جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « breastfeeding » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic on health systems worldwide has been associated with less attention to maternal support in breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of breastfeeding mothers, during the COVID‑19 pandemic, and the impact of the pandemic on breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.

A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted by means of in‑depth semi‑structured interviews. The study participants included 28 mothers who had children aged 0 to 12 months, lived in Guilan Province, Iran, and had breastfed their children at least once after March 2021. Conventional content analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection.

Data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories and nine subcategories: in the shadow of peace (receiving correct information from reliable sources, observing health and quarantine principles, and enjoying the awareness of not having COVID‑19 [both the mother and the infant]), under the stress (information poverty, invalid and stressful information, and stressful association of underlying diseases), and in the delusion of exposure (refusal to breastfeed, and non‑compliance with recommendations).

Mothers’ breastfeeding experiences during the COVID‑19 pandemic indicate factors such as receiving or not receiving breastfeeding support, quarantine and the resulting stress, and exposure to conflicting information. Mothers felt that their experience with breastfeeding during the pandemic encouraged them to continue breastfeeding, but it is important to support breastfeeding mothers. Monitoring and supporting vulnerable groups such as breastfeeding mothers, for mental health problems during the COVID‑19 pandemic, should be considered during the planning phase.

 Breastfeeding provides several positive health benefits for the newborn child, yet breastfeeding rates remain low in the United States (US). Theory-based approaches have the potential to improve breastfeeding promotion interventions. Hence, the study examined the correlates of intention to breastfeed among US pregnant women based on the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change.

 Using a cross-sectional design, a 36-item online survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of 315 pregnant women in the US. The instrument was psychometrically validated for face, content, and construct validity by a panel of six experts over two rounds. Further, construct validation was done by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Hierarchical regression modeling was employed to explain the intention to start breastfeeding and sustain exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months and with complementary foods for up to 24 months.

 Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha was found to be acceptable. It was found that behavioral confidence and changes in the physical environment positively affected the initiation of breastfeeding (P<0.01; adjusted R2=0.478). All three constructs of MTM namely practice for change, emotional transformation, and changes in the social environment were significant predictors for the sustenance of breastfeeding at six months (P<0.01; adjusted R2=0.591) and at 24 months (P<0.01; adjusted R2=0.347).

 Based on the findings of this study it is essential for educators and healthcare providers to design MTM-based interventions to promote breastfeeding among pregnant women in the US.

The prevalence and mortality of CVD in women increase over time. We conducted this research to evaluate the severity of coronary artery disease with the number of live births and breastfeeding duration.

Patients aged 30-50 years old with positive exercise tests or evidence of cardiac ischemia who were candidates for coronary angiography were included. All the participants had at least one child. Syntax score was used to evaluate the severity of coronary arteries.

Mean number of children was 3.72±1.85, in those patients with <2 live births no one had a syntax score≥1, but in the>5 live births group most patients had a syntax score≥1. In patients with zero syntax score, it was estimated as 4.91±39.7; in patients with 1≤ syntax score, it was 4.48±7.29 (P =0.76). Among patients with > 5 birth lives, those with higher syntax scores had older ages (P=0.497). After adjusting age, the association between live births and syntax score became non-significant (P=0.850).

By increasing the number of live births >5, the severity of coronary artery disease, increases. However, this association was not significant after adjusting the age of patients.

The prevalence of breastfeeding is less common among adolescent mothers than adultmothers. These mothers experience various issues during breastfeeding. The present study aimed toexplore the normative needs of adolescent mothers during breastfeeding from health care providers’perspective. This qualitative content analysis study was conducted from October 2022 until June 2023.14 health care providers who had worked in the field of breast milk were purposefully selected withmaximum variation. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted and sampling continueduntil data saturation. Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman’s method withMAXQDA software version 10. The main concepts obtained from the data were classified into one theme entitled,“comprehensive support”, and seven categories including “need to correct wrong traditional beliefs”,“educational and counseling needs”, “providing quality services”, “need for psychological support”,“need for protective laws”, “financial needs”, and “the need for social network support”. Adolescent mothers in Iran have various needs during breastfeeding, and they requirethe assistance of their families, healthcare providers, and the government to fulfill them. Therefore, itis also recommended that policymakers in the health system should design policies to accommodatethe requirements of this group of mothers. In addition to policy development in the health system, theinfrastructure required for policy and law to be executed should be considered.

Undoubtedly, breastfeeding has beneficial consequences for the health of infants and their mothers as well as many benefits for families. Restrictions, quarantine, and social distancing from COVID-19 have led to the separation of mothers and infants after birth. This study aims to consolidate the results of studies on the effects of COVID-19 on breastfeeding since the beginning of the pandemic.

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) standard guidelines were used to follow up the review process and report results. Based on this, from the beginning of December 2019 to January 30, 2023, all relevant articles were extracted from CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Risk bias assessment of articles was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.

Of the 110 articles searched, 11 articles on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding in 2020 and 2021 were finally included in the systematic review. COVID-19 hurt the breastfeeding process in various studies. Also, it led to adverse effects on maternal performance in neonatal care, change in the hospital admission procedure for delivery, no skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby at birth, hospitalization of the baby in a separate room, and no recommendation for breastfeeding.

Mother-baby separation hurts the mother-child relationship and can disrupt breastfeeding. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in this area to examine the possibility of vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus through breast milk with more determination and to take effective steps to improve the health of mothers and children.

Gavage feeding is associated with adverse effects, such as irritations in the mouth, hyperactivity, problems in gag reflex, bradycardia, and the parents’ unacceptance. Accordingly, it is essential to undertake a comprehensive review of the effects of breast milk and other pleasant odors that may reduce the transition time from gavage to oral feeding in preterm infants.

Aim of review is to compare of effects of breast milk and other pleasant odors with the control group on the transition from gavage to oral feeding in preterm infants.

In this systematic review, online English databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched without any time limitation up to February 10, 2022. The modified Jadad scale was also used to assess the quality of the articles. The inclusion criteria comprised all clinical trials evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on odors on the transition from gavage to oral feeding in preterm infants.

8 studies were assessed with the effects of aroma inhalation on the transition from gavage to oral feeding. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that preterm infants transitioned from tube feeding (gavage) to oral feeding earlier in the groups stimulated by pleasant odors (standardized mean difference [SMD]=₋0.47, 95% CI, ₋0.64%, ₋0.3%, heterogeneity, P=0.32; I2=13%, 8 trials) and odor of breast milk (SMD=₋0.61, 95% CI, ₋0.64%, ₋0.31%, heterogeneity, P=0.85, I2=0%, 6 trials) in comparison to the control group. 

Our meta-analysis supports using breast milk and other pleasant odors as a safe and noninvasive way of reducing the transition time from gavage to oral feeding in preterm infants. Health providers should use effective and family-friendly interventions to care for their premature infants.

Due to the importance of breastfeeding and the necessity of identifying the factors affecting the creation and promotion of this behavior, this study aims to determine the relationship between sleeping place, duration of weaning time, and breastfeeding in Children aged 2-3 years.

This study was descriptive and analytical-correlational research in 2021. The participants were 214 children aged 2-3 years old from the health centers of Ramsar city, Iran. The sampling method of the present study was convenient. The tool of the study was a researcher-made questionnaire on infant sleeping places and breastfeeding. The data were entered into SPSS 16 and analyzed using the univariate chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance(P = 0.05).

Exclusive feeding 69.2% (148 people) of children who were exclusively breastfed and in the usual place of sleep, 36.4% (78 people) of children slept in a shared bed with adults, and 57.5% (123 people) shared a room. However, in a separate bed, 1.6% (13 people) slept in a separate room. The average age of weaning in children sleeping in a shared room in the mother’s bed and next to the mother is 1.27 times and 1.30 times that of children sleeping in a separate room, respectively. The relationship between Infant’s sleeping place and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.005), age of weaning onset (P = 0.007), length of weaning (P = 0.018), and definite age of weaning (P = 0.014) was significant. 56.5% of infants (n = 121) were female, and 56.1% (n = 120) had the first birth rank. Breast milk exclusively fed 69.2% (n = 148) of infants.

The results showed that the place of sleep has a significant relationship with the exclusive feeding of milk and the age at which the child is weaned. The results of this study can be useful in planning interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding and increase the duration of feeding infants with breast milk.

Exploring the determinants of unmarried women’s attitude towards Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can help develop context-specific interventions that create a safe EBF culture among future mothers. Investigating the determinants of attitude toward EBF among non-health college female students in Saudi Arabia using path analysis. A descriptive exploratory study was conducted at three randomly selected university campuses (Riyadh, Dammam, and Jeddah) in Saudi Arabia. Using multistage cluster random sampling, 500 unmarried female students were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from February to May 2022 using a digital survey of four sections: personal data and prior breastfeeding exposure, attitude toward EBF scale, knowledge scale, and perceived social support scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The highest percentage of the participants had a positive attitude toward EBF (59.8%), average levels of knowledge (46.0%), prior breastfeeding exposure (60.8%), and positive perceived social support (54.0%). The path model fits the data perfectly [χ2=0.000, DF=0, CIMN=0.000, GFI=0.999, NFI=0.999, CFI=0.999, PCFI =0.999]. Knowledge (β=0.301) perceived social support (β=0.227), and prior breastfeeding exposure (β=0.211) (P<0.001) directly and significantly predicted attitude toward EBF, with significant positive correlations with each other (P<0.001). The linear regression model predicted a 3.8% variance in attitude toward EBF, where increasing age (β=0.139, P=0.002) and income level (β=0.124, P=0.006) were significant predictors of positive attitude, however, the place of residence was not (β=0.016, P=0.724). Unmarried Saudi female university students' knowledge of EBF was the strongest determinant of their attitude toward EBF followed by perceived social support, prior breastfeeding exposure, and increased age and income level. Thus, targeted educational interventions and mass campaigns on EBF are crucial to promote EBF among future generations.

This study aimed to assess the level of breastfeeding (BF) knowledge and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with BF among mothers.

The participants were given a questionnaire containing 20 questions regarding their knowledge of BF practices and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The responses were reported as mean, standard deviation (SD), number (n), frequencies (f), and percentages (%).

The study included 941 participants aged 18 to 49, with a median age of 31-35. Nearly half (47.9%; n = 451) of participants had no knowledge of the health advantages of BF. Furthermore, 82.6% (n = 777) of participants did not receive educational courses or information about childbirth during pregnancy or postnatal. Moreover, 42.7% (n = 402) reported BF-related musculoskeletal pain. The results showed that the least common information provided by doctors or other healthcare providers to mothers was that BF could reduce the risk of some types of cancer (13.6%; n = 128) and asthma and shortness of breath in children (14.1%; n = 133). The most common information was that breastfed children are at a lower risk of getting sick than formula-fed children (41.7%; n = 392).

The study showed a lack of knowledge regarding the benefits of BF and a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among BF mothers in Saudi Arabia. We strongly recommend increasing the number of educational courses that provide knowledge and skills related to BF practices and appropriate positioning during BF.

The study was conducted to examine the traditional and complementary practices used by women to increase breast milk and wean their children from breastfeeding.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 254 mothers aged 20-45 lived in Cyprus. Mothers who had breastfed and stopped breastfeeding were included in the study. The data were collected by using an introductory information form prepared based on the literature, about breastfeeding and weaning process. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the data.

64% of the participants started breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 58% only breastfed for the first 6 months, and 16% breastfed for 24 months or more. Also women consumed mostly water and herbal tea (mostly fennel) and bulgur to increase breast milk.

Although it was determined that mothers did not use many traditional methods when weaning their children, it was a remarkable finding that weaning by talking to the child was used less. It is recommended that education and counselling services be increased in order to increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and to follow evidence-based practices at the stages of increasing breast milk and weaning.

Given the negative effect of postoperative pharmacological pain control on breastfeeding, the present study aimed to compare the effects of reflexology and Benson relaxation methods on pain, breastfeeding, and infant weight gain in women undergoing a cesarean section (C/S).

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 135 women undergoing a C/S in the Gynecology Ward of Bushehr Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr, Iran, in 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling, and randomly divided into three groups of foot reflexology, Benson relaxation, and control. The interventions were performed two hours post-operation and six hours after the first intervention. The pain score was measured and recorded immediately, and 30 and 60 minutes after each intervention. Breastfeeding frequency and duration were also assessed in the first 18 hours of birth. The infants’ weight was assessed at birth and 10 days later. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics, chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U or one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon test and logistic regression analysis.

There was a larger decrease in the pain score of the reflexology and Benson relaxation (P < 0.01) groups after the first and second interventions, compared to the control group. The breastfeeding frequency was higher in the two intervention groups, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the rate of return to the birth weight in ten days of birth was higher in the reflexology (P < 0.01) and Benson groups (P < 0.05) than the control group.

Both the reflexology and the Benson relaxation methods effectively decreased pain and increased breastfeeding frequency and the infant’s weight gain.

People all over the world, including pregnant women, have experienced stress and anxiety due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic. Providing services during the pandemic is something that midwives in primary health care cannot avoid. This study assesses a midwife’s knowledge, attitude, and anxiety toward providing maternal care during the pandemic.

A cross‑sectional design was used in this study, which involved 183 midwives who provided midwifery services at hospitals and health centers and had experience with the perinatal and breastfeeding phases. Using the Google Forms tool, respondents completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety toward maternal care during the COVID‑19 pandemic.

One hundred eighty‑two midwives (99.50%) understood maternal care well during the COVID‑19 pandemic. In addition, the maternal care provided during the COVID‑19 pandemic was viewed favorably by almost all the participants. The percentage of midwives working in primary care in the perinatal phase who had moderate‑to‑severe anxiety levels during the COVID‑19 pandemic was 17 women (27.42%).

The knowledge and attitudes of midwives about the COVID‑19 pandemic in this study were good, and there was a smaller percentage of midwives with an extreme level of anxiety.

 This study aimed to determine breastfeeding women's feelings, thoughts, and experiences during COVID-19.

 This qualitative research was conducted in a research hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The study focused on women who had given birth in the postpartum clinic, and it involved in-depth interviews with 42 participants on their first day of maternity. The interviews were recorded using a tape recorder. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

 Four main themes and 12 subthemes were developed, namely: fear (catching the disease, not being able to breastfeed, infecting the baby), strain (loneliness, lack of social support, feeling sad and inadequate), lack of knowledge (social isolation, compliance with hygiene rules, taking action), and requirement (need for information, expectation of help, increasing mother support).

 Women may be vulnerable postpartum due to restrictions on access to social support systems and isolation.

 Community behavior regarding culture and myths about breastfeeding needs to be changed through a psychological approach to providing education or psychoeducation. The myth of breastfeeding is a legacy passed down from generation to generation, so in overcoming this problem, it is necessary to involve the family, both parents and husband. This research aimed to analyze the effect of lactation psychoeducation using a comprehensive video-based model on maternal anxiety levels in breastfeeding.

 This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pre- and post-test one-group design from June to August 2023 in all postpartum mothers in the working area of the Surabaya City health center. The sample size used the total population, namely 213 respondents. The instrument used was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire to measure anxiety before and after providing lactation psychoeducation. Data was analyzed using the paired T-test.

 Before being given lactation psychoeducation, 18.3% experienced severe anxiety, which then decreased to 0.9% after being given lactation psychoeducation. Moderate anxiety level before being given psychoeducation was 35.7 to 20.7%. The level of mild anxiety before being given psychoeducation was 18.3% to 0.9% after being given psychoeducation (p<0.0001).

 Lactation psychoeducation using a comprehensive video-based model influences anxiety levels in breastfeeding.

Marital satisfaction (MS) is a multidimensional concept related to the individual characteristics of couples, the dynamics of inter-spousal relationships, and intergenerational attachments. We aimed to determine the predictive model of marital satisfaction in breastfeeding primiparous women based on demographic information.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2015 on 160 primiparous breastfeeding women with full-term, healthy, singleton infant who had been referred to the health centers of Babol, north of Iran, for the two-month vaccination. The research samples were selected using the convenience sampling method among ten centers in Babol, selected randomly through a lottery. They completed the demographic information form and the Persian version of the 47-items Enrich's marital satisfaction scale (EMS) in a self-report manner. The obtained scores were converted into scale scores (0-100). Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential statistics (Student's t-test, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple regression tests) at a confidence level of 0.05. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapirovilk tests were used as appropriate.

The means± SD marital satisfaction score of breastfeeding primiparous women was 86.05±12.91 (High Level). The three variables of spouse's education (X1), Spouse participation in housework (X2), and age of marriage (X3) were able to predict the level of marital satisfaction (using the formula Y = 33.89 + 2.02 X1 + 4.17 X2 + 0.40 X3). There was no relationship between marital satisfaction with age, spouse's age, employment status, spouse's employment status, education, type of delivery, type of marriage, income, and housing status.

The increase in spouse's education, spouse's participation in the home, and marriage age were associated with higher marital satisfaction. Based on the three mentioned variables, the prediction model obtained can be used to estimate the marital satisfaction of breastfeeding primiparous women.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) refers to a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed her baby and it is a key factor during breastfeeding. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between BSE and its related factors with the history of COVID-19 during childbirth in breastfeeding mothers.
The present ambidirectional cohort study was conducted on 60 breastfeeding mothers who were divided into two study and control groups. Participants were selected randomly from referrals to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. To collect data, a BSE questionnaire a checklist consisting of midwifery-demographic and baseline characteristics were completed through interviews. Chi-square test, t-test, univariate binary, and multivariable logistic regression were applied for analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Although the study and control groups were homogeneous in terms of baseline characteristics, they differed significantly in terms of delivery type of, NICU admission, and skin contact as midwifery-demographic factors (P<0.01). Breastfeeding self-efficacy mean score (BSES) in the control and study groups were 52.33 and 39.56, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). According to univariate binary logistic regression analysis, type of delivery, NICU admission, and COVID-19 were significantly related to poor BSE (P<0.05). Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, a positive test result for COVID-19 during childbirth was the only statistically significant predictor of BSES (P=0.02).
In the present study, the positive test result for COVID-19 was the only significant predictor of BSE during childbirth.

This study aims at understanding the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding among mothers and the factors associated with good knowledge about breastfeeding.

A cross-sectional study among 251 mothers of infants admitted in the pediatric wards of SAT Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram was conducted during November-December 2019. The mothers of infants born between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation and without major birth defects were included in the study. The data were entered into an MS Excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 26.0. Significance of association was tested using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression test.

The mean age of the participants was 26.25 (SD 4) years. On multivariable analysis, higher education and older age were found to be significantly associated with good knowledge. Independent sample T-Test results show that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean age of mothers with good knowledge (26.4(±4), 25.14(±3.7)), p-0.015 and statistically significant association was found between the mean attitude scores (34.07(5.58)) with current breastfeeding practices (p=0.002). Chi-square test shows that exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with the mother’s age (p=0.006); 64.2% of women practicing exclusive breastfeeding were less than 25 years of age. This study also demonstrated a significant association between the initiation of breastfeeding within an hour and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.003).

This study shows that mothers with higher age and higher educational qualifications were significantly associated with good knowledge about breastfeeding. Even though mothers have good knowledge, nearly half the mothers only exclusively breastfeed their infants for six months. Improving the educational qualification of women and increasing awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding among young women will promote breastfeeding practices.

Women in conflict are vulnerable to health and nutrition risks. Anemia and underweight are the common risks faced by women particularly in war torn countries. Yemen is one of the most affected places that has a fragile public health system due to the conflict. Increasing conflict has put women’s health and wellbeing at risk and has severely affected their nutritional development. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between underweight and anemia with different risk factors among married women in Yemen.

This study used the data from Yemen demographic health survey-2013 (YDHS-2013) of married women aged 15-59 year. Bivariate and multivariate logistic models were used to study the association between anemia and underweight with various socio-economic and maternal health risk factors.

A positive and significant association of socio-economic and maternal health risk factors was found with anemia and underweight.  Women belonging to more prosperous groups had the lowest odds of underweight [OR=0.30, P<0.001)] and anemia [OR=0.61, P<0.001). The study also examined some key risk factors like breast feeding, iron supplements and contraceptive use among women and found a positive and significant association of these risk factors with underweight and anemia.

Nutritional challenges have to be addressed especially in the country like Yemen. The results clearly indicate that women in Yemen are facing acute nutritional risks of underweight and anemia. Therefore, policy interventions are required to address their nutritional needs and also empower them economically to minimize these nutritional risks. Moreover, nutrition related interventions are required to attain the targets for sustainable development goals in Yemen