جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cohesion » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Family formation begins with the union of a man and a woman, and one of the manifestations of a successful married life is the establishment of constructive interactions between husband and wife (1) Marriage plays an important role in the mental health of individuals, and if married life does not meet the needs of couples, not only will mental health not be realized, but it will also have negative consequences (2) Evidence shows that dissatisfaction in marital relationships and emotional breakdown between couples leads them to divorce or divorce (3). The goal of couples participating in family and couple therapies is to improve exchanges, increase trust, resolve conflicts and strengthen intimacy between themselves despite the persistence of problems (8). When the family is considered as a system, the processes of this system such as communication, exchange patterns and boundaries, hierarchy, adaptation and family functioning are better understood. Families and couples change their growth path in response to stressful situations, and Olson's complex circular pattern can well illustrate these changes. The complex cyclical pattern of family and marital systems expanded to fill the gap between research, theory, and practice in systems theory. This model focuses on communication systems and integrates three dimensions of the family. These three dimensions have been repeatedly discussed in family therapy perspectives and models. These three dimensions include cohesion, adaptability, and communication (9). Consistency addresses the issue of how systems strike a balance between separation and coexistence (5, 6). Adaptability refers to the degree to which family members or couples are able to change relationships, plans, and rules (5). Communication The third dimension is a complex circular pattern that is considered as a facilitator dimension. Using positive communication skills helps couples and families change their levels of attachment and adaptability so that they can meet their situational and developmental needs (11).
Different theories and perspectives have been proposed on marital and family conflicts and the intervention methods have been developed based on these approaches, one of which is the structural family therapy approach. The emphasis of family therapy is on the family as a whole, which consists of subsystems within the family (12). The effectiveness of this approach has been shown in research in solving couples' problems (14, 15). Another approach to couple therapy is Guttman couple therapy (16,17). The effectiveness of Guttman couple therapy has been shown in several studies, including in solving couples' problems (23-25).
Given the importance of Olson's Circumplex Model, it seems necessary to use approaches that can bring the couple's cohesion, adaptability, and level of communication to a desirable level, Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the compare the effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy on the cohesion, adaptability and communication of incompatible couples.

The population of this study includes of non-adjustment couples referring to Behbahan Education Counseling Clinic in the first half of 1398, sample of 45 couples from this community was selected by available method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. First, pre-test was taken from all three groups and then the experimental groups were exposed to Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy for 8 sessions and 90 minutes each session (one session per week). At the end of the sessions, all three groups underwent post-test and 1.5 months later underwent follow-up test. Participants completed the family adaptability and cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III) and the Communication level subscale of the ENRICH Scale. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy significantly improved the cohesion, adaptability and communication of non-adjustment couples, Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two approaches shows a significant difference in favor of Gottman couple therapy group in the variables of cohesion and adaptability, and structural family therapy in the variable of communication. The results also showed that the effectiveness of these two approaches continued until the follow-up stage. The results were discussed in detail on the effectiveness of these approaches.

The results showed that both approaches improved the cohesion, adaptability and level of communication in the experimental group. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (23،24،30). From the point of view of structural family therapy, changing the organization or structure of the family leads to better communication between family members and the construction of family boundaries, one of which is the pattern of marital communication, leads to healthy family functioning (13). Explaining the effect of structural family therapy on couple cohesion, adaptability and communication, we can say; Structural theory, by creating harmony between family members, especially the sub-system of marriage, creates a suitable structure and increases the closeness and cohesion of couples (13). This approach contributes to the health of couples and makes them feel better together by influencing family boundaries and making the boundaries within the family healthier. Structural family therapy helps couples to have a sense of individuality and a sense of belonging to the group by teaching them sufficient flexibility within clear boundaries and with proper functioning. In proper demarcation, the couple forms a stable system that helps them to show greater flexibility in making decisions and changing relationships and patterns.
On the other hand, the findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research that have proven the effectiveness of Guttman's approach in solving couples' problems. (23،24،30). Explaining the significance of the effectiveness of Guttman couple therapy on cohesion, adaptability and couple’s communication, it can be said that according to Guttman, expressing interest, admiration and respect helps couples to get closer to each other and to Perform joint activities together on a daily basis. In a lasting marriage, the couple usually compromises and gently resolves their issues in favor of the parties (31). Also, teaching couples common sense leads them to establish a relationship with each other and to support their spouse's rules and suggestions. The effect of Guttman couple therapy on couple’s communication can also be said; Communication is a vital and important dimension in a couple's functioning, training in positive communication skills helps couples to meet their developmental needs. One of the things that hurts a couple's positive relationship is conflict. Conflict is inevitable in marital relationships. Guttman's theory teaches how to resolve conflicts and targets negative emotions during conflicts. Also, the results of comparing the two approaches showed that Guttman couple therapy has a greater effect on couples' cohesion and adaptability than structural family therapy. This difference in effectiveness can be related to the nature of Guttman couple therapy approach. On the other hand, the results showed that structural family therapy has a greater effect on couples' communication than Guttman couple therapy, which is also due to the structural emphasis on concepts such as family structure, interactions between members and family reconstruction (12). The statistical population, available sampling, and the design of the present study present limitations on the generalizations and interpretations that need to be considered. According to the results, it seems that structural family therapy and Guttman couple therapy can help to improve the psychological and marital characteristics of couples seeking divorce.

After the birth of their first child, couples often become confused about becoming adaptable to their new living conditions and satisfying the need for emotional intimacy in line with the desired parenting style. Coping with the child-rearing problems and managing the caregiving responsibilities may make the marital relationship more complicated. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on cohesion, adaptability, emotional intimacy and quality of communication in couples after the birth of the first child.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with control group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all the parents with a child under the age of 5 who was attending a kindergarten in Rasht during March to September 2019. The sample included 16 couples (8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group) who were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received nine 90-min sessions of emotionally focused couple therapy and the control group was put on the waiting list to receive the intervention. All participants were assessed at pretest and posttest stages through using the Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III (FACESIII), (Olson et al., 1985), Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships Scale (Schaefer & Olson, 1981) and Quality of Communication between Couples (Khoshkam, 2006). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

Findings showed that the emotionally focused couple therapy was positively effective on cohesion (F=500.492, P< 0.001), adaptability (F=231.225, P< 0.001), emotional intimacy (F=1362.482, P< 0.01) and quality of communication between the parents (F=244.444, P< 0.0001).

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that emotionally focused couple therapy can improve the intimacy between the parents and increase their satisfaction with each other through influencing the effective communication style, developing the emotional bond, identifying beliefs and background of coupleschr('39') attachment, understanding the relation between behavior and thoughts and emotions and developing realistic expectations about parenting, especially after the birth of the first child.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of Guttman couple therapy and structural family therapy on cohesion, adaptability and incompatible couple relationships.

The research population includes maladapted couples referring to Behbahan Education Counseling Center in the first half of 2019. A sample of 30 couples from this population was selected by available methods and randomly divided into two experimental groups Were controlled. The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. First, pre-test was taken from both groups and then the experimental group underwent combination therapy for 8 sessions per week.

After the sessions, both groups underwent post-test and 1.5 months later underwent follow-up test. The research instruments included the Elson, Portner & Bell family cohesion and adaptability scale and the communication subscale of the Enrich Elson, Fournier and Drakeman questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANKOVA) and multivariate analysis (MANKOVA).

The results showed that the combination of Guttman couple therapy and structural family therapy significantly improves cohesion, adaptability and incompatible couple communication (p <0.05). The results also showed that the effectiveness of this combined approach lasted until the follow-up stage. The results obtained based on the effectiveness of this approach were discussed in detail.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychoeducational (relationship enrichment) approach and McMaster theory on increasing cohesion-flexibility of couples. From among 60 volunteer couples, 24 were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups of psychoeducational (8 males and 8 females) and McMaster (8 males and 8 females), and one control group (8 males and 8 females). Each of the experimental groups was separately trained in 10 sessions over a three-month period based on the psychoeducational (RE) and McMaster approaches. The participants in the three groups were evaluated by the marital cohesion -flexibility questionnaire in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up period. Chi-squared was used to analyze data. The results of the study indicated that the psychoeducational relationship enrichment model and the McMaster model didn’t significantly increase cohesion – flexibility among couples (P>0.05). Cohesion and flexibility among spouses are seen in a linear continuum that shows the central points of healthy relationships. Cohesion shows the degree of dependence and independence between spouses and flexibility shows the ability of the marital system as an effective substitute for stress and changes. In this study, two psychoeducational and McMaster's approaches did not succeed to improve cohesion and flexibility between couples.

Systematic motivational counseling and acceptance and commitment therapy can improve the family structure by putting emphasis on the motivational structure amendment and the acceptance of life problems and facts. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of systematic motivational counseling and acceptance and commitment therapy on family adaptation and cohesion of incompatible marital women. The research design was a quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test type with a control group which was done through random assignment and a three-month follow-up. Sampling was carried out voluntarily. Thirty-six incompatible women were assigned to one of the experimental and control groups. The research tool included family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale (FACES-III). Data were analyzed through mutual variance analysis method by the repeated measurements. the results showed that there was a significant difference between the average pre-test and post-test scores in the control group (p<0.05). Also, the comparison of therapeutic groups indicated that there is no significant difference between the effect of systematic motivational counseling methods and acceptance and commitment therapy and family cohesion. the results showed that systematic motivational counseling and acceptance and commitment therapy could improve family adaptation and cohesion. Therefore, the results of the research provides empirical evidence for both therapies to improve the family structure.

Physical and mental fatigue leads to weakening of the performance of tasks of staff, high annual economic costs, and chronic medical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between breakdown of family cohesion and incidence of physical and mental fatigue of family members.
This study conducted with a descriptive and survey design. Data were collected from 100 families (100 male and 100 female) of Yazd province police, Iran in 2014. Families were selected by using multi-phase cluster random sampling. Instruments of data gathering were Fatigue Scale (FS) and Family Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FCES). Data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Prevalence rate of breakdown of family cohesion was 32% and prevalence rate of general fatigue (physical and mental) among families was 42%. There was a significant relationship between families with four levels of cohesion; disengaged, separate, connected and enmeshed regarding general fatigue (p Deficiency of family cohesion is one of the main risk factors concerning incidence of fatigue among family members. Individuals with different levels of family cohesion have different levels of physical and mental fatigue. Therefore, social and behavioral interventions to strengthen the cohesion of the family of police seem necessary.

Aim. The present study aims to determine the relationship between family performance indices (cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict) and the risk of myocardial infraction.
Background. Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infraction, is the first factor of fatality in the world and also in Iran. The etiology of myocardial infraction is a very complicated. One of the risk factors overlooked in the studies associated with the etiology of cardiovascular disorders is family and performance indices of the family.
Method. The present research was conducted by a case-control cross-sectional design. The data were collected from two groups, a group of 50 patients with myocardial infraction symptoms (case group) referring to Heshmat Specialized Hospital for Cardiology in Rasht and Tehran Specialized Heart Center, and a group of 50 healthy persons (control group) with no symptoms of myocardial infraction. The data gathering tool included Family Relationships Index. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using MANOVA method.
Findings. There was a statistically significant difference between case and control groups in terms of control variables: history of myocardial infarction, education, history of smoking, history of cholesterol and hypertension (pConclusion. Deficiency in family performance indices, including cohesion, and conflict in family relationships, are among the main risk factors of myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare and implement social, behavioral and educational interventions in order to prevent negative effects of inadequacies in family performance indices.

The current research aim was to study the factor analysis، reliability and validity of the Persian version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV) in Iranian families’ society. Initially، the FACES-IV was translated to Persian by four psychologists، and then back translated into English by an English expert. The modifications were performed after a pilot study with 30 participants. Thereafter، the final version was administrated to 1652 subjects (558 fathers، 576 mothers، and 518 children) in seven large provinces in the country. In order to testing the convergent and divergent validity the Depression، Anxiety، and Stress Scale (DASS)، Youth Self-Report (YSR)، Parenting Stress Inventory-short form (PSI-SF)، Life Event checklist (LE)، Family Conflicts Scale (FCS)، and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) were used. Alpha’s Chronbach for the total score of FACES-IV and for the balanced cohesion، balanced flexibility، disengaged، enmeshed، rigid، chaotic subscales for fathers were 0. 74، 0. 71، 0. 60، 0. 70، 0. 60، and 0. 58، for mothers 0. 72، 0. 72، 0. 69، 0. 69، 0. 56، and 0. 62، and for children 0. 59، 0. 77، 0. 69، 0. 74، 0. 52، and 0. 55، respectively. The convergent and divergent validity tests by calculating the correlation coefficient of FACES-IV using DASS، YSR، PSI-SF، and LE were satisfactory. The confirmatory factor analysis results depicted fit of the six-factor model (the cohesion dimension included disengaged، balanced flexibility، enmeshed subscales، and the flexibility dimension included rigid، balanced flexibility and chaotic subscales) with the data. The FACES-IV Persian version meets the psychometric properties needed for application in psychological studies and clinical diagnoses.

Social capital consists of individual's communicational networks, social norms such as mutual trust and cooperation in social networks. The aim of this study was to develop a model to assess the implication of different determinants such as age, gender, occupational status, mental and physical health on social capital components to draw a correlation network for social capital determinants.

For the purpose of this study, data was used from ‘social capital' section of Urban HEART-1 survey, which included 22,500 households from all 22 districts of Tehran, who were approached in a randomized multistage cluster sampling method. Path analysis is a statistical method to test hypothetical causal models, which requires various causal (path) diagrams. To demonstrate the causal models of social capital, the hypothetical paths of various components were developed and the final model of social capital was drawn using multiple regression analyses.

Path analysis indicated that social capital components are influenced by various variables: A) Individual trust, by occupational status, marital status, and physical component of health-related quality of life; B) Cohesion and social support, by education, age, and marital status; C) Collective trust and associative relation, by family size, age and physical health. Direct effect of these variables on social capital components was more than their indirect effects (through mental health and physical health).

Social capital components are directly affected by occupational, marital, educational status, family size, physical health and duration of local residency. Planning to improve educational and occupational status, strengthening family bonds and provision of local facilities, may improve social capital.

One of the most important structural factors that facilitate patient’s acceptance of full denture, is adequate and appropriate retention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the retentive ability of four denture adhesives in vitro: Safe Saze-Gum Sealing-Denstet-Corega. This experimental study was conducted in vitro on the basis of measurement of adhesion and cohesion forces between acrylic disk and glass, with denture adhesive applied between them. At first the retentive ability of alcohol, water and artificial saliva was measured and recorded as control. Then the retention ability of different adhesives mixed once with water and next with artificial saliva was measured and compared. The procedure was repeated 7 times for each denture adhesive with 7 similar acrylic disks. Data were analyzed using. ANOVA and paired t test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. Comparison of four powder denture adhesives showed that the highest retentive ability was observed in Denstet and the lowest in Safe-Saze. The retentive ability of Gum-Sealing was higher than Corega. Based on the results of this study, significant differences exist among the retention ability of different denture adhesives.