جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « chest x-ray » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Dose Area Product (DAP) is a quantity for radiation risk assessment in diagnostic X-ray tests. Children's tissues are up to 10 times more sensitive to radiation than adults, and life expectancy is higher in children than adults, as well as a higher risk of hematopoietic and mass malignancies in them. Therefore, this study aimed to measure DAP values for X-ray fields adjusted by Birjand radio-technologists in chest X-rays of children under 12 years of age.

233 children from Birjand University hospitals who performed chest X-rays were included in the study. To collect data related to DAP, the DAP meter model KermaX plus SDP was used. It should be noted that no intervention was performed in the patient's imaging method and at the time of radiation and measurement of the DAP values, there was no need for the patient's presence. In the end, the measured DAP values were compared with DAP values of other studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 at 5% error level using Anova, t-test, and Pearson correlation tests.

Out of 233 patients who were included in the study, 134 males (57.5%) and 99 females (42.5%) participated in the study, it should be noted that there was no significant difference between the mean of DAP in male and female (p=0.52). In our study, the average DAP was 5.78 ± 3.54 μGy.m2 and DAP values in the range of 0.55 μGy.m2 to 15.54 μGy.m2 that were higher than the average of other studies and there was a significant difference. There was a direct relationship between radiation field dimensions and DAP values so that as the dimensions of the radiation field increase, the DAP value increases. There was a significant difference between the mean DAP of the lowest and the highest age groups, lowest and the highest age groups, and lowest and the highest height groups of patients.

In our study, it was observed that there is a significant relationship between patients' weight, age, and height, radiation field dimensions with DAP values. The amount of DAP in the present study was significantly higher than in other studies. The most important effective parameter in DAP is the radiation field size and if sufficient optimization is done in imaging parameters (kVp, mAS, field size), the DAP values will be greatly reduced.

Chest X-ray (CXR) is known as the most common radiography used for adult and pediatric patients worldwide. Improper X-ray field collimation can result in excessive radiation dose on non-thoracic organs in chest radiographs.

This study was to investigate X-ray field collimation quality in neonatal chest radiography.

A total of 213 chest radiographs of neonates from three hospitals were analyzed for collimation quality assessment in a retrospective study. Accordingly, ideal imaging field (IIF) and current imaging field (CIF) were initially defined. The margins of the IIF included acromioclavicular (AC) level to lower costal margin (i.e. top to bottom) and one centimeter beyond the broadest area of the chest on each side (that is, right to left). The CIF size was also defined as the square borders of collimators.

The findings revealed that the area of the CIF was 1.65 ± 0.39 times to the ideal imaging firlddd (IIF) for three hospitals, suggesting that collimation quality in neonatal chest radiographs was not accurate and it had defects. According to the results, acceptable collimation percentage (36.6%) in Hospital A was more than that in two other centers, and the given center also provided the lowest radiation due to the exposure of non-thoracic structures to primary beams.

It was concluded that training radiographers and using patient immobilization devices and stabilizers were important points that could reduce radiation exposure to non-thoracic organs in pediatric CXR.

Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging, especially when the real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is not available or it is negative. In this study, we evaluated imaging and laboratory findings in a group of patients with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

A total of 163 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a specialised respiratory centre in Tehran, Iran were enrolled in this study. The distribution and characteristics of presenting radiological and laboratory findings were evaluated and the relationship to the outcome was investigated.

RT PCR was positive in 92 patients. The diagnosis of COVID-19 in RT-PCR negative patients was made on clinical and radiological grounds (n=71). Also, 24 (14.7%) patients died. The common computed tomography (CT) scan findings included ground-glass (94%) and consolidating opacification (12%), mainly in the lower lobes (90%). Peripheral and central lung changes were observed in 90% and 52% of patients, respectively. Lymphopenia, positive CRP, and raised LDH were present in 32%, 65%, and 96% of cases, respectively. A raised LDH of >500U/L was the best predictor of death in these patients (R2=0.6623; OR=24.4). Other markers of outcome were male gender, age (>50 years), lymphopenia, and severe CXR changes.

Diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging, and a multidisciplinary approach is often needed. Whilst RT-PCR is the standard diagnostic test, a negative test should be interpreted with caution. Blood tests and imaging can be useful in the diagnosis, monitoring, and risk assessment in patients with COVID-19.

During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), fewer children were involved compared to adults, and fewer data about the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children are available. The aim of this study was to review chest CT findings in children with COVID-19.

To perform this review study, the main databases of Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar search engine were searched until May 2020 in English with keywords of "COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, Clinical Features, Children, Pediatrics, Chest CT, and Computed Tomography" were searched. The related studies were reviewed and selected by two reviewers. The kappa statistic between the two authors was 78% for selecting the articles.

Based on the 17 evaluated studies, the most frequent abnormalities were respectively patchy shadowing, ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidations mostly surrounded with halo sign, and interlobular septal thickening. The lesions were commonly multiple, patchy, nodular, and bilateral; however, they could be single, local, unilateral, and dense in some cases; and most of the lesions have been detected in the right lower lobe.

Compared to adults infected with SARS CoV-2, the symptoms were milder and the lungs chest CT imaging indicated smaller lung involvement in pediatrics; however, the patterns of imaging changes were almost similar.

Influenza viruses are classified into three types of A, B, and C, with H1N1 being a member of the influenza A subtype. The majority of people infected with influenza, namely H1N1, exhibit self-limited, uncomplicated, and acute febrile respiratory symptoms, or are asymptomatic. However, severe disease and complications due to infection, including hospitalization and death may occur. One of the most prominent features of influenza infections are radiologic findings in chest X-rays, computed tomographic scan, and angiographies.

In a descriptive-analytical study, all patients who were diagnosed with H1N1 at the Sina Educational-Medical Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran) from September 2015 to September 2016 were analyzed based on age, clinical presentation, and radiological findings.

A total of 53 cases, 30 females (57%) and 23 males (43%), were included in the study. The mean age was 48.45 ± 1.7. The most common clinical presentation was myalgia (92.5%). Chest X-ray (CXR) was done in all patients, 35 cases (66%) were found with bilateral abnormality, 11 cases (20.8%) without abnormality, and seven cases (13.2%) with unilateral abnormality. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan was also done on all patients, 33 cases (62.2%) were found with bilateral abnormality, 17 cases (32%) without abnormality, and three cases (5.6%) with unilateral abnormality. CT angiography was done in eight patients; none of the patients showed any signs of pulmonary embolism. It was observed that CXR and CT-scan were both precise in studying radiological findings in H1N1.

The majority of patients had revealed bilateral abnormality in radiographic findings, and unilateral involvement was less common; in addition, involvement in the superior lobes of the lungs were more common than the basal lobes. CXR and CT scans had no significant difference in diagnosing the disease.

Congenital absence of the pericardium is a rare condition. Diagnosis and management of this condition remain a dilemma for clinicians. Here, we report a case of 15-year-old boy who had complaint of palpitation. Considering the echocardiographic features, pericardial agenesis associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) was suspected and multimodality imaging was performed for subsequent confirmation. Mal-aligned septum leads to failure in ASD device closure; therefore, the defect was repaired surgically by using a Dacron patch. Physicians need to be aware of this disorder and its associated congenital abnormalities, to enable them to make a correct diagnosis and treatment plan.

Imaging in the clinical study has a significant value in medical diagnosing and the following diseases. The characteristic signs of imaging are a clue in approach to differential diagnosis. A conventional chest x-ray radiography is a more prevalent image used in the initial clinical assessment of pulmonary diseases. Iran is one of the 9 countries with a 95% burden of tuberculosis in the Eastern Mediterranian region. Chest radiography is the initial imaging for the evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis.