جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "coping behaviors" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Children with learning disabilities do not have problems with intelligence and motivation and are not lazy or deaf and dumb. In fact, most of them are as smart as others and are healthy in terms of brain, but this difference affects the way they receive and process information (4). Researches have mentioned three factors of children's characteristics, family aspects and social environment as the main and influential factors in the occurrence of children's disabilities (5). Therefore, methods that can simultaneously affect more aspects of these factors will have more and more stable therapeutic effects. Play therapy is one of these lasting and effective methods (6). Among the new methods of play therapy that are used for children with behavioral or functional problems are therapy and philial therapy. The results of various researches support the effectiveness of therapy on depression (8), anxiety (9) and behavioral problems (7) in children. In fact, this approach is a combination of interpersonal theories of human development, such as object relations theory, Balbi and Inworth's attachment theory (10). On the other hand, filial therapy, as a play therapy method, is a structured and direct theory for working with parents and children (11). Filial therapy is designed as a treatment program for children with emotional problems. In this intervention approach, children play with their caregivers and find out that they are lovable and important (12). These methods simultaneously affect the family environment, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and the psychological characteristics of children, this multifacetedness highlights the therapeutic importance of this method. One of the psychological characteristics in children that may help students with learning disorders or deepen their problems when facing stressors is coping behaviors. Coping behaviors or skills refer to cognitions that control stressful situations andbecome more specific along with the growth of children and adolescents (14). Therefore, the researcher is trying to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the effectiveness of play therapy in two ways, therapeutic and filial, on students' coping behaviors or not?

The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. For this purpose, the statistical population of the present study includes 183 male and female students with learning disabilities in Isfahan city, 54 students (30 boys and 24 girls) with learning disabilities without mental disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, and obvious physical and sensory motor disorders with mothers without obvious clinical symptoms. They were selected as available for cooperation. Then they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (18 people in each group). In the previous stages, immediately after and 2 months follow-up, they completed the Hernandez (2008) Coping Behavior Questionnaire. Also, to check and diagnose the learning disorder, the clinical interview was used based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5, which was conducted by a child psychiatry specialist. And the teenager took place. In the following, the Terapoly play therapy group gave its program based on the guide of Booth and Jerenberg (2019) to the first experimental group of 10 one-hour sessions (once a week for 10 weeks) and the filial therapy group gave its program based on the guide of Brighton et al. (2006). and Kalam et al. (2013) conducted 10 one-hour sessions (once a week for 10 weeks) to the second experimental group. Finally, the data were analyzed using software version 26 and using the multivariate analysis of covariance method.

The results showed that the mean scores of all three components of coping behaviors, including deviation from the problem, coping with the problem, and destructive coping, had a significant difference over time. Table 3 shows the results of intersubject analysis. Based on this table, the average scores for the dimension of deviation from the problem (F = 8.98 and P = 0.001), the dimension of coping with the problem (F = 6.91 and P = 0.002) and the dimension of destructive coping (42 F=83 and P=0.001) were obtained, which indicates that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups.The results showed that filial therapy and therapy play therapy has been effective in improving the coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities. Also, based on the results of Table 4, there was no significant difference between the average of all three components of coping behaviors in the two experimental groups in the post-test phase (P<0.001), which shows that both methods equally affect the components of deviation from the problem and coping with the problem. and destructive coping have been effective.The results of the Bonferroni test in Table 5 show that the average scores of the components of deviation from the problem, coping with the problem, and destructive coping in the post-test and follow-up stages are significantly different from the pre-test stage, but there was no significant difference between the average scores of the post-test and follow-up stages. It indicates that the average scores in the post-test and follow-up stage have changed compared to the pre-test stage and managed to maintain this change.

The results of this research showed that therapy and filial therapy methods are effective in improving coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities. In explaining this finding, it can be said that both therapy and filial therapy methods have been able to leave a positive impact on the improvement of dimensions related to the coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities with a different structure (19).Because Teraplay is a type of short-term interactive play therapy that focuses on attachment-based games in the form of active games to create better relationships between parents and children. The therapist takes more responsibility for the progress of play sessions, as characterized by more attachment, empathic behavior, interactive play, interpersonal eye and body contact (24). Thus, in the present study, both parents and therapists helped the children in the test groups to strengthen their self-esteem and sense of competence and self-efficacy by providing playful challenges. Challenges caused frustration for children who learned how to face challenges and stress with the help of play (25).On the other hand, the emotional release capability of play is another explanation for the effect of parent-child play therapy, which helps children externalize their emotions in a completely safe and comfortable manner, and finally, these capabilities, when used in the context of parent-child play therapy are used to help not only children, but also mothers who have been placed in the role of coach and play therapist during play therapy to help their children get rid of the stresses and pressures of everyday life (16).

The way of coping with infertility affects the mental health of infertile couples. The association of coping strategies and adaptability in women who underwent assisted reproductive treatment are controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between coping strategies and adaptability in infertile women who underwent assisted reproductive therapy.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 women who underwent assisted reproduction treatment using convenience sampling. Adaptability to infertility and coping strategies were evaluated using validated self-report questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the multivariable linear regression test. The structural equation modeling was done using AMOS software version 24.

The results showed that independent of the age, monthly income and duration of infertility, there was a negative significant relationship between adaptability to infertility and self-blame, ruminative self-focus, emotional expression, and emotional understanding. Although, a positive significant relationship between adaptability and liberation of the mind strategy exists. The overall structural equation model analysis represented good fit for the model indicating the relationship between coping strategies and infertility adaptability (CMIN/DF = 0.46, P = 0.91).

The results showed that in women who underwent assisted reproductive therapy, only the use of mind liberation strategies had a positive effect on adaptability and other coping strategies had an inverse effect with adaptability.

 The emergence of COVID-19 disease has created significant stress and anxiety for health care workers. This study aimed to investigate the stressors and coping strategies in the staff of Allameh Bohlool Hospital in Gonabad City, Iran, during the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 252 employees of Allameh Bohlool Hospital in Gonabad from March 2020 to April 2020. Study tools included a brief form of coping styles (Brief-COPE) and a researcher-made questionnaire of stressors due to the emergence of COVID-19 among health care workers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear regression and ordinal regression models at the significance level of 0.05.

 About 74.2%, 69.4%, 52.7%, 52.7%, and 99.2% of the hospital staff had moderate to high stress in the domains of internal, family-social, workplace-related, infection control, and government measures, respectively. The degree of using adaptive and maladaptive coping styles used by staff were 52.0% and 23.8% at the moderate to the high level, respectively. Maladaptive coping styles had a positive and significant relationship with stress intensity so that for each unit increase in maladaptive coping score, the odds of experiencing higher levels of stress increased 1.24 to 1.45 times (P<0.001). Also, the odds of experiencing higher levels of stress in those who had sports activities was 24% to 76% lower (P=0.003).

 The findings of the present study indicated a high level of stress among hospital staff. Also, the use of maladaptive coping styles and sports activities had a significant positive and negative relationship with stress intensity, respectively. Therefore, designing effective interventions focusing on reducing maladaptive coping patterns among hospital staff and encouraging people to engage in sports activities can help manage stress as much as possible due to the outbreak of COVID-19 disease.

Conduct Disorder (CD) is among the most common behavioral disorders that threaten an individual's mental health. Adolescents with CD fail to adapt their behavior to the expectations of parents, others, and social norms. Studies indicated that external problems in adolescents might be equally related to psychological pathology in parents, while their internal issues are more closely related to maternal psychological pathology than in fathers. Numerous factors impact the development of CD, i.e., related to parental personality traits, the couple's communication problems with each other, and the style of behavioral interactions between them and adolescents. Studies found that the parents of adolescents with CD encounter difficulty regulating emotions and behaviors. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate personality traits and coping behaviors in adolescent girls with CD parents.</span>

This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The statistical population included the parents of all secondary school adolescent girls with CD aged 14 to 18 years in Tehran City, Iran in 2020 who were selected by purposive sampling method Statistical sample was chosen according to the sample size of descriptive studies and based on previous variance (S2</sup>=19.45), included 124 mothers and 124 fathers (N=248) who were targeted by sampling among adolescent girls with a higher odds of CD. To be screened, during negotiations with the principals of some girls' high schools in districts 14 and 19 of Tehran, while informing them of some CD symptoms, they were requested to introduce adolescents with this syndrome. Thus, 512 students were introduced. Then, screening was performed, and out of 512 students, 131 obtained the highest score in conduct disorder, i.e., the scores of ≥18 based on the Youth Self-Report Questionnaire (YSRQ; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). In the grading process, by excluding the families of 7 students (due to noncooperation), 124 mothers and 124 fathers were included in the study. The exclusion criterion was noncooperation for the parents and obtaining scores <18 in the YSRQ for the adolescents. The measurement tools included the YSRQ, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) </span>EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975), and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Lazaros, 1980). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including Independent Samples t-test at a significance level of 0.01 in SPSS. Additionally, to evaluate the status of parental coping behaviors, Paired Samples t-test was applied. The mean scores of the subjects' problem-based coping strategies were compared with the mean scores of their emotion-based coping strategies.

The present study results suggested that all examined parents, on average, had personality traits of introversion, psycho-annoyance, and lying (p<0.001) and no personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism (p<0.001). Furthermore, all parents surveyed, on average, had scored higher on emotion-based coping strategies than problem-based strategies (p<0.001); thus, they had emotion-based coping behaviors.

The present study findings emphasized the impact of family environment, personality, and parental behavior on the incidence of adolescent CD. This is because introversion, psycho-annoyance and lying and emotion-based coping strategies are evident in these parents.

Play therapy is an innovative psychotherapy technique in child therapy. This therapy can fulfill the needs of children in different ages and it can significantly affect their behavior change, adaptability, and social skills. Present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of individual and group play therapy on the coping behaviors of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

This study was an experimental research with pretest- posttest control group design. The study population included all the male and female students with ADHD in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. A sample of 60 students was selected by purposive sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (20 per group). The experimental group underwent ten 45-min sessions of individual play therapy and ten 60-min sessions of group play therapy, but the control group received no intervention. Oppositional Behaviors Questionnaire (Falahi et al., 2017) and Conner’s ADHD Rating Scale (1999) were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA.    

Findings showed that both individual and group play therapy were effective in increasing the component of problem coping (F=217.93), decreasing the component of solution aversion (F=1153.09) and destructive coping (F=317.57) in primary students with ADHD (p<0.01). Also, based on the findings of follow-up test, group play therapy was more effective than individual play therapy in terms of increasing the component of problem coping (MD=-3.61) and decreasing the components of solution aversion (MD=4.65) and destructive coping (MD=3.66) in primary school students with ADHD (p<0.01). 

Individual and group play therapy are effective in increasing the coping behaviors of primary school students with ADHD but based on the results, group play therapy can be more effective in improving the mental and behavioral situation of children.