جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « citalopram » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Since there is a bi‐directional interaction between hypertension and depression, we aimed to evaluate the effects of citalopram administration in the management of hypertension.

 A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 72 patients with concomitant depression and hypertension. The intervention group (n=41) received citalopram 20 mg daily plus anti-hypertensive standard treatment, while the control group (n=31) received only the standard treatment. The study’s primary endpoint was in-office blood pressure (BP) measurement at baseline and home BP monitoring in the first and second months after entering the study.

 There were no significant differences in baseline systolic BP (163.3±19.6 vs.164.2±20.3 mm Hg; P=0.910) and diastolic BP (94.5±13.8 vs. 88.2±14.4; P=0.071). After one month, diastolic BP (82.7±11.7 vs. 77.09±12.2; P=0.023) was significantly higher in the control group compared to the intervention group. Two months after the intervention, systolic BP (133.8±16.5 vs. 124.5±12.4; P=0.009) and diastolic BP (80.7±10.3 vs. 73.7±9.7; P=0.002) were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group.

 This study supported the beneficial effects of citalopram in lowering BP in patients with concomitant depression and hypertension.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SSRIs on the expression of miRNAs and their protein targets. In a 100 day open-label study of citalopram (n=25) and sertraline (n=25), levels of miRNA 16, 132, and 124 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin transporter (SERT) protein expression were measured by QRT-PCR and western blot in healthy control (n=20), patients with depression at the baseline, and same patients after 100 days of treatment. Expression levels of GR and BDNF proteins were lower in the depressed group before treatment as compared with the healthy group (P<0.0001). The SERT level was higher among the depressed group before treatment in comparison with the healthy group (P<0.0001). The level of GR and BDNF significantly increased, and SERT expression decreased after receiving sertraline (P<0.05). When the depressed group received citalopram, only SERT and GR were altered (P<0.05). Among the microRNAs’ expression investigated, mir-124 and mir-132 were higher, and mir-16 was lower among the depressed compared with the healthy group (P<0.0001). Individuals receiving citalopram only showed an increase in the expression of mir-16 while administration of sertraline led to a significant increase in the expression of mir-16 and a decrease in mir-124 and mir-132 (P<0.05). This elucidated the relationship between antidepressant treatment and the expression of different microRNA that control gene expression in various pathways involved in depressed patients.  Receiving SSRI can affect the level of these proteins and their relevant microRNAs.

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric  ymptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is little evidence to guide depression treatment in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare citalopram and pramipexole in reducing depressive symptoms in  atients with PD.

In the present 8?week randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of pramipexole versus citalopram in the treatment of depression in PD patients. For this purpose, 44 PD patients with depression randomly received open?label oral citalopram tablets or pramipexole and their depression, quality of life, and daytime sleepiness scores were evaluated at baseline and after the 8?week trial period. 

The median age of the patients was 64 years, and about 85% of them were male in both groups. The Beck Depression Inventory score, Parkinson’s disease summary index (PDSI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were  ignificantly decreased (P < 0.05) in both citalopram and pramipexole  roups throughout this period and without significant difference (P > 0.05) between these two groups, except for PDSI score which showed significant  mprovement in pramipexole group compared with citalopram group (P < 0.0001, r = 0.319). There were neither serious adverse effects nor  reatment discontinuation due to the adverse effects.

The  esults indicated that both citalopram and pramipexole were effective in the alleviation of depression and improving the quality of life in PD patients;  owever, pramipexole was seemed to be slightly more beneficial on quality of life in these patients. Therefore, pramipexole seems to be an effective treatment for depression in addition to its benefits for motor symptoms of PD patients.

< p>Computer-aided drug design provides broad structural modifications to evolving bioactive molecules without an immediate requirement to observe synthetic restraints or tedious protocols. Subsequently, the most promising guidelines with regard to synthetic and biological resources may be focused on upcoming steps. Molecular docking is common in-silico drug design techniques since it predicts ligand-receptor interaction modes and associated binding affinities. Current docking simulations suffer serious constraints in estimating accurate ligand-receptor binding affinities despite several advantages and historical results. Response surface method (RSM) is an efficient statistical approach for modeling and optimization of various pharmaceutical systems. With the aim of unveiling the full potential of RSM in optimizing molecular docking simulations, this study particularly focused on binding affinity prediction of citalopram-serotonin transporter (SERT) and donepezil-acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) complexes. For this purpose, Box-Behnken design of experiments (DOE) was used to develop a trial matrix for simultaneous variations of AutoDock4.2 driven binding affinity data with selected factor levels. Responses of all docking trials were considered as estimated protein inhibition constants with regard to validated data for each drug. The output matrix was subjected to statistical analysis and constructing polynomial quadratic models. Numerical optimization steps to attain ideal docking accuracies revealed that more accurate results might be envisaged through the best combination of factor levels and considering factor interactions. Results of the current study indicated that the application of RSM in molecular docking simulations might lead to optimized docking protocols with more stable estimates of ligand-target interactions and hence better correlation of in-silico in-vitro data.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used in the treatment of many types of mental disorders. Citalopram is commonly used as a new generation of SSRIs in this regard; however, unfortunately, its overdose is associated with seizure and heart disorders. The reported case in the present study indicated recurrent seizures, nonspecific ST-T changes, and prolonged QT interval due to the overuse of citalopram. The patient had bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation along with right proximal humerus fracture that was occurred during the seizure. The dislocation was initially reduced and then fixed. Moreover, the seizure was controlled with diazepam without any problems, and cardiac monitoring continued for 2 days. Massive citalopram overdose may be associated with recurrent seizures and QT prolongation. Complications postseizures, such as shoulder dislocations, should be examined for and managed appropriately.

Serotonin toxicity is a common but often unrecognized toxicological condition. In most cases, a combination of two or more serotonergic drugs can cause serotonin syndrome. We describe a case of serotonin toxicity in a 17-year-old woman, secondary to suicidal ingestion of 1000 mg lamotrigine and 400 mg citalopram, which has been rarely reported. Our patient had a medical history of depression and was treated with lamotrigine and citalopram. She was brought to the emergency room with nausea, diaphoresis, agitation, shivering, tremor, vertigo, ataxia, mydriasis, nystagmus, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tachycardia, tachypnea, and mild fever. The symptoms and signs were resolved within 3 days following hydration, sedation, and cyproheptadine. Minor cardiovascular symptoms are probably due to the less toxic dose of citalopram. Lamotrigine, especially in combination with other serotonergic drugs, should be considered a cause of serotonin toxicity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of citalopram on the prevention of migraine headaches as compared to placebo.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients diagnosed with migraine headaches based on the guidelines of the International Headache Society. 226 patients who met inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to two control and intervention groups. The treatment group was treated with citalopram 30 mg daily for two months and the control group was given placebo the same amount as the treatment group. All the patients were assessed at the beginning of the trial and after 1 month and 2 months and the frequency, severity and duration of their headaches were documented using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Behavioral Rating Scale (BRS-6). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software.   

Even though initially there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the severity, duration and frequency of episodes of migraine (P>0.05), the same parameters had drastic changes after the first and second months of treatment and the differences between the citalopram and placebo group regarding severity, duration and frequency of migraine episodes were statistically significant (P<0.05).

The outcome of this experiment showed that citalopram, a serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI), possibly through a serotonin-lowering mechanism, results in less exposure of the CNS to this agent, leading to less frequent, less severe and shorter migraine episodes. This medication appears to be useful as a preventive drug used to treat and maintain episodes of migraine headaches, especially in individuals suffering from both migraine headaches and clinical depression.

Ordered nanoporous silica such as SBA-15 has a great potential for application in controlled drug release systems. Chemical modification of the silanol groups of SBA-15 allows better control over drug loading and release. Therefore, tris(2-aminoethyl) amine-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 was evaluated as a potential carrier for the delivery of citalopram.

Tris (2-aminoethyl) amine-functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized and characterized by various methods. Citalopram was loaded on the functionalized SBA-15 and drug release into simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and phosphate buffers was investigated.

The optimal condition for loading of the citalopram was obtained at pH = 9 after stirring for 5 minutes. The release profile of citalopram was monitored in phosphate buffers with three different pH values of 5, 7, and 8. A faster release rate at lower pH value was observed, suggesting a weaker interaction because of the protonation of the amino group of the functionalized SBA15. The average release rate of citalopram from each gram of functionalized SBA-15 was 12 µg h-1 in the SBF.

The results showed that loading amount and release rate of citalopram depended on pH value and the release process showed a very slow release pattern. Therefore, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine-functionalized SBA-15 is a suitable carrier for controlled release of citalopram and has a great potential for disease therapy.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a new psychotherapy for depression. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of citalopram and MCT on major depressive disorders (MDDs).

A total of 36 patients with MDD were randomly assigned into three groups of citalopram (n = 12), MCT (n = 16), and control (n = 8). MCT group received ten sessions of metacognition therapy. Citalopram group received 20–40 mg citalopram, and the control group did not receive any interventions. Outcomes were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory‑II, Metacognition Questionnaire‑30, and Cognitive‑Emotion Regulation (CER) Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA using SPSS version 18.

Depression score reduction was significant in both citalopram and metacognitive groups (P < 0.05). However, there was only a statistically significant difference between MCT and control group in CER and metacognition.

MCT and citalopram both are effective in symptom reduction in MDD. Furthermore, MCT could lead to more improvement in metacognition, depression symptoms, and CER than citalopram, when treating MDDs.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a debilitating disorder with few limited treatment modalities. Because of the proven association between BMS symptoms, and depression and anxiety, treatment modalities that alleviate the two latter etiologic factors can be clinically effective. Thus, owing to the antidepressant and potential analgesic effects of crocin (as an active constituent of saffron), the present study was performed to compare the effect of crocin and citalopram (as control) on BMS symptoms and depression/anxiety in patients with BMS. The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on BMS patients. Patients were randomly divided into citalopram (n=21) and crocin (n=26) groups and treated for 11 weeks. BMS symptoms (based on Visual Analysis Scale (VAS)), as well as anxiety and depression (based on Hamilton questionnaire) were evaluated at baseline and during the treatment period.  Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square test, Independent t-test, Friedman, and Spearman correlation were employed for statistical analysis. Our findings showed a significant effect for crocin on the severity of BMS symptoms, anxiety and depression in BMS patients. Crocin can be considered for treatment of BMS subjects with concurrent anxiety and/or depression.

Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 as a safe and well-tolerated antidepressant; the use of it may result in rare and sometimes dangerous side effects. Diplopia is a rare adverse effect of citalopram that comes with double vision and disrupts daily living. Currently, only two cases of citalopram-related diplopia have been internationally reported. The current paper presents a third reported case of diplopia following citalopram use in a healthy subject. A 47-year-old man involved in an accident was subsequently affected by serious depression. Following 6 months of a 40-mg daily dose of citalopram, the patient complained of itchy irritated eyes and double vision symptomatic of diplopia. He was referred to an eye specialist, who confirmed no apparent problems following an examination of the eye. After a decrease in the dose of citalopram, the eye symptoms steadily decreased and eventually disappeared. The rapid disappearance of diplopia subsequent to the discontinuing use of citalopram suggests an association between the adverse reaction and the medicine. As a result, it is recommended that physicians inform patients of the possibility of induction of diplopia related to the use of citalopram and other SSRIs. In the future, the prescription of SSRIs at higher doses may be ordered with and on the recommendation of patients, who have been aware of the risks of the drug.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in breast cancer patients. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of group psychotherapy on breast cancer patients with depressive disorder who took citalopram. This clinical trial was conducted on 40 breast cancer patients with depressive disorder. The control group received citalopram 20-40 mg/ day for 12 weeks and the intervention group participated in 8 sessions of group psychotherapy in addition to the same dose of citalopram. At the baseline and 3, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment, patients were followed- up. Treatment outcomes and quality of life were compared between the 2 groups. Overall, the depression score of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline with the mean of 11.6±1.6 was signed in the range of clinical depression and after intervention it declined to 8.8±3.6 (in the 3rd week), 7.1±3.9 (6th week), and 5.9±4.5 (12th week). Furthermore, HADS anxiety score at baseline with the mean of 12.6±2.6 was signed in the range of clinical anxiety and after intervention it declined to 9.1±3.0, 7.3±4.1, and 6.0±4.0, respectively. This improvement was significantly more in the combined therapy intervention group (p<0.001). The mean score of quality of life based on WHO QOL-BREF questionnaire increased by 1.85 fold in the case group, improved from 44.09 to 81.70, while the slight change was observed in the control group (p<0.001). During the treatment, no significant adverse drug event was observed in the 2 groups (p>0.05). Group psychotherapy has a significant effect on improving depression, anxiety, and quality of life in breast cancer patients

Sexual dysfunction is a common cause of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) withdrawal. Various studies indicate that decreased oxytocin is involved as a mechanism of delayed ejaculation induced by SSRIs. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate and compare sexual dysfunction and oxytocin levels in women being treated with either fluoxetine or citalopram. Thirty-nine women with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder were enrolled in the study. A baseline blood sample was collected and each participant was given either fluoxetine 20 mg/d or citalopram 20 mg/d. After 1 month, a second blood sample was collected and sexual dysfunction was evaluated via the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Twenty-three women completed the study (12 and 11 in the fluoxetine and citalopram groups, respectively). After 1 month, the FSFI scores were 22.8 ± 7.8 and 22.5 ± 4.8 in the fluoxetine and citalopram groups, respectively. The oxytocin levels were 187.8 ± 38.8 pg/mL and 214.6 ± 23.1 pg/mL in the fluoxetine and citalopram groups, respectively. Statistical analysis did not reveal any difference in the FSFI score between the two groups after 1 month (p = 0.89). However, the oxytocin levels were significantly lower in the fluoxetine group than in the citalopram group (p = 0.05). We also observed a positive relationship between the FSFI score and oxytocin level at 1 month after starting fluoxetine or citalopram (r = 0.43, p = 0.04).A positive relationship between the oxytocin level and FSFI score supports the hypothesis that the oxytocin level plays a role in sexual dysfunction induced by SSRIs.

Augmentation therapy involves the addition of a second drug, such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and nutritional supplements, to a primary antidepressant treatment. Studies on adding folic acid to a preexisting antidepressive regimen as a form of augmentation therapy have had different and even controversial results.
This study aimed to determine the effects that adding folic acid to a pharmaceutical diet with citalopram has on the treatment of depression.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in Kashan, Iran on 90 patients who suffered from depression. Patients were allocated to study groups using random permuted blocks. One group (n = 45) received a dosage of 20 mg citalopram in combination with 2.5 mg folic acid on a daily basis, and the other group (n = 45) received the same daily dose of citalopram with a placebo for eight weeks. To measure the severity of each patient’s depression, the Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) questionnaire was used prior to starting the antidepressant therapy and was repeated four, six, and eight weeks after beginning the treatment. A reduction from the original BDI-II scores that was greater than 50% was considered to be a response to treatment.
The average depression scores before treatment were 30.11 ± 10.41 in the intervention group and 31.24 ± 10.26 in the control group (P = 0.6). At the end of the study, the depression scores in the intervention and the control groups were 13.31 ± 6.57 and 19.11 ± 8.59, respectively (P Folic acid, when used as a complementary therapy, can improve a patient’s response to antidepressants used for the treatment of major depression.