جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "brain drain" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Brain drain is a multidimensional and complex concept. Due to the fact that this concept has not been identified in nursing, it is necessary to analyze this concept.

To analyze the concept of brain drain in nursing using Rogers' evolutionary method.

from available reliable scientific databases such as: Medline, ProQuest, Cinahel, Science direct, magiran, pubmed, scopus, wiley, web of science, Google Scholar, SID, Iranmedex and in the time range of 2003-2023, which search from Persian keywords brain drain and nursing and their English equivalent brain drain and nursing were used in the title and abstract of the articles. In total, out of 96 articles, 24 were selected for review. After selecting the data sources, data collection and analysis was done and the information related to the attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept was summarized and coded.

The characteristics of the concept of brain drain include the following 5 characteristics: individual motivation and decisions, external obstacles and facilitators, freedom of choice, migration as a human right and dynamic movement. Antecedents include push factors, pull factors, and grab factors, as well as consequences, including positive and negative consequences.

The brain drain is affected by pushing, pulling and grab factors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in nurse migration, but there is little primary research, so research is suggested to guide practice, policy, or research.

Brain drain is a phenomenon that has become more widespread in recent decades. This issue is gradually becoming a crisis in Iran. Considering the importance of maintaining the elites in the country, this study endeavors to offer solutions to manage this crisis.

In this qualitative study, the opinions of experts on the issue of brain darin were received and analyzed using a crowdsourcing system. Coding method, content analysis and Maxqda10.2 qualitative data analysis software were used to analyse data.

Key results were classified into three main categories: causes of brain drain, its consequences and management strategies. Data analysis lead to extraction of three main categories including: 1) causes of elite migration with two subcategories of repulsive factors of origin and gravity of destination countries;  2) consequences of elite migration with 2 subcategories of elite migration threats and elite migration opportunities; and 3) elite migration strategies with six subcategories of accurate problem recognition, reforming the nurturing system and supporting the elites, establishing and strengthening the system of innovation, reforming the administrative system and meritocracy, promoting the status and dignity of human resources,  fulfilment of the obligationof macro-policymakers.

Elites tend to migrate due to repulsion of the country of origin and multiplicity ofattractions in the destination country. Policymakers in various fields are expected to develop clear programs and laws to manage and eliminate retention of elites and strengthen attractions to prevent the brain drain.

Elite and efficient human resources play a vital role in the various national arenas and, therefore, their good management is crucial. Elite migration or brain drain among developing countries is of great importance, as these countries lose more capital in the process of international human capital flows, and their development is usually slowed by this phenomenon. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the extent and mechanism of the impact of elite migration on the development of home countries as well as presenting opportunities and challenges for policymaking in this field.

The study was systematically reviewed using the PRISMA protocol in international (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and national databases (SID, Magiran, ISC). According to PICOS strategy, published papers until July 2019 in both English and Persian language using a variety of combinations of keywords; brain drain, challenges, developed country, development, migration, elite, policy, developing country and their Persian equivalent was searched. After searching and selecting articles, the text of the final articles was evaluated with the help of PRISMA checklist. Finally, the relationship between elite migration and development and related policies was presented as narrative synthesis.

With a detailed review of the final analyzed papers; can identify factors and variables affecting the three main issues that are central to migration and development: a) brain drain and development; b) the financial flows in result of elite migration; c) the the role of immigrant elite communities in development. By systematically reviewing the papers, we find that the potential impacts of elite migration on development is complex and multidimensional which require multidimensional response from policymakers. The impacts of elite migration can be positive or negative depending on the country, economic and social trends of the country and create opportunities or constraints for economic, social and human development.

In general, immigrant elite societies can play an important role in the economic, social and political development of their home countries. Immigrant elite communities can be the source of ideas, knowledge and skills, and social capital. Communications and networks of elite immigrant communities with their home country can serve as an important channel for enhancing the positive impacts of immigration on the country of origin. However, many developing countries, including Iran, still suffer from elite immigration or brain drain. Therefore, in order to realize the positive effects of elite migration, there is a need for rigorous and comprehensive policymaking that will undoubtedly include challenges such as the need for significant international dialogue and cooperation.