جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « attitudes » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

COVID-19 has spread worldwide, affecting all continents and impacting several sectors of society. In the DRC, poor barriers to adherence and low vaccination coverage were some of the challenges faced during COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the acceptance, perceptions, and attitudes towards the existence of COVID-19 and the vaccine between medical students and the general population . An on-site cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2021 among medical students and the general population of Kinshasa. A 23-item questionnaire was administered to participants for convenience sampling. The questionnaire focused on sociodemographic data, perceptions, and attitudes towards COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney U and Pearson chi-square tests were used to determine associations between different variables, and logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptance. Of the 439 respondents, 223 (50.8%) were medical students, and 181 (41.2%) were female. The median patient age was 23 years. Overall, perceptions and attitudes were better among the medical students. The acceptance rate of the free vaccine was 51.5%, higher among medical students (p<0.01). However, 6.8% of the population reported having received the vaccine. Believing that the vaccine is beneficial (OR = 4.4), accepting that the vaccine is compulsory (OR = 4.0), and believing that the existence of COVID-19 in the DRC (OR = 3.1) were the most associated with vaccine acceptance . Awareness-raising actions, medical education, and access to information play crucial roles in managing health crises. More effective strategies are a priority for strengthening community engagement and adherence to health measures.

Context: 

This research focuses on the impact of HIV/AIDS on transgender communities, aiming to assess their knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of risk, and practices concerning HIV/AIDS.

Evidence Acquisition: 

During this systematic review, a variety of keywords, including HIV, AIDS, knowledge, attitudes, practices, behavior, action, risk perception, perceived risk, risk susceptibility, severity perception, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, benefit, barrier, health belief model, sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection, alcohol, drugs, amphetamine, opium, trans, transgender, transsexual, gender dysphoria were used. From Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar databases, 805 articles were initially identified and screened based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Exclusions were made for articles not in English and grey literature. Ultimately, 13 full-text articles met the selection criteria, adhering to COREQ and STROBE guidelines.

 The review encompassed studies involving 3,252 transgender participants. Among these, five articles evaluated knowledge levels, nearly all addressed attitudes (including perceived threats by 12 articles, perceived benefits/self-efficacy by three, and perceived barriers by seven), and 11 examined behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. The findings indicate a generally high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among transgender individuals, with peer health promoters playing a significant role in enhancing knowledge and facilitating access to health services. The perceived risk and severity of HIV/AIDS varied, with 52 - 82% acknowledging a perceived risk and 25 - 65% understanding the severity. The perceived benefits of HIV prevention were generally rated high, though self-efficacy in preventing HIV ranged from low to high. Barriers to HIV testing and accessing appropriate care were identified, including discrimination, distrust in health staff, lack of guidelines, and fear of test results or treatment side effects, among others. Risky sexual behaviors were common, with two-thirds engaging in such practices, 20% reporting 3 - 51 sexual partners, up to 91% having unprotected sex, around 60% using alcohol or drugs, 21 - 45% experiencing rape, and 14 - 68% being HIV-positive.

 In conclusion, the transgender community remains overlooked. Despite an adequate knowledge level and a moderate perception of HIV/AIDS risk, the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and significant barriers to accessing health services highlight the urgent need for establishing long-term healthcare facilities and an effective surveillance system for this marginalized group.

The female population above the age of 50 exhibits a higher inclination toward sedentary lifestyles compared to their counterparts. Moreover, physiological factors, such as breastfeeding, pregnancy, and menopause, render women more susceptible to ailments and disabilities. This study was conducted in an attempt to discern various elements contributing to women’s physical activity levels in Ilam town.

A targeted sampling approach was employed for this qualitative investigation. The data collection involved conducting individual interviews with 16 females who fell within the middle-aged bracket of 30–59 years in the year 2019 in Ilam town, Iran. These interviews followed a semi-structured format wherein open-ended questions were asked that aimed at gaining clear and comprehensive insights without any biasing influence. To derive patterns from these interviews, the content analysis method was utilized by identifying differences and similarities among codes, along with repetitions of semantic units. For this purpose, MAXQDA software (version 10) facilitated effective analysis.

Upon analyzing the obtained information from participants aged around 40, primarily homemakers; several categories emerged pertaining to advantages associated with regular physical activity, as cited by the respondents themselves. The overall outcome thus encompassed four distinct categories, disclosing beneficence related to consistent exercise engagement among them. The findings of the study were divided into three primary classifications, including comprehending the advantages of physical activity, explanatory factors, and persuasive factors. Additionally, there were barriers to regular physical activity that fell into seven major categories, including family, social, customary, economic, environmental, and cultural spheres. Each barrier encompassed both tangible and intangible aspects.

The participants provided accounts of various individual, socioeconomic, political, and environmental elements that fostered consistent engagement in physical activity. Moreover, the study subjects reported encountering a range of barriers and facilitators with respect to cultural and economic influences on their physical activity levels. Therefore, strategies devised to encourage women’s involvement in physical activity should primarily focus on bolstering social support knowledge and self-efficacy while concurrently minimizing or eliminating cultural and economic hindrances. These socio-cultural factors should also be considered when formulating future initiatives by communities, organizations, and policymakers so as to develop interventions that more effectively align with the needs and perspectives of women.

 Stressors during COVID-19, differing views on treatment and vaccination, and the relationship between COVID-19 infection and immune status have led to increased public interest in traditional and complementary medicine practices.

 This study was conducted to determine the beliefs, use levels, and attitudes of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) concerning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods.

 Snowball sampling was employed in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 694 people living in Turkey who had COVID-19 and agreed to voluntarily participate. The data were collected with the introductory information form and the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (HCAMQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v. 26.

 In the study, 62.8% of the participants stated that they used CAM after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.5% of the participants stated that they used CAM for coughing, 84.2% to relieve breathing, 79.6% for shortness of breath, and 73.6% for strengthening immunity. Women had a more positive attitude towards CAM when compared to men. As the income level elevated, the attitude towards holistic health became more positive.

 The individuals employed various herbal approaches after they had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and women had a more positive attitude towards CAM than men did.

Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards waste management, environmental factors of waste disposal sites and citizens’ as well as waste generators’ behaviors should be considered for implementing a waste segregation plan at the source.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study includes 150,000 households living in Kerman. The sample size is calculated as 444 individuals using a stratified sampling method considering a 15% withdrawal probability. The correlation between Kerman citizens’ demographic data (age,gender, mean income, and household head’s educational level) and behavioral patterns (knowledge and awareness, attitude and behavior) regarding waste management and environmental factors of waste disposal sites was evaluated using SPSS software.

Examining the variables indicates that attitude, environmental factors, behavior, awareness, and knowledge have the highest mean and standard deviation, respectively. The highest mean score of awareness and knowledge was observed among individuals who earned 40 million IRR and higher income (2.55 ± 0.24) and those who had a PhD degree (2.63 ± 0.27). The results show that one unit increase in the score of awareness and knowledge, attitude and environmental factors could increase the mean behavior score.

Teaching the households waste-related environmental issues and how to properly separate recyclable waste as well as providing correct information regarding the current (COVID-19 period) and future plans and policies of the waste management organization, and developing suitable motivational mechanisms could improve the performance level of a society.

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are blood-sucking insects that bite humans usually at night and cause nui sance, psychological and social problems. These insects are considered a health hazard in densely populated places such as prisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of inmates, soldiers, and prison staff regarding bed bugs in Mazandaran prisons.

This is a descriptive-analytical study in which 450 inmates and 210 staff (105 personnel and 105 soldiers) from prisons of Mazandaran Province were included in the study. Data on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the par ticipants regarding bed bugs were collected using a structured questionnaire. To determine the relative content validity coefficient, the questionnaire was assessed by 10 specialists in terms of difficulty, inappropriateness, and ambiguity of the phrases. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's Alpha and then the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The maximum mean scores of knowledges, attitude, and practice between the three target groups were 16.42%, 44.07% and 71.21% respectively. Prison staff had the highest knowledge and practice, and inmates showed the highest attitude regarding bed bugs. There was no significant difference between the knowledge and attitude of inmates, prison staff and soldiers (P> 0.05) but there was a significant difference in their practice (P< 0.05).

Results of this study confirmed that all three groups of people in the prisons need appropriate education regarding all aspects of bed bug including its control.

Feelings of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing in the elderly are associated with physical and psychological problems and increase the need for care services.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to feelings of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing in the elderly referred to centers covered by the country's pension fund

Methods and materials: 

This cross-sectional study was performed on 235 elderly people covered by the Rasht State Pension Fund who were selected by proportionate stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information checklist, Social and Emotional. Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and Aging Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regression model.

The majority of samples (52.3%) were in the age range of 60 to 64 years. 53.6% of them were male and 93.2% were married. 51.1%  had high school  diploma. The mean scores of loneliness and attitudes toward ageing were 6.0 ±27.7and 7.3± 81.1 respectively. loneliness score was different based on  education (P = 0.004), monthly income (P = 0.017) and interacting with others (P = 0.035) and attitudes towards was statistically significant different based on  age (P = 0.002), post-retirement employment (P = 0.044), living status (P = 0.005), use of psychiatric drugs (P = 0.008) and interacting with others (P = 0.043) . Also, after adjusting the effects of individual-social variables using multiple linear regression, the attitude toward ageing was considered as a predictor of loneliness (B=-0.22, CI95% ;-0.33 to -0.11, P=0.001).

Attitudes toward ageing are one of the predictors of loneliness in the elderly. Therefore, by modifying some demographic factors and designing interventions and educational programs, it is possible to change the attitude towards ageing and reduce the feeling of loneliness in the elderly.

Dentists are at an increased risk of encountering cross‑infections because of working in close proximity with oral mucosa and saliva making use of high‑speed rotary instruments during treatment generating large amount of aerosols and splatter which in turn increases the probability of nosocomial spread of infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dentists after the COVID‑19 pandemic.

The present cross‑sectional study was conducted using Google Forms wherein a well‑structured questionnaire composed of a total of 25 closed‑ended questions was distributed among practicing dentists through online mode. Step‑wise linear regression analysis was done to determine the influence of independent variables on the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of the participants. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

On analyzing the results, multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the knowledge scores among the participants, while good attitude and practice scores were significantly associated with higher qualification of the participants. Another noteworthy finding in the study was the significant correlation observed between the various components of the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among the participants (P < 0.05).

It could be concluded from the findings of the present survey that dentists were found to have good knowledge scores about the COVID‑19 pandemic. They should, however, pay more emphasis on practicing tele‑triaging and proper screening and should follow various guidelines and advisories issued from time to time by the competent authorities.

An oral examination might reveal important diagnostic information regarding a patient’s general health. There are several natural changes in the soft tissue structures of the mouth that may resemble a pathological condition. The aim of this research was to develop an educational web- based application for diagnosis in oral medicine and evaluation of the students’ attitudes towards it. This educational intervention involved one sample group and was conducted from September to December 2019. In the first step, the educational software was designed based on the ADDIE instructional design model. In the second step, 30 dental students were selected by census sampling, and their attitudes towards the designed educational web application were assessed. The web-based educational application was developed using the asp.net web form framework and the #c programming language. The standard kaplan educational product questionnaire was used to assess dental students’ attitudes. Descriptive statistics including the mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency were used. Statistical significance was calculated for the components of the questionnaire using the one sample t-test and the cutoff point of 3. SPSS V26 was used to analyze the tests. The majority of students had positive attitudes in all 12 domains of the questionnaire including objectives (P=0.0001), assessment (P=0.0001), practice (P=0.0001), examples (P=0.0001), information (P=0.001), multimedia (P=0.028), overviews (P=0.011), integration (P=0.144), motivation (P=0.0001); organization (P=0.003), usability (P=0.0001), and personalization (P=0.144) which were significantly greater than average and were acceptable. Despite the difference between the two domains (integration and personalization) with the average score, no statistically significant difference was seen. The innovative educational software was successfully developed. The results revealed that students were extremely satisfied with the quality of the educational software. As a result, it can be effectively employed as a teaching aid when combined with conventional education.

Providing adolescents with information to understand their sexual health is critical to promote healthy sexual development, reducing the negative consequences of risky sexual behaviors, and creating a foundation for healthy adulthood. This study aimed to identify the recent empirical evidence on new methodologies for improved sexual health outcomes among adolescents.

Methods & Materials: 

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials guided the PICO question, "What knowledge and attitudes do high school students obtain when confronted with new methodologies for teaching sexuality compared to traditional teaching?" regardless of geographic location, race/ethnicity, or gender criteria, concerning adolescents, was conducted. The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched in December 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews were used to assess methodological quality. Data were synthesized across studies and presented narratively.

Thirteen articles were included for review, involving 11.262 participants. The duration of the interventions with new methodologies ranged from a few hours to three months. New methodologies on sexual health education to improve high school student's knowledge and attitudes were divided into four types: digital and Internet-based intervention, curriculum-based intervention, training-based intervention, and peer group bonding-based intervention.

These results provide healthcare professionals with additional strategies that may be integrated into school health programs regarding sex education.

The patients’ companions need to take precautionary measures in the hospital for taking care of their patients. The relevant studies have not focused on the precautionary measures of the patients’ companions. Considering this issue, this study aimed to determine the companions' knowledge, attitude, and practice which enabled them to take the safety precautions against Covid-19 in infectious wards.

This study was a descriptive-analytical study. The researchers used convenience sampling to select 284 companions of the patients with Covid-19 in teaching hospitals in Kashan (Iran) from June to September 2021 as the participants of the study. The data collection instrument was a self-report researcher-developed questionnaire which examined the companions’ knowledge, attitude, and practice which enabled them to take care of their patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v16 software. The Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation tests were used to analyze the obtained data.

The results of the study showed that the companions’ level of knowledge (11.27±5.01) was weak. Nonetheless, their attitude (99.84±16.50) and practice (94.69±12.32) were moderate and acceptable. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the companions’ familial relationship with the patient, history of participation in the Covid-19 training classes, education, and occupation and their knowledge, attitude, and practice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the companions’ history of being in the hospital as a companion of Covid-19 patients and the mean values of their attitude and practice (p < 0.05). Finally, on the basis of the results, there was a significant relationship between the mean values of the companions' practice and their knowledge and attitude (p < 0.05).

Companions are not provided with satisfactory education regarding precautionary measures in the hospital wards. Therefore, there is a need for the protocols which inform them about the precautionary measures in hospitals.

 Although radiography tests are beneficial in diagnosing various diseases, they have some risks for patients and radiology staff, which will be minimized if observing radiation protection standards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of radiographers regarding radiation protection in the radiology departments of Bandar Abbas.

 This work was performed as a descriptive-analytical study. A questionnaire consisting of 38 items was distributed among all radiographers in Bandar Abbas. Information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by appropriate nonparametric tests and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the distribution of scores. Finally, linear regression was employed to determine the effect of each independent variable on the knowledge score.

 The participation rate of radiographers was 53.9%. The means and standard deviations of scores assigned to attitude, knowledge, and performance in the field of radiation protection were 65.36±27.11, 36.36±17.72, and 46.66±19.60, respectively. The relationship between age and experience of radiographers with their attitude, knowledge, and practice was significant (P>0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between their attitudes in terms of the place of service (P<0.05).

 The results of this study revealed that radiographers with different levels of age, education, and work experience have almost the same level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. They had an appropriate attitude and practice in the field of radiation protection.

  In 2017, the Chinese government launched a pilot project in hospice care (HC), in which Shanghai was a pioneer. Healthcare provider knowledge, attitudes, and practices in hospice care (KAPHC) may facilitate or hinder HC development. To determine how to design targeted training for healthcare providers and policies to improve their KAPHC, we conducted an original study based on an indigenized KAPHC scale to (a) comprehensively measure the KAPHC baseline of healthcare providers in Shanghai and (b) explore its influencing factors.

  A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate healthcare providers’ KAPHC with the indigenized KAPHC scale.  Descriptive analysis, linear regression, and Pearson’s (r) correlation analysis were performed to uncover providers’ KAPHC, its influencing factors, and their correlations.

The KAPHC scale proved applicable to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the large sample of providers we surveyed. The 7027 KAPHC scaling results revealed that 42.44% of participants had HC experience and 57.49% were willing to provide HC. The mean accuracy of the responses related to knowledge was 59.30%. Scoring rates for attitudes, confidence, and self-reported practices were 74.20%, 73.96%, and 75.55%, respectively. The linear regression revealed that higher KAPHC scores were associated with experience and willingness and varied with professional specializations. The Pearson’s (r) correlation evidenced that HC practices were strongly correlated with confidence (r = 0.648, P < .001) and moderately correlated with attitudes (r = 0.463, P < .001).

  We uncovered that targeted training for enhancing healthcare provider KAPHC in Shanghai should focus on psychological and spiritual care, the management of pain and other symptoms, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Additionally, training should be scaled up for providers with different characteristics. Meanwhile, policy should encourage providers to work enthusiastically in HC—universal high-quality HC requires well-trained, supported, and motivated providers.