items were higher than 75%, and Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.60. The mean knowledge score was 3.14 ± 1.3, and demographic characteristics were not found to influence the knowledge score (p > 0.05). The ‘expertise of resource persons’ and ‘necessity of the topic’ were the major factors determining the tendency for participation in scientific programs, as agreed by 81.2% and 80% of the respondents, respectively (p</em> < 0.001). Out of 83% of the respondents who were satisfied with their participation in the last scientific program they attended, major reasons for satisfaction were ‘scientific content’ (63%) and ‘resource persons, speakers, or trainers’ (63%).

</strong> The results of this study can be insightful to organizing bodies for better understanding the prerequisites of conducting any scientific session.

Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards waste management, environmental factors of waste disposal sites and citizens’ as well as waste generators’ behaviors should be considered for implementing a waste segregation plan at the source.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study includes 150,000 households living in Kerman. The sample size is calculated as 444 individuals using a stratified sampling method considering a 15% withdrawal probability. The correlation between Kerman citizens’ demographic data (age,gender, mean income, and household head’s educational level) and behavioral patterns (knowledge and awareness, attitude and behavior) regarding waste management and environmental factors of waste disposal sites was evaluated using SPSS software.

Examining the variables indicates that attitude, environmental factors, behavior, awareness, and knowledge have the highest mean and standard deviation, respectively. The highest mean score of awareness and knowledge was observed among individuals who earned 40 million IRR and higher income (2.55 ± 0.24) and those who had a PhD degree (2.63 ± 0.27). The results show that one unit increase in the score of awareness and knowledge, attitude and environmental factors could increase the mean behavior score.

Teaching the households waste-related environmental issues and how to properly separate recyclable waste as well as providing correct information regarding the current (COVID-19 period) and future plans and policies of the waste management organization, and developing suitable motivational mechanisms could improve the performance level of a society.

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are blood-sucking insects that bite humans usually at night and cause nui sance, psychological and social problems. These insects are considered a health hazard in densely populated places such as prisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of inmates, soldiers, and prison staff regarding bed bugs in Mazandaran prisons.

This is a descriptive-analytical study in which 450 inmates and 210 staff (105 personnel and 105 soldiers) from prisons of Mazandaran Province were included in the study. Data on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the par ticipants regarding bed bugs were collected using a structured questionnaire. To determine the relative content validity coefficient, the questionnaire was assessed by 10 specialists in terms of difficulty, inappropriateness, and ambiguity of the phrases. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's Alpha and then the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The maximum mean scores of knowledges, attitude, and practice between the three target groups were 16.42%, 44.07% and 71.21% respectively. Prison staff had the highest knowledge and practice, and inmates showed the highest attitude regarding bed bugs. There was no significant difference between the knowledge and attitude of inmates, prison staff and soldiers (P> 0.05) but there was a significant difference in their practice (P< 0.05).

Results of this study confirmed that all three groups of people in the prisons need appropriate education regarding all aspects of bed bug including its control.

Feelings of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing in the elderly are associated with physical and psychological problems and increase the need for care services.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to feelings of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing in the elderly referred to centers covered by the country's pension fund

Methods and materials: 

This cross-sectional study was performed on 235 elderly people covered by the Rasht State Pension Fund who were selected by proportionate stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information checklist, Social and Emotional. Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and Aging Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regression model.

The majority of samples (52.3%) were in the age range of 60 to 64 years. 53.6% of them were male and 93.2% were married. 51.1%  had high school  diploma. The mean scores of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing were 6.0 ±27.7and 7.3± 81.1 respectively. loneliness score was different based on  education (P = 0.004), monthly income (P = 0.017) and interacting with others (P = 0.035) and attitudes towards was statistically significant different based on  age (P = 0.002), post-retirement employment (P = 0.044), living status (P = 0.005), use of psychiatric drugs (P = 0.008) and interacting with others (P = 0.043) . Also, after adjusting the effects of individual-social variables using multiple linear regression, the attitude toward ageing was considered as a predictor of loneliness (B=-0.22, CI95% ;-0.33 to -0.11, P=0.001).

Attitudes toward ageing are one of the predictors of loneliness in the elderly. Therefore, by modifying some demographic factors and designing interventions and educational programs, it is possible to change the attitude towards ageing and reduce the feeling of loneliness in the elderly.

Dentists are at an increased risk of encountering cross‑infections because of working in close proximity with oral mucosa and saliva making use of high‑speed rotary instruments during treatment generating large amount of aerosols and splatter which in turn increases the probability of nosocomial spread of infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dentists after the COVID‑19 pandemic.

The present cross‑sectional study was conducted using Google Forms wherein a well‑structured questionnaire composed of a total of 25 closed‑ended questions was distributed among practicing dentists through online mode. Step‑wise linear regression analysis was done to determine the influence of independent variables on the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of the participants. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

On analyzing the results, multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the knowledge scores among the participants, while good attitude and practice scores were significantly associated with higher qualification of the participants. Another noteworthy finding in the study was the significant correlation observed between the various components of the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among the participants (P < 0.05).

It could be concluded from the findings of the present survey that dentists were found to have good knowledge scores about the COVID‑19 pandemic. They should, however, pay more emphasis on practicing tele‑triaging and proper screening and should follow various guidelines and advisories issued from time to time by the competent authorities.